英语四级试题拍照

英语四级试题拍照

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopicTheImpactofSocialMediaonInterpersonalCommunication.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.---PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Theconceptofa"smartcity"isgainingtractionworldwide.Itreferstoanurbanareathatusesdifferenttypesofelectronicmethodsandsensorsto___1___data.Insightsgainedfromthatdataareusedtomanageassets,resourcesandservices___2___;inreturn,thatdataisusedtoimprovetheoperationsacrossthecity.Thisincludesdatacollectedfromcitizens,devices,buildingsandassetsthatisthenprocessedandanalyzedtomonitorandmanagetrafficandtransportationsystems,powerplants,watersupplynetworks,waste___3___,informationsystems,schools,libraries,hospitals,andothercommunityservices.Thesmartcityconcept___4___theideaoftheInternetofThings(IoT)intothemanagementofthecity.Thegoalofbuildingasmartcityistoimprovethe___5___oflifeforitscitizensbyusingtechnologytoenhancetheperformanceofurbanservices,reducecostsandresource___6___,andengagemoreeffectivelywiththepublic.However,___7___tothewidespreadbenefits,therearesignificantchallenges.Theseincludeprivacy___8___regardingthecollectionanduseofpersonaldata,thehigh___9___ofimplementingandmaintainingthetechnology,andtheriskofcreatingadigital___10___betweenthosewhohaveaccesstotechnologyandthosewhodonot.WordBank:A)concernsB)consumptionC)costD)dataE)despiteF)digitalG)divideH)efficientlyI)integratesJ)managementK)qualityL)collectM)privacyN)publicO)security---SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbytenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.ThePowerofHabit[A]Habits,scientistssay,emergebecausethebrainisconstantlylookingforwaystosaveeffort.Lefttoitsowndevices,thebrainwilltrytomakealmostanyroutineintoahabit,becausehabitsallowourmindstorampdownmoreoften.Thiseffort-savinginstinctisahugeadvantage.Anefficientbrainrequireslessroom,whichmakesforasmallerhead,whichmakeschildbirtheasierandthereforecausesfewerinfantandmotherdeaths.Abrainthatcangointoautomaticmodeallowsustostopthinkingconstantlyaboutbasicbehaviors,suchaswalkingandchoosingwhattoeat,sowecandevotementalenergytoinventingspears,irrigationsystems,and,eventually,airplanesandvideogames.[B]However,savingmentaleffortistrickybecauseifourbrainspowerdownatthewrongmoment,wemightfailtonoticesomethingimportant,likeapredatorhidinginthebushesoraspeedingcaraswecrossthestreet.So,thebrainhasevolvedacleversystemtodeterminewhentoletahabittakeover.It'ssomethingthathappensinapartofthebraincalledthebasalganglia.Thebasalgangliaiscentraltorecallingpatternsandactingonthem.Itstoreshabitsevenwhiletherestofthebraingoestosleep.[C]Atthecoreofeveryhabitisaneurologicalloopconsistingofthreeparts:acue,aroutine,andareward.Thecueisatriggerthattellsyourbraintogointoautomaticmodeandwhichhabittouse.Theroutinecanbephysical,mental,oremotional.Therewardiswhathelpsyourbrainfigureoutifthisparticularloopisworthrememberingforthefuture.Overtime,thisloop—cue,routine,reward;cue,routine,reward—becomesmoreandmoreautomatic.Thecueandrewardbecomeintertwineduntilapowerfulsenseofanticipationandcravingemerges.Eventually,ahabitisborn.[D]Understandingthisloopisthekeytochanginghabits.Youcannevertrulyextinguishbadhabits.Rather,tochangeahabit,youmustkeeptheoldcueanddelivertheoldreward,butinsertanewroutine.Thisistherule:ifyouusethesamecueandprovidethesamereward,youcanshifttheroutineandchangethehabit.Almostanybehaviorcanbetransformedifthecueandrewardstaythesame.[E]Forexample,let'ssayyouhaveahabitofeatingacookieeveryafternoonatwork.Thecuemightbeadropinenergy(afeelingofboredomorfatigue).Theroutineisgoingtothecafeteria,buyingacookie,andeatingit.Therewardisabriefenergyboostandamomentofdistraction.Tochangethishabit,youwouldneedtoidentifythecueandthereward.Then,experimentwithdifferentroutinesthatdeliverthesamereward.Perhaps,insteadofacookie,youcouldtakeashortwalkaroundtheblock.Thewalkprovidesasimilarenergyboostanddistraction,effectivelyreplacingtheoldroutinewithanew,healthierone.11.Thebrain'stendencytoformhabitsisanevolutionaryadvantagethathelpedhumanancestorssurvive.12.Thebasalgangliaplaysacrucialroleinstoringandactivatinghabitualbehaviors.13.Ahabitisformedwhentheneurologicalloopofcue,routine,andrewardbecomesautomatic.14.Theprimarypurposeforthebraintocreatehabitsistoconservementaleffort.15.Tosuccessfullychangeanunwantedhabit,onemustaltertheroutinewhilekeepingtheoriginalcueandreward.16.Thebrainhasaspecificmechanismtodecidewhenhabitualbehaviorshouldbeactivatedtoavoiddanger.17.Anexampleofchangingahabitinvolvesreplacinganafternooncookiewithashortwalktoachieveasimilarreward.18.Thecueinahabitloopsignalsthebraintoinitiateaspecificautomaticbehavior.19.Theprocessofhabitformationinvolvesthedevelopmentofacravinglinkedtothecueandreward.20.Evenduringsleep,thebrainregionresponsibleforhabitsremainsactiveinstoringthem.---SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Intherealmofeducation,thedebatebetweentraditionalclassroomlearningandonlinelearninghasintensifiedinrecentyears.Proponentsofonlinelearninghighlightitsflexibilityandaccessibility.Studentscanlearnattheirownpace,revisitchallengingmaterial,andaccesscoursesfromprestigiousinstitutionsregardlessofgeographicallocation.Thisdemocratizationofeducationisparticularlybeneficialfornon-traditionalstudents,suchasworkingadultsorthosewithfamilycommitments.However,criticsarguethatonlinelearninglackstheinterpersonaldynamicsofaphysicalclassroom.Thespontaneousdiscussions,groupprojects,anddirectmentorshipfromteachersaredifficulttoreplicatevirtually.Theseinteractionsarecrucialfordevelopingcriticalthinking,communicationskills,andemotionalintelligence.Furthermore,onlinelearningrequiresahighdegreeofself-disciplineandmotivation,whichnotallstudentspossess.Theabsenceofastructuredenvironmentandpeerpressurecanleadtoprocrastinationandhigherdropoutrates.Ablendedapproach,combiningthebestofbothworlds,isgainingpopularity.Thismodelincorporatesonlinematerialsandlectureswithin-personsessionsfordiscussionandhands-onactivities.Itallowsforflexibilitywhilepreservingtheessentialsocialandcollaborativeaspectsoflearning.Thefuturelikelyliesnotinchoosingoneovertheother,butinthoughtfullyintegratingbothmethodstocatertodiverselearningstylesandobjectives.21.Whatisonemajoradvantageofonlinelearningmentionedinthepassage?A)Itoffersmorespontaneousdiscussions.B)Itprovidesbetterdirectmentorship.C)Itallowslearningatone'sownpace.D)Itensureslowerdropoutrates.22.Accordingtocritics,whatisasignificantdrawbackofonlineeducation?A)Itistooexpensiveformostpeople.B)Itlacksface-to-faceinteraction.C)Itscoursematerialsareoftenoutdated.D)Itisonlysuitableforyoungstudents.23.Theword"democratization"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto________.A)simplificationB)popularizationC)makingsomethingaccessibletoallD)makingsomethingmorechallenging24.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouttheblendedlearningapproach?A)Itisexpectedtocompletelyreplacetraditionalclassrooms.B)Iteliminatestheneedforstudentself-discipline.C)Itcombinesonlineandin-personelements.D)Itisonlyeffectiveforteachingtechnicalskills.25.Whatistheauthor'soverallviewonthefutureofeducationmethods?A)Traditionalclassroomswillbecomeobsolete.B)Onlinelearningwilldominateduetoitsefficiency.C)Ahybridmodelthatintegratesbothmethodsispromising.D)Thedebatewillremainunresolvedindefinitely.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thephenomenonof"urbanheatislands"referstometropolitanareasthataresignificantlywarmerthantheirsurroundingruralareas.Thetemperaturedifferenceisusuallylargeratnightthanduringthedayandismostapparentwhenwindsareweak.Themaincausesofurbanheatislandsaremodificationsoflandsurfacesthroughurbandevelopmentandwasteheatgeneratedbyenergyusage.Ascitiesdevelop,vegetationisoftenreplacedbyasphaltandconcreteforroads,buildings,andotherstructures.Thesematerialshavesignificantlydifferentthermalpropertiesthannaturallandscapes.Theyabsorbandstoreheatfromthesunduringthedayandreleaseitslowlyatnight,leadingtohighernighttimetemperatures.Furthermore,thetallbuildingsandnarrowstreetsofurbancanyonscantrapheatandblockcoolingwinds.Thewasteheatfromvehicles,airconditioning,andindustrialprocessesaddstothethermalload.Thiseffectisexacerbatedbyreducedevaporationincitiesbecausethereislessvegetationandsoiltoabsorbmoisture.Thecombinedeffectofthesefactorscanincreasecitytemperaturesbyupto5°Ccomparedtosurroundingareas.Urbanheatislandshavemultipleconsequences.Theycanincreaseenergyconsumptionduetogreaterdemandforairconditioning,elevateemissionsofairpollutantsandgreenhousegases,andimpairwaterqualityaswarmerrunoffflowsintostreams.Moreover,highertemperaturescanposeserioushealthrisks,particularlyheat-relatedillnessesandmortalityamongvulnerablepopulationsliketheelderly.26.Whatisan"urbanheatisland"?A)Apopulartouristspotinacity.B)Anareainacitywithmoreparks.C)Acityareamuchwarmerthannearbyruralareas.D)Anislandwhereurbanplanningexperimentsareconducted.27.Accordingtothepassage,whenisthetemperaturedifferencebetweenurbanandruralareastypicallygreatest?A)Atnoononasunnyday.B)Duringtheeveningwhenwindsarestrong.C)Atnightwhenwindsareweak.D)Intheearlymorningwithheavyfog.28.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseofurbanheatislands?A)Wasteheatfromenergyusage.B)Replacementofvegetationwithconstructionmaterials.C)Increasedevaporationfromurbansoil.D)Thethermalpropertiesofasphaltandconcrete.29.Howcanurbanheatislandsaffectwaterquality?A)Byincreasingthesaltcontentofurbanwatersupplies.B)Bycausingwarmerrunofftoflowintostreams.C)Byreducingtheamountofrainfallincities.D)Bypromotingthegrowthofbeneficialalgae.30.Whatisadirecthealthimpactofurbanheatislands?A)Increasedriskofwaterbornediseases.B)Higherratesofheat-relatedillnesses.C)Morefrequentrespiratoryinfectionsfrompollution.D)Greaterincidenceoftrafficaccidents.---PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.中国书法（calligraphy）是一门独特的艺术，是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。中国书法艺术的形成、发展与汉字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。汉字在漫长的演变过程中，不仅起着思想交流、文化传承的重要作用，而且本身还形成了一种独特的艺术形式。书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。---PartIVVocabularyandGrammar(20minutes)Directions:CompletethefollowingsentencesbyselectingthebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).31.Ifhe__________harder,hewouldhavepassedtheexamlastsemester.A)studiedB)hadstudiedC)hasstudiedD)wouldstudy32.Thenewpolicyaimsto__________thegapbetweentherichandthepoor.A)breakdownB)turndownC)narrowdownD)cutdown33.Itisessentialthatallapplications__________submittedbeforethedeadline.A)areB)beC)mustbeD)willbe34.Sheisoneofthosepeoplewho__________alwaysreadytohelpothers.A)isB)areC)wasD)were35.Notuntilyesterday__________theimportanceoftheproject.A)herealizedB)didherealizeC)hedidrealizeD)realizedhe36.Thecompanyislookingforcandidateswithexperience,__________isclearlystatedinthejobadvertisement.A)thatB)whichC)whatD)who37.Bythetimeyouarrive,we__________dinner.A)willhaveB)willhavehadC)havehadD)had38.__________theheavyrain,thefootballmatchproceededasscheduled.A)DespiteofB)InspiteC)AlthoughD)Despite39.Ican'tfindmykeys.I__________themintheoffice.A)mustleaveB)shouldhaveleftC)musthaveleftD)oughttoleave40.Thebook__________Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinformative.A)whoB)whomC)fromwhichD)which---AnswerKeyPartIWriting(SampleEssay)Socialmediahasprofoundlyreshapedthelandscapeofinterpersonalcommunication.Ontheonehand,ithasmadeconnectingwithothersmoreconvenientandinstantaneous.Peoplecanmaintainrelationshipsacrossgreatdistances,sharelifeupdateseffortlessly,andevenforgenewfriendshipsbasedoncommoninterests.PlatformslikeWeChatandFacebookhavebrokendowngeographicalbarriers,fosteringasenseofglobalcommunity.Ontheotherhand,thisdigitalinteractionoftencomesatthecostofdepthandquality.Face-to-faceconversations,richwithnonverbalcuesliketoneandbodylanguage,arebeingreplacedbytextmessagesandemojis,whichcanleadtomisunderstandings.Furthermore,theconstantexposuretocuratedonlinepersonascancreateunrealisticexpectationsandincreasefeelingsofsocialisolationandanxietyinreallife.Inconclusion,whilesocialmediaisapowerfultoolformaintainingconnections,itiscrucialt