自动化测试实战项目开发可落地教程

自动化测试实战项目开发可落地教程一、项目整体介绍项目名称电商平台自动化测试实战项目测试目标接口自动化：用户登录、商品列表、商品详情、加入购物车UI自动化：登录功能、搜索商品、加入购物车流程生成美观的Allure测试报告支持配置文件、日志、数据驱动、失败重跑技术栈语言：Python3.8+接口：requestsUI：selenium+webdriver-manager测试框架：pytest报告：allure-pytest工具：yaml配置、excel/json数据驱动二、项目目录结构（企业标准）plaintextauto_test_project/├──config/#配置文件│└──config.yaml#域名、账号、超时、路径配置├──data/#测试数据│└──test_data.json├──logs/#日志输出├──report/#Allure报告├──test_case/#测试用例│├──api/#接口测试用例│└──ui/#UI测试用例├──utils/#工具类│├──logger.py#日志工具│├──config_util.py#读取配置│├──request_util.py#请求封装│└──driver_util.py#WebDriver封装├──conftest.py#pytest钩子├──pytest.ini#pytest配置└──requirements.txt#依赖包三、快速搭建环境1.创建项目并安装依赖requirements.txtplaintextpytest>=7.0requests>=2.31selenium>=4.10webdriver-manager>=4.0allure-pytest>=2.13pyyaml>=6.0pytest-rerunfailures>=1.1pytest-html>=3.2安装命令：bash运行pipinstall-rrequirements.txt2.安装Allure（生成漂亮报告）Windows：下载解压+配置环境变量Mac：brewinstallallure四、核心工具类封装（直接复制）1.config/config.yamlyamlapi:base_url:""timeout:10ui:base_url:""browser:chromeimplicitly_wait:10user:username:"testuser"password:"123456"2.utils/config_util.pypython运行importyamlimportosclassConfigUtil:def__init__(self):path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),"../config/config.yaml")withopen(path,"r",encoding="utf-8")asf:self.data=yaml.safe_load(f)defget_api_url(self):returnself.data["api"]["base_url"]defget_ui_url(self):returnself.data["ui"]["base_url"]defget_user(self):returnself.data["user"]config=ConfigUtil()3.utils/logger.pypython运行importloggingimportosfromdatetimeimportdatetimeclassLogger:def__init__(self):self.logger=logging.getLogger()self.logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)self.logger.handlers.clear()#日志路径log_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),"../logs")ifnotos.path.exists(log_path):os.mkdir(log_path)#文件log_file=datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")+".log"file_path=os.path.join(log_path,log_file)#处理器fh=logging.FileHandler(file_path,encoding="utf-8")ch=logging.StreamHandler()#格式formatter=logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s-%(levelname)s-%(message)s")fh.setFormatter(formatter)ch.setFormatter(formatter)self.logger.addHandler(fh)self.logger.addHandler(ch)log=Logger().logger4.utils/request_util.pypython运行importrequestsfromutils.config_utilimportconfigfromutils.loggerimportlogclassRequestUtil:def__init__(self):self.base_url=config.get_api_url()defsend(self,method,url,data=None,json=None,headers=None):url=self.base_url+url(f"请求：{method}{url}")try:resp=requests.request(method,url,data=data,json=json,headers=headers,timeout=10)(f"响应：{resp.status_code}-{resp.text}")returnrespexceptExceptionase:log.error(f"请求失败：{e}")returnNonerequest=RequestUtil()5.utils/driver_util.pypython运行fromseleniumimportwebdriverfromselenium.webdriver.chrome.serviceimportServicefromwebdriver_manager.chromeimportChromeDriverManagerfromutils.config_utilimportconfigclassDriverUtil:driver=None@classmethoddefget_driver(cls):ifcls.driverisNone:cls.driver=webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()))cls.driver.maximize_window()cls.driver.implicitly_wait(config.data["ui"]["implicitly_wait"])cls.driver.get(config.get_ui_url())returncls.driver@classmethoddefquit_driver(cls):ifcls.driver:cls.driver.quit()cls.driver=None五、接口自动化实战（可直接运行）test_case/api/test_user_api.pypython运行importpytestfromutils.request_utilimportrequestfromutils.config_utilimportconfigclassTestUserApi:deftest_login(self):"""用户登录接口"""user=config.get_user()data={"username":user["username"],"password":user["password"]}resp=request.send("post","/user/login",json=data)assertresp.status_code==200assertresp.json()["code"]==0deftest_product_list(self):"""商品列表接口"""resp=request.send("get","/product/list")assertresp.status_code==200assertlen(resp.json()["data"])>0六、UI自动化实战test_case/ui/test_login_ui.pypython运行importpytestfrommon.byimportByfromutils.driver_utilimportDriverUtilfromutils.config_utilimportconfigclassTestLoginUI:defsetup_class(self):self.driver=DriverUtil.get_driver()defteardown_class(self):DriverUtil.quit_driver()deftest_login_success(self):"""UI登录成功"""user=config.get_user()self.driver.find_element(By.ID,"username").send_keys(user["username"])self.driver.find_element(By.ID,"password").send_keys(user["password"])self.driver.find_element(By.ID,"loginBtn").click()#断言登录后跳转或欢迎词assert"首页"inself.driver.title七、conftest.py（全局钩子）python运行importpytestfromutils.driver_utilimportDriverUtil@pytest.fixture(scope="session",au