中小学英语语法知识点大全

中小学英语语法知识点大全一、名词1.分类：可数名词：单数、复数●不可数名词：food,water,milk,bread,news,advice,information等2.复数变化规则●一般加s：book-books●s/x/ch/sh结尾加es：box-boxes,watch-watches●辅音字母+y→变y为i加es：city-cities●f/fe结尾常变v再加es：leaf-leaves,knife-knives●不规则：man-men,woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth3.名词所有格●单数：’s→Tom’sbook●复数：s’→theteachers’office●共同所有：AandB’s●各自所有：A’sandB’s二、代词1.人称代词●主格：I,you,he,she,it,we,they（作主语，放句首）●宾格：me,you,him,her,it,us,them（动后、介后）2.物主代词●形容词性：my,your,his,her,its,our,their（后+名词）●名词性：mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs（单独用）3.反身代词：myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves常用：enjoyoneself,helponeselfto,byoneself,teachoneself4.不定代词some用于肯定,any用于否定/疑问；something,anything,nothing,everything；each,every,both,either,neither,all,none。三、冠词1.a/an：泛指一个●a用于辅音音素开头：abook,auniversity●an用于元音音素开头：anapple,anhour,anhonestboy2.the：特指●世上独一无二：thesun,themoon●序数词、最高级前：thefirst,thebest●乐器前：playthepiano3.零冠词●球类、三餐、学科、人名、地名前●by+交通工具：bybus,bybike四、数词1.基数词：one,two…2.序数词：●1st,2nd,3rd,5th,8th,9th,12th●整十变y为ie加th：twenty-twentieth3.分数：分子基，分母序；分子>1，序加s●1/3onethird，2/3twothirds4.日期、年龄、编号●inthe1990s在20世纪90年代●inone’stwenties在某人二十多岁五、介词●时间：in年月季节，on具体某天，at几点●方位：inthetree在树上（外来物），onthetree（长在树上）●infrontof/inthefrontof●between两者，among三者以上●begoodat,lookafter,listento,arrivein/at六、连词●and并且；和，but转折，or否则/或者，so所以●both…and…两者都●notonly…butalso…不但…而且…●either…or…要么…要么…●neither…nor…既不…也不…●because原因，so结果（不能连用）七、形容词&副词1.形容词：修饰名词，放名词前/系动词后2.系动词：be,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,become,get3.副词：修饰动词、形容词、全句，一般ly结尾4.三级变化●原级、比较级、最高级●加er/est；以e结尾直接加r/st；重读闭音节双写；y变i加er/est●不规则：good/well-better-best；bad-worse-worst；many/much-more-most4.句型●as+原级+as●比较级+than●比较级and比较级：越来越…●the+比较级，the+比较级：越…越…八、动词分类与时态1.动词分类：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词2.情态动词can,could,may,must,should,needmust提问否定用needn’t；mustn’t严禁；can’t不可能。3.中考五大时态1.一般现在时●标志：often,usually,always,everyday●结构：主+动/动三单●三单：动词+s/es2.一般过去时●标志：yesterday,last…,…ago,justnow●结构：主语+动词过去式●规则：ed；不规则要背（go-went,eat-ate等）3.一般将来时●will+动原/begoingto+动原●标志：tomorrow,next…,inthefuture4.现在进行时●am/is/are+doing●标志：now,look,listen5.现在完成时●have/has+过去分词●标志：already,yet,ever,never,since,for,sofar九、非谓语动词（动名词&不定式）1.todo（表目的、将来）●wanttodo,hopetodo,decidetodo,plantodo,tellsbtodo,asksbtodo2.doing（表正在、习惯）●likedoing,enjoydoing,finishdoing,practicedoing,minddoing,●begoodatdoing,lookforwardtodoing3.省to●let/make/havesbdo●hear/seesbdo十、被动语态●结构：be+过去分词●一般现在：am/is/aredone●一般过去：was/weredone●情态被动：情态+bedone●主动：peoplegrowtea●被动：teaisgrownbypeople十一、主谓一致●单数主语用单数动词●复数主语用复数动词●either…or…就近原则●therebe句型就近十二、简单句五大基本句型1.主+谓2.主+谓+宾3.主+谓+双宾4.主+谓+宾+宾补5.主+系+表十三、复合句（中考重点）1.宾语从句●引导词：that/if/whether/what/who/where等●语序：陈述语序（主+谓）●时态：主句现在，从句随便；主句过去，从句过去；客观真理用一般现在。2.状语从句●时间：when,while,before,after,until,assoonas●条件：if,unless●原因：because●结果：so…that,such…that●主将从现：主句将来，从句一般现在3.定语从句●that人/物，which物，who人十四、情景交际（常考）