2025年AI智能体指数报告（英文）

1

The2025AIAgentIndex

DocumentingTechnicalandSafetyFeaturesofDeployedAgenticAISystems

LEONSTAUFER∗,UniversityofCambridge,UnitedKingdomKEVINFENG十,UniversityofWashington,USA

KEVINWEI十,HarvardLawSchool,USA

LUKEBAILEY十,StanfordUniversity,USA

YAWENDUAN十,ConcordiaAI,China

MICKYANG十,UniversityofPennsylvania,USA

A.PINAROZISIK十,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,USASTEPHENCASPER‡,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,USA

NOAMKOLT‡,HebrewUniversityofJerusalem,Israel

AgenticAIsystemsareincreasinglycapableofperformingprofessionalandpersonaltaskswithlimitedhumaninvolvement.However,trackingthesedevelopmentsisdifficultbecausetheAIagentecosystemiscomplex,rapidlyevolving,andinconsistentlydocumented,posingobstaclestobothresearchersandpolicymakers.Toaddressthesechallenges,thispaperpresentsthe2025AIAgentIndex.TheIndexdocumentsinformationregardingtheorigins,design,capabilities,ecosystem,andsafetyfeaturesof30state-of-the-artAIagentsbasedonpubliclyavailableinformationandemailcorrespondencewithdevelopers.Inadditiontodocumentinginformationaboutindividualagents,theIndexilluminatesbroadertrendsinthedevelopmentofagents,theircapabilities,andtheleveloftransparencyofdevelopers.Notably,wefinddiferenttransparencylevelsamongagentdevelopersandobservethatmostdeveloperssharelittleinformationaboutsafety,evaluations,andsocietalimpacts.The2025AIAgentIndexisavailableonlineat

.

1Introduction

DespitegrowinginterestandinvestmentinagenticAIsystemscapableofautomatingcomplextaskswithlimitedhumaninvolvement[

52

,

56

,

57

,

94

,

98

,

113

,

131

,

137

],keyaspectsoftheirreal-worlddevelopmentanddeploymentremainopaque,withlittleinformationmadepubliclyavailabletoresearchersorpolicymakers[

22

].Inparticular,therearecurrentlynoclearanswerstoseveralbasicquestionsconcerningagenticAIsystems:

•Whoisdevelopingthemostimpactfulagenticsystems?

•Inwhichdomainsaretheydeployed?

•Whatprocessesandresourcesareusedtodevelopthesesystems?

•Howaretheyevaluated?

•Whatguardrailsareinplacetomitigatetheiruniquerisks?

Toanswerthesequestions,weintroduceandreleasethe2025AIAgentIndex.TheIndexprovidesin-depthinformationon30agenticsystemsacross6categories:legal,technicalcapabilities,autonomy&control,ecosysteminteraction,evaluation,andsafety.This2025Indexfollowsthefirst2024AIAgentIndex[

22

].Toaccountforrecentgrowthand★Correspondingauthor.

十Equalcontribution,randomizedorder.

‡Co-seniorauthor.

ThisworkislicensedunderaCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0InternationalLicense.

The2025AIAgentIndex2

NumberofNewSearchTerms

YearlyGoogleScholarPaperCount

MonthlynewsearchtermsYearlypapercount

Agentrelease(Chat)

Agentrelease(Enterprise)

Agentrelease(Browser)

2020202120222023202420252026

1700

1500

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Fig.1.InterestinAIagentsisgrowing.2025hasseenasharpincreaseininterestinAIagents.ThisisreflectedinanincreaseofnewGooglesearchtermsrelatedtoagenticAIproducts(bluebars)aswellasGoogleScholarpapercountsfor“AIagent”or“agenticAI”(redline).AccumulationofindividualreleasesofagenticAIproductsincludedinthisIndexisshownbycategory:chatswithagentictools,enterpriseagents,andbrowseragents.SeeFigure

9

fordetailsonreleasesandSection

C

fordetailsonpublicinterest.

changeintheAIagentecosystem(seeFigure

1

),this2025Indexdevelopsandimplementssubstantiallyrevisedinclusioncriteria(Section

3.1

)andinformationfields(Section

3

).Mostcrucially,itindexesasmallernumberofsystemsingreaterdepth—focusingonhighlyagenticsystemswithhigh-impactreal-worldapplications.

InadditiontoprovidinginformationaboutprominentAIagents,thisIndexalsorevealsecosystem-widetrendsregardingwhichinformationdevelopersdoanddonotpubliclyshare.Thisshedslightonthestateoftransparencyintheagentecosystemamidst

agenticAIincidents

,recentattentionfromgovernments[

13

,

73

,

97

,

125

,

140

],industryself-regulationeforts[

88

],andgapsbetweenexpectationsofagentdevelopersandreality[

14

].Wemakethreecontributions:

(1)AgentIndex:Weindex30highlyagenticandwidelyusedproducts(Section

3

).

1

(2)Ecosystem-WideTrends:WeidentifytrendsacrosstheAIagentecosystemrelatingtosystems’origin,role,levelofagency,capabilities,safety,andtransparency(Section

4

).

(3)CaseStudies:Wepresentthreecasestudiesofspecificagentsacrossthreedominantinteractionparadigms:abrowseragent,anagenticchatbot,andacustomizableenterpriseagentbuilder(Section

5

).

2BackgroundandRelatedWork

DefinitionsofAIagentsarenebulousanddiferacrossfields.Thenotionofartificialagencyhasalonganddiscordanthistoryacrossdisciplines,includingcybernetics[

10

,

107

,

132

],artificiallife[

80

–

82

],rationalagency[

103

],softwareengineering[

65

,

134

],reinforcementlearning[

119

],andphilosophy[

38

,

41

].Whiledefinitionsvary,theytendtoemphasizerelatednotionsofautonomy,goal-directedness,andtheabilitytoaccomplishcomplex,long-horizontasks.Despiteattemptstodefinetheterm“agent”,includinginthecontextofcomputationalsystems[

45

,

68

,

70

,

109

],wedo

1Weusetermslike“agentic,”“pursue,”and“choose”asshorthandforcomputationalprocesseswithoutattributinghuman-likeintentionality,consciousness,oragencytoAIsystems.WerecognizethatsuchtermsmayanthropomorphizeAIsystemsinamisleadingwayandobscurethesociotechnicalnatureofthesesystems

[11

,

63

].Whenspeakingof“autonomy”weonlyrefertotechnicalautomationwithouthuman-in-the-loopratherthanindependentvolition.SeeSection

2

forfurtherdiscussionoftheterm“agent”.

The2025AIAgentIndex3

notdecideamongthesedefinitionsorofferanalternative.Instead,weaimtosynthesizeelementsofexistingdefinitionsrelatedtoasystem’spotentialforeconomicandscientificimpact(seeSection

3.1

).

TheriseofAIAgents:Figure

1

illustratestherapidincreaseinresearchfocusedonAIagentsinrecentyears,particularlyin2025,withpapersmentioning“AIAgent”or“AgenticAI”exceedingthetotalfrom2020–2024combinedbymorethantwofold.Thishasalsobeenaccompaniedbyasurgeofinterestinenterpriseuseofagents.Forexample,inasurveyof1,993companiesinJuneandJulyof2025,McKinsey&Companyfoundthat62%ofrespondentsreportedthattheirorganizationswereatleastexperimentingwithAIagents[

113

].Basedontheestimatedautomatabilityofworkacrosseconomicsectors,McKinseyalsoestimatedthatAIagentscouldautomate2.9trilliondollarsinUSeconomicvalueby2030.Agentsarealsocapableofautomatingincreasingamountsofscientificresearch,havingcontributedtodocumentedstridesinlifesciences,chemistry,materialsscience,physics,astronomy,andcomputerscience[

51

,

56

,

57

,

131

,

135

].Asofthisyear,AIagentshavebeguntowritepapersthathavepassedacademicpeerreview[

110

].Theseestimatesandreportsarepronetoconflictsofinterestandhype[

74

],buttheyreflectanunmistakableriseininterestandprominenceofAIagents.Finally,asof2026,recentMoltBookandOpenClawAgentshavearguablydrivenattentionandconcernsaroundAIagentstonewheights[

3

,

12

,

32

,

49

,

83

].

SocietalRisksandEthicalConcernsaroundAIAgents:JustasAIagentsenableuniqueopportunities,theirabilitytoactintherealworldinopen-endedpursuitofgoalspresentsnewrisks[

16

,

26

,

31

,

48

,

108

].Forexample,whilechatbotsoftencauseharmwhenhumanusersactuponmodeloutputs(e.g.,deployingmodel-generatedmaliciouscode)[

75

,

85

,

102

],agenticAIsystemscandirectlycauseharm(e.g.,autonomouslyhackingwebsites)[

42

,

64

,

85

].Forthesereasons,highlycapableandagenticsystemsareoftencitedasakeyriskfactorforcrisesofaccountability[

33

,

62

,

71

]andAIlossofcontrolevents[

15

,

16

,

61

].Severalpriorworkshavefocusedonbenchmarkingagents’potentialforspecificharmfulbehaviors[

6

,

76

,

124

,

127

,

140

].Meanwhile,othershavearguedthathighlycapableAIagentscouldcontributetosystemicdisruptionsandrisks,includingtolabor[

17

,

37

,

111

],inequality[

60

,

130

],orthedigitalmarketplaceofideas[

7

,

69

,

90

,

101

].

MappingtheAIAgentLandscape:ThisworkfollowstheinauguralAIAgentIndexfromCasperetal.[

22

].Concurrently,thePrincetonHolisticAgenticLeaderboardproject[

67

]curatesevaluationsofagenticAIsystemsacross9benchmarks,

andAIAgentL

[

4

]maintainsalistofover600“agentic”AIsystemsandproducts.Otherworkshavestudiedagentsbybenchmarkingtheircapabilitiesoneconomicallyvaluabletasks[

86

,

99

,

126

],strivingtoincreasevisibilityintotheiroperation[

24

,

25

,

28

,

93

,

136

],andstudyingtheirimplicationsforeconomicsandgovernance[

59

,

68

,

71

,

72

,

106

].

DocumentationFrameworks:Aimingtofacilitateresearchandoversight[

133

],anumberofframeworkshavebeendevelopedtodocumentthefeaturesofAIsystems,theresourcesusedtobuildthem,andthecontextsinwhichtheyaredeployed.Theseincludedatasheets[

50

],modelcards[

91

],systemcards[

58

],factsheets[

9

],AInutritionfacts[

122

],rewardreports[

53

],ecosystemgraphs[

21

],dataprovenancecards[

78

],evalcards[

39

],auditcards[

117

],usagecards[

128

],andsafetycases[

30

].Inaddition,severaldatabaseshavebeencreatedtocollectinformationregardingcontemporaryAIsystemsandtheirreal-worldimpacts,suchastheFoundationModelTransparencyIndex[

19

,

20

,

129

],theAIIncidentDatabase[

87

],theAISafetyIndex[

47

],andtheAIRiskRepository[

114

].However,asidefromtheagentcardsintroducedhereandintheinauguralAIAgentIndex[

22

],therearenocomparableframeworksfordocumentingagenticAIsystems.

The2025AIAgentIndex4

Impact

(anyrequired)

Publicinterest

Marketsignificance

Developersignificance

A(alli)

Autonomy

Goalcomplexity

Env.interaction

Generality

Pr(lii)ty

Publicavailability

Deployability

Generalpurpose

CandidateAgentSystem

Includedin

Index

Fig.2.InclusioncriteriaforIndex.Candidateagentsflowthroughthreecriteriacategoriesfromlefttoright.Systemsmustsatisfyallagencycriteria,atleastoneimpactcriterion,andallpracticalitycriteria.SeeSection

3.1

fordetailsofeachcriterion.

3Constructingthe2025AIAgentIndex

Weconstructedthe2025AIAgentIndexthroughsystematicselectionandannotationofdeployedagenticsystems.Thissectiondescribesourinclusioncriteria,emphasizingbothagencyandreal-worldimpact,thescopeofindexedsystems,andourannotationmethodology.

3.1Inclusioncriteriaforagents

TodeterminewhetherasystemisincludedintheIndex,weuseasetofcriteriaforasystem’sagency,itsimpact,anditspracticalitytoindex.Tobeincluded,systemsmustsatisfyallagencycriteria,atleastoneimpactcriterion,andallpracticalitycriteria.AllcriteriawereevaluatedasoftheIndex’scutofdateofDecember31,2025.

Agencycriteria(allrequiredforinclusion).Ratherthanproposinganewdefinitionofagency,wedrawonpriorliteratureandfollowtheapproachesdevelopedbyChanetal.[

26

],KasirzadehandGabriel[

68

],andFengetal.

[

43

],whichcharacterizeAIagentsassystemsthatexhibit,tosomesignificantdegree,acombinationofthefollowingproperties.Forour“agency”criteriontobemet,allfourofthefollowingmustbesatisfied:

(1)Autonomy.Includedagentsmustbeabletooperatewithminimalhumanoversightandmakeconsequentialdecisionswithoutcontinuoususerinput[

26

,

68

].Fengetal.[

43

]conceptualizeautonomyasaspectrum characterizedbytheuser’srole:operator,collaborator,consultant,approver,orobserver.Werequireatleast intermediateautonomy:“theAIsystemcanperformthemajorityoftasksindependently,thoughitstillreliesuponinputfromtheprincipalforcriticaldeterminations”[

68

].ThiscorrespondstoautonomyLevel2(L2):“userandagentcollaborativelyplan,delegate,andexecute”fromFengetal.[

43

].

(2)Goalcomplexity.Includedagentsmustbeabletopursuehigh-levelobjectives(e.g.,“makemoney”)throughlong-termplanning,breakingdowncomplexgoalsintosubgoals,andmakingtemporallydependentdecisions[

27

,

68

].Inpractice,weoperationalizethisasanagentbeingreliablycapableofatleastthreeautonomoustoolcallsandhigh-leveltaskspecificationwithoutstep-by-stepinstructions.

(3)Environmentalinteraction.IncludedagentsmustbeabletodirectlyinteractwiththeworldthroughtoolsandAPIs,creatingsubstantialchangesintheirenvironment[

27

,

68

],ratherthanmerelyconversingwithusers.Inpractice,thisrequireswriteaccesstoacomputerandtheabilitytochoosetools.

(4)Generality.Includedagentsmustbeabletohandleunder-specifiedinstructionsandadapttonewtasks,demonstratingversatilityacrossrelatedtasksratherthansinglenarrowfunctions[

27

,

68

].

Impactcriteria(anyrequiredforinclusion).Tofocusonagentswithsignificantreal-worldinfluence,atleastoneofthefollowingmustbesatisfied:

The2025AIAgentIndex5

(1)Publicinterest.Substantialsearchvolumeofatleast10,000searchesorGitHubstarsforopen-sourceprojectsofatleast20,000intotal.

2

(2)Marketsignificance.Thedeveloperhasamarketcapitalizationorvaluation≥$1billionUSD.Todeterminethis,wecollecteddatafromstockexchanges,Crunchbase,andEpochAI.

(3)Developersignificance.Thedeveloperisamemberofthe2024FoundationModelTransparencyIndex[

19

],FrontierModelForum[

46

],orasignatoryoftheFrontierAISafetyCommitments[

2

]orArtificialIntelligenceSafetyCommitments[

29

].

Practicality(allrequiredforinclusion).Toensureanalysisreflectsdeployedsystemsaccessibleforevaluation,allthreeofthefollowingcriteriamustbesatisfied.

(1)Publicavailability.Includedagentsmustbeapubliclyaccessibleproduct.Thisexcludescompany-internalproductsorlimitedpre-releases.Wedeterminedthisbasedonlyonpubliclyavailableinformation,suchasblogposts,documents,ordemos.

(2)Deployability.Includedagentsmustbeabletoperformtasksoftheshelfwithminimalconfigurationandnosoftwareengineeringexpertise.Thisdistinguishesready-to-useagentsfromdevelopmentframeworks.

(3)Generalpurpose.Includedagentsmustbecapableofperforminggeneral-purposetasksinpractice,regardlessofhowtheyareadvertised.Thisexcludesdomain-specificagents(e.g.,coding-onlyorlegalanalysisagents).ClaudeCodeandsimilartools,thoughadvertisedascodingagents,areincludedinsofarastheycanperformgeneral-purposetasksthroughcode.Thiscriterionisincludedtoreducethescopetothoseagentswiththebroadestimpact.

3.2WhatdoestheIndexinclude?

Weidentifythreedistincttypesofagents,eachwithdiferentinterfaces.Wedivideagentsintothesethreecategoriesbasedonhowusersprimarilyinteractwithandoperatethem.

3

Thesediferentmodalitiespresentdistincttechnicalarchitecturesandgovernancechallenges.

•Chatapplicationswithagentictools(12systems).Thiscategoryprimarilyincludeschatinterfaceswithextensivetoolaccess.Thisincludesgeneral-purposecodingagents(ClaudeCode)thatoperatethroughterminalinterfaceswithbroadcapabilities,butexcludesnarrowcoding-onlyagents(GitHubCopilot).Examples:ManusAI,ChatGPTAgent,ClaudeCode.

•Browser-based·agents·(5systems).Theseareagentswhoseprimaryinterfaceisbrowserorcomputeruse,withextensivebrowser/computerinteractiontools.Theyaredistinctfromchatagentswithwebsearchcapabilities(ChatGPTwebsearch,Claudewebsearch),whichprimarilyperformretrievalandsummarization.Browser-basedagentspresenthigherrisksthroughbackgroundexecution,eventtriggers,anddirecttransactions.Wealsoincludesystem-basedagentsthatrundirectlyonmobileordesktopdevicesinthiscategory.Examples:PerplexityComet,ChatGPTAtlas,ByteDanceAgentTARS.

•Enterpriseworkflowagents(13systems).Thesearebusinessmanagementplatformswithagenticfeaturesaimedatreliablyautomatingbusinesstasks.Typicallyimplementedasworkflowbuilderswithagenticactionswithinnodes.Examples:MicrosoftCopilotStudio,ServiceNowAgent.

2ThisusesGooglesearchnumberestimatesacrossthetopfivekeywordsfor2025.Weusethe“historical_volume”fieldofthe

AhrefsAPI

asthedatasource.Limitation:Agentsembeddedinbroaderproductsmaynotbesearchedbytheirspecificagentname.SeeSection

C

formitigations.Enterpriseagentstypicallyhavelowersearchvolumethanend-userproducts.

3Thesecategoriesarenotgenerallyexhaustivebutrepresentthecommoninteractiontypesacrossthe30identifiedagents.

The2025AIAgentIndex6

3.3Howwereagentsidentified?

LLM-basedresearchqueriessurfaced95candidateagents(seeSection

B.5

fordetails).Thesewerescreenedagainstourinclusioncriteria.Ambiguouscaseswereincludedforin-depthannotation,withfinalinclusiondecisionsmadeafterfullevaluation.WeconsultedtwoChineseecosystemexpertstomitigatelinguisticorecosystem-relatedblindspots.Wealsocross-referencedourlistofcandidateagentsagainstthe2024Index[

22

],thePrincetonHolisticAgentLeaderboard[

67

],

andAIAgentL

[

4

].Finally,recognizingthepossibilitythatwemayhavemissedanagentthatmeetsourinclusioncriteria,wehaveestablishedastructuredprocessforfacilitatingfurthercorrectionstotheIndex.Thesecanbesubmittedat

/feedback

.

Forcompaniesoferingbothof-the-shelfagentsandcustomagentbuilderstargetingcomparableusecases,wecombinedtheseintoasinglelistinganddocumentedthemostcapableagentsthatuserscouldcreateordeploythrougheitherofering.Wedidnotcombineoferingswhentheytargeteddiferentaudiences(e.g.,consumer-facingchatagentsversusenterpriseagentbuilders).

3.4Howwereagentsannotated?

Weannotatedagentswithinformationacrosssixcategories:productoverview(releasedate,pricing,description),company&accountability(developerentity,governancedocuments,contactmechanisms),technicalcapabilities(models,tools,architecture,memory),autonomy&control(autonomylevels,approvalrequirements,monitoring,emergencystops),ecosysteminteraction(identificationprotocols,interoperabilitystandards,webconduct),safety&evaluation(guardrails,sandboxing,evaluations,third-partytesting,compliance).Thisresultedinatotalof45fieldsofinformationpersystem.SeeSection

B.2

forafulllistofall45.Wefurtherincludetheinclusioncriteria(searchvolume,marketcapitalization).Thesecategoriesexpandeduponthe2024Index[

22

]andwererevisedthroughdiscussionwithsubject-matterexperts.SeeSection

B.3

forafullaccountofthisyear’sfieldscomparedtothe2024Index’s.

Weannotatedonlypublicinformationfromdocumentation,websites,demos,publishedpapers,andgovernancedocuments.Wedidnotperformexperimentaltesting(e.g.,probingagentbehaviororrunningbenchmarks).SeeSection

A

forthefulllistofsourcesused.AllwebsourceslinkedintheIndexwerearchived.Whenpossible,wecreatedaccountsanduseddemostoexploreagentinterfacesdirectly.

Sevensubjectmatterexperts(thepaper’sauthors)annotatedagentsaccordingtocategory.Toensureconsistency,expertswereeachresponsibleforspecificfieldsratherthanspecificagents.Annotationsemphasizedobject-levelfindingsoverinterpretationsandfocusedexclusivelyonagent-specificfeaturesratherthanunderlyingmodelproperties.Forplatformscreatingagents,annotationsassessedthemostcapableversionofeachagentthatcouldbereadilyconfigured,documentingcapabilities,limitations,anddefaultconfigurations.“Nonefound”indicateswefoundnopublicinformation;“None”indicatesconfirmedabsence;“Notapplicable”indicatesirrelevanceoffieldtothisagent.

Annotationsfolloweddetailedprotocolsdevelopediterativelythroughcalibrationexercises;seeSection

B.4

.Inter-annotatorconsistencywasmaintainedthroughprotocolrevisionsandcross-validation.Allannotationswereindependentlyreviewedbyatleastoneotherannotator.37outof1,350fieldswithdiscrepancieswereresolvedthroughdiscussion.Finally,weusedGPT-5.2withwebsearchtoscreenannotationsforpotentialinaccuracies;seeSection

B.6

.

The2025AIAgentIndex7

AnthropicClaudeAnthropicClaudeCod..GoogleGemini

GoogleGeminiCLIKimiOKComputerManusAI

MiniMaxAgent OpenAIChatGPTOpenAIChatGPTAgentOpenAICodex

Perplexity

Z.ai

AutoGLM2.0 AlibabaMobileAgentByteDanceAgentTARS..OpenAIChatGPTAtlas

OperaNeonPerplexityCometBrowserUse

GleanAgentsGoogleGeminiEnterp..HubspotBreezeStudi..IBMwatsonxOrchestr..MicrosoftCopilotSt..

OpenAIAgentKitSAPJouleStudio/A..SalesforceAgentforc..ServiceNowAIAgentsWRITERActionAgentZapierAIAgents

n8nAgents

AnnotationFieldsbyCategory

AgenticSystemsbyCategory

ChatBrowserEnterprise

InclusionProductCompanyTechnicalAutonomyEcosystemSafety

Searchvolum..

Marketcap/v..

Githubstars..

Importantde..

NameofAgen..

Shortdescri..

Dateofrele..

Advertisedu..

Monetisation..

Whoisusing..

Website

Category

Developer

Nameoflega..

Placeofleg..

Forprofitc..

Parentcompa..

Governanced..

AIsafety/tr..

Compliancew..

Modelspecif..

Documention

Observation..

Actionspace

Memoryarchi..

Userinterfa..

Userroles

Componentac..

Autonomylev..

Userapprova..

Executionmo..

Emergencyst..

Usagemonito..

Identifyto..

Identifiest..

Interoperabi..

Webconduct

Technicalgu..

Sandboxinga..

Whattypeso..

(Internal)s..

Third-party..

Benchmarkpe..

Bugbountyp..

Anyknownin..

None/Nonefound

Brief(1-10)

Moderate(10-50)

Detailed(50+)

Fig.3.For198outof1350fields,wewereunabletofindanyinformation(gray).Thisismostcommoninthe“EcosystemInteraction”and“Safety,Evaluation,andImpact”categories.Non-emptyinformationfieldsare14wordslongonaverage.

Companieswerecontactedandgivenfourweekstocorrectannotations.23%oferedsomeformofresponseatthetimeofpublication,butonly4/30withsubstantivecomments.

4

TheircommentshavebeenincorporatedintothefinalIndex.Anongoingcorrectionformremainsavailableforupdatesvia

/feedback

.

4Findings

Wepresentfindingsfromthe2025AIAgentIndexacrosssixcategories:productoverview,companyandaccountability,technicalcapabilitiesandsystemarchitecture,autonomyandcontrol,ecosysteminteraction,andsafety,evaluation,andimpact.Figure

3

showsthefullIndexwithannotationsforall30agents.Werevealpatternsinhowagentsaredeployed,governed,anddocumented,alongsidesignificanttransparencygapsaroundsafety,evaluationpractices,andecosysteminteraction.SeeSection

A

fordetailsonaccessingthefullIndex.

4.1ProductOverview

Mostagentswerereleasedin2024-2025,indicatingarecentsurgeinagentdeployment.24/30agentswerereleasedorreceivedmajoragenticfeatureupdatesduringthisperiod,withearliersystemslikeChatGPT(2022)andPerplexity(2022)addingagenticcapabilitieslater.Whiletheunderlyingmodels(suchasGPT-4)areolder,agentsmeetingourinclusioncriteriaareemergingatanincreasingrate,withasurgeofreleasesinlate2024and2025(seeFigures

9

and

10

).Thisseparatescapability(frontiermodels)fromproductization(agenticscafolding).

Chatinterfacesarethemostabundant,followedcloselybyenterpriseworkflowplatforms.12/30agentsuseconversationalchatinterfaces,13/30areenterpriseautomationplatforms,and5/30arebrowser-basedagentsfocusedonGraphicalUserInterface(GUI)operation.Notably,ChineseGUIagentsaremorecommonlydesignedwithphone-useandcomputer-usecapabilities(3/5).

Advertisedusecasesclusteraroundthreethemesthatcutacrossagentcategories.Researchandinforma-tionsynthesisappearsin12/30agentsspanningbothconsumerchatassistantsandenterpriseplatforms.Workflow

4Theseresponserateswerelowerthanforthe2024Index

[22

],whichweattributetohowthe2024Indexusedbroaderinclusioncriteria,whichincludedanumberofagentscreatedbyacademicresearchgroupswhohadahighresponserate.

The2025AIAgentIndex8

CaymanIslandNorway

Germany

UnitedStates

Chin

s

1

1

2

5

a

21

(a)ThemajorityofcompaniesareincorporatedintheU