人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking

UNIT4SectionI

◎夯基提能作业

一、语言基础训练

I.单词拼写

1.Theteachersareenlhusiastic（热情的）andhaveasenseofpurpose.

2.BlackcoffeeleavesabiIter（味苦的）tasleinthemouth.

3.Thekitchencupboard（$W）wasstockedwithtinsofsoup.

4.Theylookedwithenvy（羡慕）alherlatestpurchase.

5.1heldmybreathandsank（下沉）underthewater.

6.Themathteacherassigned（布置）usalotofhomework.

7.Snowforcedmanydriverstoabandon（舍弃）theirvehicles.

8.Hetreatedyouverynicelyandactedlikeadecent（正派的）guy.

9.Sheresolved（决定）toreportthemattertothehospital'snursingmanager.

1（）.Thismedalismadeofgenuine（真正的）gold.

IL单句语法填空

1.Youdon'tsoundveryenthusiasticabouttheidea.

2.Thecaptainassignedtwosoldierstoguard（guard）thegate.

3.一Ienvyyouforyourjob.

-Buttobehonest,it'snotthejobI'vealwaysdreamtabout.

4.Theenemyshipwassunk（sink）byashell.

5.Finally,weendedupinanabandoned（abandon）village.

6.Wehadresolvedonmaking（make）anearlystart.

7.Pleaseturntothepoliceforhelpwhenyouareindanger.

8.Heheldontotherocktostophimselfslipping.

9.Hereturnedhome,onlytofindhishousebroken（break）into.

10.Hespokerathertooquicklyformetounderstand.

HI.选词填空

fullofvigour,bestuckin,dreamof,setoff,turnback,

keepup,turndown,afterall

1.Shehasturneddownseveralinvitationstostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonher

studies.

2.Nowadaysmanyyoungpeopledreamofmakingafortuneinbigcities.

3.Inmanyplaces,peopleliketosetofffirecrackersandputupspringcoupletsonthedoor.

4.MyfriendandIwalkedasfarasthelakeandthenwemadeupourmindstoturnback.

5.IwasthirtyminuteslateforthemeetingbecauseIwasstuckintraffic.

6.Facedwithchallenges,you'dbetterkeepupagoodstateofmind.

7.Idon'tknowwhyyouaresoconcerned-itisn'tyourproblemafterall.

8.Youngpeople,fullofvigourandvitality,arelikethesunateightornineinthemorning.

二、培优提升训练

I.阅读理解

（2023•东北育才学校高二月考）

JimThorpeisoneofthegreatestathletesofalllime.Hehadamazingathleticabilitiesandwas

well-knownduringhislifetime,yetthatdidnotmakeThorpeastrangertoadversity.

ThorpewasanAmericanIndianfromOklahomawhodevelopedhisextraordinaryathleticskills

inhisyouththroughhardlabor.Itwasalsoinhisyouththathelearnedtoendurehardshipbrought

uponbyracialprejudice.Manywouldsayhischildhoodwasnoteasy.Hegrewuppoorandatage9

histwinbrotherpassedawayandafewyearslaterhelostbothofhisparents.

Butthatdidnotstophimfromdoingwhathelovedandpursuinghisdreams.Nothingseemedto

slophim,notevenstolenshoes.JusthoursbeforeThorpewasgoingtocompeteinthe1912

Olympics,somebodystolehisshoes.Thorpeimprovised（临时拼凑）bygettingshoesoutofthe

garbage.Theshoesweretwodifferentsizes.Heworeanextrapairofsocksononefoottoeventhem

out.

Hestillwentontowintwogoldmedals-winningeacheventhecompetedinexceptforone,

thejavelin（标枪）.Thejavelinwastheonlyeventhedidn'twin,probablybecausehehadnever

competedinthateventbefore.ItisinterestingtonotethatThorpehadtriedtothrowthejavelinonce

beforeintheOlympictrials.Atthetime,hedidn'tknowthathecouldthrowitwitharunningstart.

Hethrewitstandingstillandwasplacedsecond.

AttheOlympics,healsotookpartinthedecathlon（十项全能运动）.Hefinishedfirstintwo

events,thirdinfourevents,andfourthintwomore.Thorpeendedupfinishingthirdintheworld.He

wasundoubtedlyadominatingforcethatcouldn*tbestoppedandjustkeptongoing.

IthinkPaulDughisaiditbest,"It'shardtoimaginenowthatproathletesgetpaidmillionsof

dollarsjusttowearaparticularbrandofshoes.ForJimThorpe,itdidn'tmatterwhatkindhewore.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了美国印第安人吉姆・索普坎坷的人生经历和他作为

运动员所取得的骄人成绩。

1.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1mean?D

A.TheadversityThorpemetwithledtohissuccess.

B.Thorpe'ssuccesswasnoguaranteeofabetterlife.

C.Thorpe'scareerbroughthimbothgainsandlosses.

D.Thorpesufferedmanyhardshipsdespitehissuccess.

解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，吉姆・索普经历了很多苦难，幼年时双胞胎兄

弟过世，随后父母双亡，青年时又困扰于种族偏见带来的磨难；以及画线句前面的yet表转折

意义，可知，画线部分的意思是虽然索普后来有所成就，但却经历了很多苦难。故选D。

2.WhydidThorpewearmoresocksononefoot?B

A.Topreventthefootfrominjury.

B.Tomaketheshoefitthefoot.

C.Tostoptheshoefrombeingstolen.

D.Toshowhisproblem-solvingskills.

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“Theshoesweretwodifferentsizes.Heworeanextrapair

ofsocksononefoottoeventhemout.（鞋子有两个不同的尺寸，他一只脚上多穿了一双袜子来平

衡。）”可知，两只鞋大小不一，因此索普多穿袜子就是为了让鞋合脚。故选B。

3.WhatmostlikelyledtoThorpe'sfailuretowinthejavelin?C

A.Lossofhisownsportsshoes.

B.Acasualattitudetowardstheevent.

C.Lackofexperienceintheevent.

D.Ashortageoftalentfortheevent.

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“...becausehehadnevercompetedinthateventbefore...（因

为地以前从未参加过那个项目）”可知，他没有参加过标枪比赛，因此比赛经脸不足最可能是

他失利的原因。故选C。

4.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeJimThorpe?C

A.Loyalandenthusiastic.

B.Genuineandcreative.

C.Toughandstrong-minded.

D.Selflessandgood-tempered.

解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的叙述可知，吉姆嗦普成长过程中经历过很多苦难，这

很大程度上塑造了他坚韧不拔的性格。第三段的"Butthatdidnotstophimfromdoingwhathe

lovedandpursuinghisdreams.Nothingseemedtostophim,notevenstolenshoes.（但这并没有阻止

他去做他喜欢的事情，去追求他的梦想。似乎没有什么能阻止他，甚至是被偷的鞋子。）”正

是对他坚韧不拔性格的刻画，由此可知，tough（坚韧的）和strong-minded（意志坚定的）是对他

最准确的描述。故选C。

II.七选五

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

（2023•辽宁省鞍山市高二月考）

Ifyouhavetoattendapartyorothersocialeventswherealotofpeoplewillbepresent,doyou

feelconfidentthatyouwillimpressothers?LAInanycase,youshouldincreaseyour

confidencealsocialevents.

Wheneveryouaremeetingnewpeopleatanysocialevent,youshouldwearproperclothes.2.G

Ifeveryoneelseiswearingbusinessclothes,youshould,too.Youshouldwearinformalclothesso

thatyoucanfitin,iftheeventisinformal.

Ifyouarcgoingtomeetpeoplefromacertainbusinessorprofession,trylookingthroughafew

professionalmagazinesorcheckingontheInternetaheadoftimetogetsomeconversationideasthat

arerelatedtotheirfieldsofinterest.3.F

Whenyouarcattheevent,don'tworryaboutwhetherornototherpeopleyouarctalkingwith

likeyou.Instead,tryyourbesttofindreasonstolikethem.Whenyouareholdingaconversationwith

people,besuretokeepgoodeyecontact,andmakeyourfacialexpressionsoft.4.BLetyourface

andbodyrelaxsothatyoucanmakenaturalgestures.

Aftertheeventisover,takeabitoftimetothinkofyoursocialperformanceandthe

conversationyouhadwithpeople.5.DForexample,perhapsyoumadeabigefforttoreallylisten

tothepeopleyouweretalkingwith,oryoumayhaveaskedseveralpeoplesomegoodquestionsthat

reallygotthemtalking.Bydoingso,yourconversationconfidencewillgraduallyimprove.

A.Ordoyoufeelshy?

B.Nodtoshowyou'relistening.

C.Keepintouchwiththepeopleyouhavemet.

D.Tellyourselfexactlywhatyoudidverywellattheevent.

E.Youshouldlearnhowtoavoidmakingmistakesatsocialevent.

F.Thiscanpreventyoufromgettingtongue-tied（结结巴巴的）attheevent.

G.Beforeyouattendtheevent,trytofindouthowotherpeoplewillbedressing.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种能帮助你在社交场合增加自信心的方

法以及活动前、活动中应该做的事情。

解析：

1.上文udoyoufeelconfidentthatyouwillimpressothers?（你有信心给别人留下深刻印象

吗？）”作者对在社交场合中，读者会产生的心理状况提出问题，下文“Inanycase（无论如何）”

可知，作者提出的问题不止一个，而且有可能问题的内容在一定程度上会有矛盾，表示相反相

对。A项（或者你会害羞吗？）符合文意，且“害羞”和“有信心”在一定意义上为矛盾关系。

故选Ao

2.设空处前一句（无论何时你在任何社交活动中遇到新朋友，你都应该穿合适的衣服。）

提示本段内容与穿着有关；设空处后一句（如果其他人都穿商务装，你也应该这样。）教会读者

借鉴其他人的穿着。G项（在你参加活动之前，试着弄清楚其他人会怎么穿。）包含otherpeople

和dressing两个关键词。故选G。

3.上文作者告诉读者可以提前了解一些话题，以便加入到对话当中。F项（这可以防止你

在活动中结结巴巴。）符合文意，总结上文，即了解了话题就不会结巴。故选F。

4.上文“makeyourfacialexpressionsoft（面部表情要柔和）”提到面部表情，下文“make

naturalgestures（做出自然的手势）”提到肢体动作，所以这一段主要讲的是非语言交际。B项（点

头表示你在倾听。）中的“点头”为肢体动作。故选B。

5.下文作者为了证明自己的观点而举的例子，所以空处需要填总结性的观点句。结合文

意可知，例子讲述的是“你”在社交活动上与人交谈的过程中所做出的努力及反思，所以D

项（确切地告诉自己在活动中哪点做得最好°）符合文意，为反思总结。故选D。

HI.语法填空

根据短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

（2023•山东聊城一中校联考一模）

Someteensconsiderhighschooltobeterrible,takinguptheirtimeandloadingthemwithmany

endless1.responsibilities（responsibility）;however,forteenswhocanseethebiggerpicture,

theycanappreciate2.whyhighschoolissoimportantandhowtomakethemostofit.Thetime

3.spent(spend)inhighschoolcanbeviewedasthefinal“incubation(孵化)period”inwhich

teenscanlearn,explore,andprepareforthefuture4.higher(high)education,professionalcareer,

andadulthoodthatistofollow.Highschoolistheperfectopportunity5.tofigure(figure)out

yourstrengthsandinterestsandsetyourselfupforafutureofsuccess,forthosewhousetheirtime

wisely.

Highschoolisvaluableformanyreasons,but6.Drimarily(primary),thisisthelast

lowstakestimeinaperson'slifewhentheycanlearn,andexploreinavarietyofsubjectsand

activities,prior7.tosteppingintotherealworld.Inhighschool,studentscanattempt8.an

activityorasubjectanddeterminethatitisn'ttheirfavorite;however,onceastudentispursuinga

majorincollegeorprofessionalcareer,9.deciding(decide)thetopicorindustrynolongerof

interesthasgreaterconsequences.

Additionally,thehighschoolpreparesstudentsinareasfarbeyondtheclassroomcurriculum.

Highschoolhelpsteachstudentstoresearch,listen,collaborate,lead,belO.creative(create)and

innovative,andputforthconsistentandprolongedtime,effort,andhardworkintoactivities,classes,

andsubjectsthatmatter.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了高中阶段的重要性以及高中生应如何充分

利用它。

解析：

1.考查名词复数。句意：一些青少年认为高中很糟糕，它占用了他们的时间，让他们承

担了许多没完没了的责任。形容词endless后接可数名词的复数形式。故填responsibilities。

2.考查宾语从句。句意：然而，对于能够看到大局的青少年来说，他们可以理解为什么

高中如此重要以及如何充分利用它。分析句子可知，从句缺少原因状语，用连接副词why引

导宾语从句。故填why。

3.考查非谓语动词。句意：在高中度过的时