2026年翻译职业能力测试题及解析

2026年翻译职业能力测试题及解析PartI词汇与语法（共20题，每题1分，满分20分）1.下列句子中，划线词语使用恰当的一项是A.Thearbitrator’srulingwastantamounttoajudicialdecree,henceimmediatelyenforceable.B.Thenewclausewasinterwovenintothecontractexpostfacto,renderingthepriorversionnull.C.Thepartiesagreedtobifurcatethearbitrationintotwophases,butthetribunaldeclinedtosever.D.Therespondent’srejoinderwasrepletewithtautologicalargumentsthatobfuscatedthecrux.2.选择能替换划线部分且保持法律含义不变的选项“Theindemnityclauseshallinuretothebenefitofthesuccessorsandpermittedassigns.”A.accrueB.conduceC.redoundD.ensue3.下列哪一项中的介词短语在法律语境下存在歧义A.paymentshallbemadewithin30daysofthedateofinvoiceB.thewarrantyperiodcommencesonthedateofdeliveryC.thelicenseemaynotsublicensewithoutthepriorwrittenconsentofthelicensorD.theseller’sliabilityislimitedtothepurchaseprice4.指出下列句中冗余的词汇“Anyandallrights,titleandinterest,whethernowownedorhereafteracquired,inandtothetrademarks,togetherwiththegoodwillappurtenantthereto,areherebyirrevocablyandunconditionallytransferredandassigned.”5.将下列长句进行逻辑切分，使其符合中文“先因后果”的表述习惯，并写出切分后的英译“Notwithstandinganyprovisiontothecontraryhereincontained,nopartyshallbeliableforanyfailureordelayinperformancecausedbyeventsbeyonditsreasonablecontrol,providedthatsuchpartygivespromptwrittennoticethereofandusescommerciallyreasonableeffortstomitigatetheeffectsofsuchevents.”6.在下列被动语态结构中，哪一项转换为主动语态后最符合法律英语简洁性原则A.Theinstrumentwasexecutedbythecompanyon5June2025.B.Thedisclosurewasmadetotheregulatorbytheissuer.C.TheinjunctionwasgrantedbytheHighCourt.D.Thesharesweresubscribedforbytheinvestor.7.选择最符合“shall”在法律文本中强制性用法的句子改写“Thesuppliershall,atitsownexpense,replacethedefectivegoodswithinfifteen(15)calendardaysuponreceiptofthepurchaser’swrittennotice.”A.Thesuppliermayreplace…B.Thesupplierwillusereasonableendeavourstoreplace…C.Thesupplierisobligedtoreplace…D.Thesuppliershouldreplace…8.下列哪一项中的情态动词在法律文本中弱化程度最高A.Theagentmustnotifytheprincipalpromptly.B.Theagentshallnotifytheprincipalpromptly.C.Theagentshouldnotifytheprincipalpromptly.D.Theagentwillnotifytheprincipalpromptly.9.指出下列句中“which”引导的非限制性定语从句的先行词“Theescrowamount,whichshallbereleasedonlyuponjointwritteninstructions,constitutespartialconsiderationforthetransferredshares.”10.选择正确的法律同义词组，使句子在保持原意的同时避免重复“Thelesseecovenantsto______and______thepremisesingoodandsubstantialrepairandcondition.”A.keep,maintainB.maintain,preserveC.upkeep,sustainD.keep,sustain11.下列拉丁法律术语中，哪一项在普通法司法区最常用于指“判决依据”A.ratiodecidendiB.obiterdictumC.staredecisisD.resjudicata12.选择最符合“timeisoftheessence”条款中文表述的译文A.时间应视为合同之要素B.时间应被解释为合同核心C.时间应作为合同本质D.时间应构成合同根本13.下列哪一项中的“withoutprejudice”使用错误A.WithoutprejudicetothegeneralityofClause8,theindemnityextendstothird-partyclaims.B.Theofferismadewithoutprejudiceandmaybewithdrawnatanytime.C.Withoutprejudicetotherespondent’srights,thetribunalorderedinterimmeasures.D.Thecorrespondenceismarked“withoutprejudice”topreventdisclosureinlitigation.14.指出下列句中“such”的指代对象“Thesuppliershalldeliversuchquantitiesasarespecifiedinthepurchaseorder.”15.选择最符合“paripassu”中文习惯的译文A.同等顺序B.按份均等C.比例平等D.顺位同等16.下列哪一项中的“bestendeavours”义务强度最高A.Thecontractorshallusebestendeavourstoobtainthepermit.B.Thecontractorshallusereasonableendeavourstoobtainthepermit.C.Thecontractorshalluseallreasonableendeavourstoobtainthepermit.D.Thecontractorshallusecommerciallyreasonableeffortstoobtainthepermit.17.将下列中文法律惯用语译为地道法律英文“前款所称之不可抗力事件，包括但不限于战争、暴动、政府管制、瘟疫、地震、洪水、火灾或其他双方书面约定之事件。”18.下列哪一项中的“subjectto”结构导致条款优先级冲突A.SubjecttoClause12,thelicenceisexclusive.B.Clause12issubjecttothelicencebeingexclusive.C.Subjecttothepriorapprovaloftheregulator,thetransactioncloses.D.ThewarrantyissubjecttothelimitationssetoutinSchedule3.19.选择最符合“forcemajeure”条款中“impracticability”法律含义的表述A.performancehasbecomeunreasonablyburdensomeB.performancehasbecomeimpossibleC.performancehasbecomeillegalD.performancehasbecomedifficult20.指出下列句中“includingwithoutlimitation”的修辞功能“Thelicencecoversallintellectualpropertyrights,includingwithoutlimitationpatents,trademarks,copyrightsandtradesecrets.”PartII英汉互译（共4题，每题15分，满分60分）21.英译汉（合同条款）“ThepartiesherebyestablishaSwissVereinstructurewherebyeachmemberfirmshallremainadistinctlegalentity,liableonlyforitsownactsandomissions,andnomembershallbevicariouslyliablefortheobligationsofanother,providedthatthecentralbodymayallocatepooledresourcesforbrand,ITandriskmanagementfunctionsinaccordancewiththeVereinCharterandtheCost-SharingAgreement.”22.汉译英（立法文本）“任何单位和个人实施数据跨境传输活动，应当依照本法规定进行安全评估；涉及国家核心数据、重要数据或个人信息达到规定数量的，应当通过国家网信部门组织的安全评估，并依法取得行政许可；未经许可，不得向境外提供。”23.英译汉（仲裁裁决节选）“TheTribunal,havingdeliberatedincameraandrendereditsdecisionbyamajority,findsthattheRespondent’sinvocationoftherebussicstantibusdoctrineisunfoundedundertheapplicableUNIDROITPrinciples,sincetheallegedmarketdisruptionwasforeseeableatthetimeofcontractingandtheClaimanthadexpresslyassumedsuchriskunderClause7.3oftheSharePurchaseAgreement.Accordingly,theTribunaldismissestheRespondent’spleaforpriceadjustmentandawardstheClaimantdamagesintheamountofUSD14.7millionpluscompoundinterestattherateofSOFR+400bps,compoundedquarterlyfromthedateofbreachuntilthedateoffullsatisfaction.”24.汉译英（公司章程条款）“公司设董事会，由九名董事组成，其中独立董事不得少于三名。董事会会议作出决议，必须经全体董事过半数通过；但涉及公司合并、分立、解散、变更公司形式、修改公司章程、重大资产重组或单笔交易金额超过公司最近一期经审计净资产百分之三十之事项，须经全体董事三分之二以上通过方可生效。”PartIII译文审校与改写（共2题，每题10分，满分20分）25.以下译文存在法律逻辑与术语错误，请逐句指出并给出修改后的完整译文原文：“Theguarantorwaivesallrightsofsubrogationagainsttheborroweruntiltheguaranteedobligationshavebeenirrevocablydischargedinfull.”译文：“保证人放弃对借款人的全部代位求偿权，直至被担保债务被不可撤销地完全解除。”26.以下中文条款表述啰嗦且存在歧义，请用不超过60个汉字改写，并给出对应英译“如发生任何依据本协议第5.2条所述之违约事件，且在守约方向违约方发出书面通知并要求补救之日起十五（15）日内未能得到有效补救，则守约方有权通过向违约方发出书面通知的方式立即终止本协议，且不影响其根据本协议或适用法律所享有的任何其他权利或救济。”PartIV翻译技术实务（共1题，满分20分）27.使用TradosStudio2022对下列句段进行术语抽取与翻译记忆库匹配，给出最终译文并说明匹配率源句段：“UponCompletion,thePurchasershalldeposittheEscrowAmountwiththeEscrowAgent,tobereleasedinaccordancewiththeEscrowAgreement.”术语库已录入：Completion=交割EscrowAmount=托管金额EscrowAgent=托管代理行EscrowAgreement=《托管协议》翻译记忆库已存在：“TheVendorshalldeposittheEscrowAmountwiththeEscrowAgent,tobereleasedinaccordancewiththeEscrowAgreement.”（匹配率85%）PartV翻译伦理与职业责任（共1题，满分20分）28.你作为法庭口译员，在庭审过程中听到被告低声用母语对律师说：“我只是开玩笑的，其实那把刀不是我的。”辩护律师未向法庭披露该信息。请结合《国际法庭口译员守则》第4条与第7条，说明你的伦理抉择及具体操作步骤，并给出不少于200字的英文论证。PartVI计算与公式（共1题，满分20分）29.某翻译公司承接一份英译汉专利文件，共15000词，客户要求按“标准页”计费，每标准页350词，单价人民币180元/页。项目启用Trados分析结果如下：100%匹配：3200词85–94%匹配：2800词75–84%匹配：2000词无匹配：7000词公司定价政策：100%匹配按单价30%计费；85–94%匹配按60%计费；75–84%匹配按80%计费；无匹配按100%计费。请计算项目总费用，并给出LaTeX公式及分步计算过程。PartVII写作（共1题，满分40分）30.根据以下材料撰写不少于500字的英文议论文，要求使用至少5条法律引证（请用脚注标明假想案例），论证“Machine-generatedtranslationoutputshouldbesubjecttoastrictliabilityregimeforerrorsincertifiedcourtfilings.”——答案与解析——1.A解析：tantamount表示“等同”，符合法律英语正式程度；B项expostfacto为“溯及既往”，与“renderingthepriorversionnull”重复；C项sever与bifurcate同义重复；D项tautological与obfuscate搭配生硬。2.A解析：inuretothebenefitof固定搭配，accrue可替换且保持“权利产生”含义。3.A解析：within30daysofthedateofinvoice可理解为“自发票日起30日内”或“发票日后第30日”，存在歧义。4.冗余：Anyandall；nowownedorhereafteracquired；irrevocablyandunconditionally解析：法律文本中三处均为同义堆叠，可简化为“allrights…aretransferred.”5.切分后英译：“Shouldanypartyfailordelayperformanceduetoeventsbeyonditsreasonablecontrol,itshallnotbeliabletherefor,providedthat:(i)itpromptlynotifiestheotherpartyinwriting;and(ii)ittakescommerciallyreasonablestepstomitigatetheeffectsofsuchevents.”6.A解析：主动语态“Thecompanyexecutedtheinstrumenton5June2025.”最简洁。7.C解析：isobligedto对应shall的强制义务。8.C解析：should弱化程度最高，仅为建议。9.先行词：theescrowamount解析：非限制性定语从句补充说明托管金额的释放条件。10.A解析：keepandmaintain为法律固定搭配，避免重复。11.A解析：ratiodecidendi为“判决理由”，obiterdictum为“附带意见”。12.A解析：“时间应视为合同之要素”最符合中文法律文本习惯。13.B解析：withoutprejudice不能修饰“可随时撤回”，应使用“subjecttocontract”。14.指代对象：thequantitiesspecifiedinthepurchaseorder解析：such为指示形容词，指代前文已述数量。15.D解析：paripassu译为“顺位同等”符合担保法语境。16.A解析：bestendeavours为最高义务，英国判例明确其严于reasonableendeavours。17.参考译文：“Theforcemajeureeventsreferredtointheprecedingparagraphshallinclude,withoutlimitation,war,riot,governmentalaction,pandemic,earthquake,flood,fireoranyothereventmutuallyagreedinwritingbybothparties.”18.B解析：Clause12issubjectto…导致条款自我从属，逻辑冲突。19.A解析：美国《统一商法典》第2-615条注释，impracticability指“极端不合理负担”，非绝对不可能。20.修辞功能：开放式列举，表明其后所列非穷尽，防止反面解释。21.参考译文：“双方特此设立瑞士Verein架构，据此每家成员事务所仍为独立法律实体，仅对自身作为或不作为负责，任何成员均不对其他成员之义务承担替代责任；但中央机构可依据《Verein章程》及《成本分摊协议》，就品牌、信息技术及风险管理职能统一调配共享资源。”22.参考译文：“Anyentityorindividualconductingcross-borderdatatransferactivitiesshallundergoasecurityassessmentinaccordancewiththisLaw;whereStatecoredata,importantdataorpersonalinformationreachingtheprescribedvolumeisinvolved,itshallpassthesecurityassessmentorganisedbythenationalcyberspaceadministrationauthorityandobtainanadministrativelicenceinaccordancewiththelaw;noprovisiontooverseasjurisdictionsshallbemadewithoutsuchlicence.”23.参考译文：“仲裁庭经不公开合议并以多数意见作出裁决：被申请人援引《国际商事合同通则》之情势变更原则不能成立，因为所谓市场波动在合同订立时即可预见，且申请人在《股权购买协议》第7.3条已明确承担该风险。据此，仲裁庭驳回被申请人价格调整请求，裁定被申请人向申请人支付损害赔偿1470万美元，外加利息，以SOFR+400个基点按季复利计算，自违约之日起至全额清偿之日止。”24.参考译文：“Thecompanyshallhaveaboardofdirectorscomposedofninedirectors,includingnofewerthanthreeindependentdirectors.Resolutionsoftheboardshallbeadoptedbyasimplemajorityofalldirectors;provided,however,thatanymatterinvolvingmerger,demerger,dissolution,changeofcorporateform,amendmenttothearticlesofassociation,materialassetrestructuringoranysingletransactionexceedingthirtypercent(30%)ofthecompany’slatestauditednetassetsshallrequiretheaffirmativevoteofatleasttwo-thirdsofalldirectors.”25.错误分析：（1）“全部代位求偿权”遗漏“allrightsofsubrogation”中rights的复数含义；（2）“被担保债务被…解除”被动结构不符合中文法律习惯，主语应为“义务”；（3）“不可撤销地”修饰“解除”不当，应修饰“放弃”。修改译文：“保证人放弃其对借款人的全部代位权，直至被担保义务被完全且终局清偿为止。”26.改写中文：“违约方未于守约方书面通知后15日内补救违约事件，守约方可书面终止本协议，并保留其他权利。”英译：“Ifthebreachingpartyfailstocurethebreachwithinfifteen(15)daysafterwrittennoticefromthenon-breachingparty,thelattermayterminatethisAgreementimmediatelybywrittennoticewithoutprejudicetoanyotherrights.”27.最终译文：“交割后，买方应将托