英语四级试题出题时间

英语四级试题出题时间

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofdevelopinggoodreadinghabits.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Therapidadvancementoftechnologyhasprofoundlytransformedthewayweliveandwork.Oneofthemostsignificantchangesistheriseofremotework.Withhigh-speedinternetandcollaborativesoftware,employeescannowperformtheirdutiesfromvirtuallyanywhere.Thisshiftoffersnumerous1.______,suchasgreaterflexibility,reducedcommutingtime,andabetterwork-lifebalanceformany.Companiesalsobenefitfrom2.______awidertalentpool,nolonger3.______bygeographicalboundaries.However,thisnewmodeofworkisnotwithoutchallenges.Someemployeesreportfeelingsofisolationandablurringofthelinebetweenprofessionalandpersonallife.Managersmustfindnewwaystomaintainteam4.______andmonitorproductivity5.______.Furthermore,ensuringdatasecurityoutsidethetraditionaloffice6.______becomesacriticalconcern.Aswemoveforward,itisclearthatbothorganizationsandindividualsneedto7.______tothisevolvinglandscape.Developingclearpolicies,fosteringcommunication,andutilizingtechnology8.______willbekeytoharnessingthefullpotentialofremoteworkwhile9.______itspotentialdownsides.Thefutureofworkislikelytobeahybridmodel,10.______thebestaspectsofbothremoteandin-officearrangements.A)adaptingB)advantagesC)effectivelyD)environmentE)exclusivelyF)mitigatingG)necessarilyH)obstaclesI)objectivelyJ)restrictedK)cohesionL)accessingM)combiningN)reluctantO)tremendousSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forcenturies,philosophersandscientistshavedebatedthenatureofconsciousness—thesubjectiveexperienceofbeingandtheworld.Whatmakesitparticularlypuzzlingisthatitseemstoarisefromthephysicalmatterofthebrain,yetfeelsentirelynon-physical.Modernneurosciencehasmadestridesinidentifyingtheneuralcorrelatesofconsciousness(NCC),theminimalsetofbraineventssufficientforaspecificconsciousexperience.OneprominenttheoryistheGlobalWorkspaceTheory(GWT).Itproposesthatconsciousnessariseswheninformationisbroadcastwidelyacrossthebrain,accessingvariousspecializedmoduleslikethoseformemory,attention,andlanguage.Thinkofitasastage:onlytheinformationthatentersthisglobal"workspace"becomesconscious,allowingittobesharedandprocessedbymultiplebrainsystems.Thistheoryexplainswhyweareonlyconsciousofalimitedamountofinformationatanygivenmoment—thestagehaslimitedcapacity.Anotherapproach,IntegratedInformationTheory(IIT),startsfromconsciousnessitselfandworksbackwardtodeducethepropertiesaphysicalsystemmusthavetoproduceit.IITarguesthatconsciousnesscorrespondstotheamountof"integratedinformation"asystempossesses.Themoreinterconnectedanddifferentiatedthesystem'spartsare,thehigheritslevelofconsciousness.AccordingtoIIT,evensimplesystemsmightpossessatinyamountofconsciousness,aviewthatiscontroversial.Despitethesetheories,the"hardproblem"ofconsciousness—whyandhowphysicalprocessesinthebraingiverisetosubjectiveexperiences—remainsunsolved.IdentifyingNCCstellsuswhichbrainareasareactivewhenweareconsciousofsomething,butitdoesn'texplainwhysuchactivityfeelslikeanythingatall.Thisgapbetweenobjectivemeasurementandsubjectiveexperienceisattheheartoftheongoingmystery.11.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A)Toprovethatconsciousnessisapurelyphysicalphenomenon.B)Tocompareandcontrasttwomajortheoriesofconsciousness.C)Toarguethatthe"hardproblem"ofconsciousnessisunsolvable.D)Toexplainwhyneurosciencehasfailedtounderstandconsciousness.12.AccordingtotheGlobalWorkspaceTheory,consciousnessoccurswheninformationis______.A)processedbyasingle,highlyspecializedbrainmoduleB)storedinlong-termmemoryforfutureretrievalC)broadcastwidelytodifferentpartsofthebrainD)isolatedfromotherbrainactivitiestoavoidinterference13.WhatdoestheIntegratedInformationTheory(IIT)suggestaboutsimplesystems?A)Theycannotprocessanyinformation.B)Theymighthaveaminimaldegreeofconsciousness.C)Theyarethefoundationofcomplexconsciousness.D)Theyoperateindependentlyofphysicallaws.14.Whatisthe"hardproblem"ofconsciousnessasmentionedinthepassage?A)Thedifficultyinmeasuringbrainactivityaccurately.B)Thechallengeofintegratinginformationfromdifferentsenses.C)Thequestionofwhybrainactivityisaccompaniedbysubjectiveexperience.D)Theproblemoflocatingthespecificbrainregionresponsibleforconsciousness.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A)Theneuralcorrelatesofconsciousnessfullyexplainsubjectiveexperience.B)Themysteryofconsciousnessmightbesolvedcompletelyinthenearfuture.C)Thereisafundamentalgapinexplaininghowobjectiveprocessescreatesubjectivefeelings.D)Subjectiveexperiencecannowbemeasuredwithadvancedscientificinstruments.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inaneraofconstantconnectivity,theconceptof"digitaldetox"—takingabreakfromelectronicdevices—hasgainedpopularity.Proponentsarguethatsteppingawayfromscreenscanreducestress,improvesleep,andenhancereal-worldrelationships.Theconstantnotifications,socialmediacomparisons,andinformationoverloadarecitedassourcesofanxietyandfragmentedattention.Researchsupportssomeoftheseclaims.Studieshaveshownthatthebluelightemittedbyscreenscaninterferewithmelatoninproduction,disruptingsleeppatterns.Furthermore,excessivesocialmediausehasbeenlinkedtoincreasedfeelingsoflonelinessanddepressioninsomeindividuals,particularlywhenitreplacesface-to-faceinteraction.Thedesignofmanyappsandplatforms,whichoftenemployvariablerewards(like"likes"andnotifications),cantriggerdopaminereleasesandcreatehabitsborderingonaddiction.However,criticsofthedigitaldetoxmovementpointoutitspotentialprivilegeandimpracticality.Formany,digitaldevicesareessentialtoolsforwork,education,andstayingconnectedwithfamily,especiallyoverlongdistances.Acompletedisconnectisnotfeasible.Moreover,technologyitselfisnotinherentlyharmful;itishowweuseitthatmatters.Insteadofperiodicdrasticdetoxes,someexpertsadvocatefordevelopingamoremindfulandintentionalrelationshipwithtechnology.Thisinvolvessettingboundaries,suchasdesignatedscreen-freetimesorzones,turningoffnon-essentialnotifications,andbeingconsciousofone'semotionalstatewhilebrowsing.Ultimately,thegoalisnottovilifytechnologybuttoregainasenseofcontrol.Balanceiskey.Justaswemaintainabalanceddietforphysicalhealth,cultivatingbalanceddigitalhabitsiscrucialformentalwell-beinginthe21stcentury.16.Whatistheprimaryreasonsomepeopleadvocatefora"digitaldetox"?A)Tosavemoneyondigitalsubscriptions.B)Toavoidthehealthrisksofbluelightexposure.C)Tomitigatestressandimprovepersonalwell-being.D)Toincreaseproductivitybyusingoldermethods.17.Accordingtothepassage,whatisaspecificphysiologicaleffectofscreenusementioned?A)Itincreasesmelatoninproduction.B)Itcandisruptsleeppatterns.C)Itpermanentlydamageseyesight.D)Itreducesdopaminelevelsinthebrain.18.Whatisacriticismleveledagainstthedigitaldetoxmovement?A)Itisbasedoninsufficientscientificresearch.B)Itisoftenimpossibleandprivilegedtosuggestafulldisconnect.C)Itleadstoincreasedsocialisolationinthelongrun.D)Itignoresthebenefitsofbluelightforalertness.19.Whatalternativeapproachdosomeexpertsrecommendinsteadofperiodicdetoxes?A)Abandoningallsocialmediaplatformspermanently.B)Usingonlyoldermodelsofphonesandcomputers.C)Developingamindfulandintentionaluseoftechnology.D)Relyingsolelyonface-to-facecommunication.20.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Digitaldevicesareharmfulandshouldbeusedaslittleaspossible.B)Adigitaldetoxisanecessaryyearlyritualforeveryone.C)Whilebreaksfromtechnologycanbebeneficial,cultivatingabalancedrelationshipwithitismoresustainable.D)Technologyistheprimarycauseofmodernmentalhealthissues.PassageThreeQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thehumblebicycle,inventedinthe19thcentury,isexperiencingarenaissanceinthe21stcenturyascitiesworldwidegrapplewithcongestion,pollution,andpublichealthconcerns.Urbanplannersareincreasinglypromotingcyclingnotjustasaleisureactivity,butasalegitimateandefficientmodeofdailytransport.Thebenefitsaremultifaceted.Fromanenvironmentalperspective,bicyclesproducezeroemissions,contributingtocleanerairandreducedgreenhousegasemissions.Economically,cyclinginfrastructure—suchasdedicatedlanesandparking—isfarcheapertobuildandmaintainthanroadsforcars.Forindividuals,cyclingofferssignificanthealthadvantages,providingregularcardiovascularexercisethatcanreducetheriskofchronicdiseases.Italsooftenprovesfasterthancarsforshorturbantripsduringpeakhours.However,transformingacar-centriccityintoabike-friendlyoneischallenging.Itrequiressignificantinvestmentinsafe,connectedinfrastructure.Withoutprotectedlanes,cyclistsfeelvulnerablesharingroadswithmotorvehicles,whichisamajordeterrent.Culturalattitudesalsoplayarole;inmanyplaces,cyclingisstillnotviewedasa"serious"modeoftransportforprofessionals.Weatherconditionsandtopographycanbeadditionalbarriers.Despitethesehurdles,successfulcasestudieslikeCopenhagenandAmsterdamdemonstratethatwithstrongpoliticalwillandthoughtfuldesign,cyclingcanbecomethenorm.Thesecitiesshowthatwhencyclingismadesafe,convenient,andintegratedintothepublictransportnetwork,alargeproportionofcitizenswillinglychoosetwowheelsoverfour.Thebicycle,therefore,ismorethanjustavehicle;itisakeycomponentinbuildingsustainable,livable,andhealthyurbanfutures.21.Whatisthemainreasonfortherenewedfocusonbicyclesasurbantransport?A)Theirvalueasacollector'sitemhasincreased.B)Citiesarefacingproblemsliketrafficjamsandairpollution.C)Newmaterialshavemadebicyclesmuchlighterandfaster.D)Thereisashortageoffossilfuelsforcars.22.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasabenefitofcycling?A)Improvingpersonalhealth.B)Savingmoneyoninfrastructure.C)Creatingjobopportunitiesinmanufacturing.D)Reducingenvironmentalpollution.23.Whatisamajorobstacletomakingacitybike-friendly?A)Thehighcostofpurchasingabicycle.B)Thelackofsafeanddedicatedcyclinginfrastructure.C)Thedecliningpopularityofcyclingamongyoungpeople.D)Thelimitedspeedofbicyclescomparedtocars.24.WhatdoCopenhagenandAmsterdamexemplifyaccordingtothepassage?A)Citieswithperfectweatherforcyclingyear-round.B)Thatcyclingcanbecomeamainstreamtransportmodewithproperplanning.C)Thatcyclingisonlysuitableforflatcities.D)Thefailureofcar-centricurbanmodels.25.Whatistheauthor'soverallattitudetowardspromotingurbancycling?A)Skepticalanddismissive.B)Objectiveandanalytical.C)Enthusiasticandpromotional.D)Nostalgicandsentimental.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.中国书法（calligraphy）是一门独特的艺术形式，拥有数千年的历史。它不仅仅是书写文字，更是一种表达情感和个性的方式。书法家使用毛笔、墨和纸，通过笔画的粗细、力度和节奏来创造美。练习书法需要极大的耐心和专注，被认为是一种修身养性的方法。如今，尽管数字技术日益普及，中国书法仍然受到许多人的喜爱和推崇，被视为中华文化的重要象征。PartIV(Note:Asperyourrequest,thelisteningcomprehensionsectionisomitted.AstandardCET-4paperwouldhavealisteningsectionhere,butitisreplacedtomeetyourrequirementofnolisteningquestions.)Answers:PartIWriting(Amodelessayisprovidedforreference.)Developinggoodreadinghabitsisofparamountimportanceinbothpersonalgrowthandacademicsuccess.Firstly,consistentreadingsignificantlyexpandsourknowledgebaseandvocabulary,allowingustounderstandcomplexideasandexpressourselvesmoreeffectively.Itopenswindowstodifferentcultures,histories,andperspectives,fosteringempathyandcriticalthinking.Secondly,inanageofdigitaldistractions,thefocusedattentionrequiredfordeepreadingstrengthensourconcentrationandimprovescognitiveabilities.Unlikethefragmentedinformationonline,booksofferstructurednarrativesandin-depthanalysis.Moreover,readingservesasahealthyescape,reducingstressandenhancingmentalwell-being.Therefore,cultivatingahabitofreadingregularly,whetherfictionornon-fiction,isaninvaluableinvestmentthatenrichesourmindsandlives.PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.B)advantages2.L)accessing3.J)restricted4.K)cohesion5.I)objectively6.D)environment7.A)adapting8.C)effectively9.F)mitigating10.M)combiningSectionBPassageOne11.B)Tocompareandcontrasttwomajortheor