【2026中考二轮复习 语法基础】代词

ENGLISH人教2026中考二轮复习语法基础代词考点一

人称代词、物主代词、反身代词1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词考点精讲类别数人称

人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves2.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的用法分类用法示例人称代词主格在句中作主语,通常位于动词前SheoftenhelpsmewithEnglish.人称代词宾格在句中通常作动词或介词的宾语,也可以作系动词的表语①Thisismymother,andIloveherverymuch.②Giveittohim,please!③—Whoisthebabyinthephoto?

—It’sme.物主代词形容词性物主代词作定语,修饰名词Thisismybackpack.名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词①Mybagisyellow.Hersisredandyoursispink.②Thisbookisn’tmine.③Ilostmywallet,andshealsolosthers.反身代词反身代词表示和主语是同一人或事物在句中不能单独作主语,只能作宾语、表语或同位语Hefelldownandhurthimself.3.反身代词的固定搭配learnbyoneself自学teachoneself自学enjoyoneself玩得高兴dressoneself(自己)穿衣

helponeselfto自取…… hurtoneself伤到某人自己keep…tooneself对……保密

byoneself独自考点二

指示代词1.指示代词代词用法示例this/these指代较近的人或物,或指下文将要提到的事情·Thesearemyfriends.这些是我的朋友。·Pleaserememberthis:Nopain,nogain.请记住这点:不劳无获。that/those指代较远的人或物,或指前面提到过的东西·Thosearemyteachers.那些是我的老师。·I’msorrytohearthat.听到那个我很难过。2.it的常见用法类别用法例句作形式主语①It’s+adj.+of/forsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事是怎么样的。②Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.做某事花费某人多长时间。③It’s+adj.+that从句Itisimportantforustolistencarefullyinclass.Itusuallytakesme10minutestogettoschoolbybus.It’sexcitingthatwewinthegame.作形式宾语常用在动词believe,find,think,make,consider,feel等词后,如believeit+adj.+todosth.相信做某事是怎么样的Shefindsitdifficulttolearnanewlanguage.考点三

不定代词1.常用的不定代词(1)some与any不定代词用法辨析some多用于肯定句中,还可用于表示建议、请求或希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中,意为“一些”any多用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中(2)(a)few与(a)little不定代词用法辨析few修饰可数名词复数表示否定意义,意为“几乎没有”little修饰不可数名词afew修饰可数名词复数表示肯定意义,意为“几个;少许”alittle修饰不可数名词(3)many与much不定代词用法辨析相同点many修饰可数名词复数,意为“许多”many,much都可以和副词so,too,how等连用much修饰不可数名词,意为“许多”(4)each与every不定代词用法辨析相同点each强调个体可构成“eachof+名词/代词”结构表示“每个;各个”every强调整体,不能与of连用,只能用作定语修饰单数可数名词(5)both,all,either,neither与none不定代词用法辨析相同点both表示“两者都”,常见搭配both…and…,表示“……和……都”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式①both,all,either,neither,none均可加“of+名词/代词复数”;②“both/all+of+名词/代词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;all表示“三者及三者以上都”either表示“两者中任一”,either…or…表示“或者……或者……”,作主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则neither表示“两者都不”;neither…nor…表示“既不……也不……”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则③“either+of+名词/代词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;④“neither/none+of+名词/代词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式均可none表示“三者及三者以上都不”(6)other,theother,others,theothers与another不定代词含义用法辨析other表示“别的;其他的”,不能单独使用,后面常接可数名词复数·HestudiesEnglish,mathandsomeothersubjects.他学习英语、数学和一些别的科目。theother特指“两者中的另一个”;也可指“剩余的”,后接可数名词复数·Oneofthetwinslikesapples,andtheotherlikesoranges.这对双胞胎中的一个喜欢苹果,另一个喜欢橙子。(两者中的另一个)others泛指“别人;别的东西”,相当于“other+复数名词”,故其后不能接名词。其常与some构成“some…others…”结构,意为“一些……另一些……”·Somestudentsaredancing,andothersaresinging.一些学生在跳舞,另一些在唱歌。theothers特指剩余的人或物,相当于“theother+复数名词”,表示一定范围内剩下的全部·Fivestudentsaredancing,andtheothersaresinging.五个学生在跳舞,剩下的在唱歌。another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一个,一般和可数名词单数连用,用作形容词或代词oneanother=eachother互相2.复合不定代词(1)常见的复合不定代词

前缀后缀

some-(肯定)any-(否定/肯定)every-(肯定)no-(否定)-one(指人)someone某人anyone任何人everyone每人noone没有人-body(指人)somebody某人anybody任何人everybody每人nobody没有人-thing(指物)something某事anything任何事Everything每一件事Nothing没有东西(2)复合不定代词的用法:①复合不定代词作主语时,都看作单数,其谓语动词用单数形式。Someoneisknockingatthedoor.有人在敲门。②当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,要置于不定代词之后。Ihavesomethingelsetotellyou.我还有别的事情要告诉你。③在表示请求、邀请、建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句和希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中,常用something,someone,somebody等复合不定代词;any-类复合不定代词用于肯定句时,表示“任何……”之意。—Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?你要吃些东西吗?—AnythingisOK.什么都行。④复合不定代词的常用句型:a.Thereissomethingwrongwith…意为“……出问题了”b.…hassomething/nothingtodowith…意为“……与……有/无关”c.sb.candonothingbut…意为“某人除了……,别的什么都不能做”考点四

疑问代词常见疑问代词及用法疑问代词用法who“谁(主格)”,用于询问人,在句中作主语、宾语或表语whom“谁(宾格)”,用于询问人,在句中作宾语whose“谁的”,用于询问所属关系,在句中作定语或表语what“什么”,用于询问事件、物品、职业等,在句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语which“哪一个”,指在一定范围内的人或物,在句中作主语、定语或宾语命题方向1人称代词、物主代词与反身代词1.(2025·丽水市庆元县、龙泉市一模第62题)________(它的)purposeistocollectunsoldfoodfromrestaurantsandsenditforfreetofoodkitchen.

2.(2025·丽水市庆元县、龙泉市一模第73题)Itonlytakes_____(we)ashorttimetobenddownandpickupapieceofrubbish.

考点精练

Its

us

3.I’veimprovedalotsinceMissLitaught_____(I)English.

4.Toby’sbikeisquitenicebutIprefer______(my).

5.Thestudentsrelaxed____________(they)afterthefinalexam.

6.Thekidistooyoungtodress_________(she).

7.Mybooksareonthedesk.Iwonderwhere_______(your)are?

me

mine

themselves

herself

yours

8.LittleTomhurt_________(he)whilehavingP.E.class.

9.Help____________(you)tosomecake,FrankandPeter.

10.Mr.Smithshowedanicephotoofhisdaughterto_____(I).

himself

yourselves

me

命题方向2不定代词11.Thedoctorkeptonworkingalthoughheknewtherewas___________wrongwithhisheart.

12.Kevinboughtsomegiftsforhisfamilybut_________forhimself.

13.Theclassroomwasemptyand___________wasontheplayground.

14.Alexdidbestinthegame.________elsedidbetter.

15._________isawasteifyouhaveacreativemind.

something

nothing

everybody

Nobody

Nothing

16.Whenyouhearthewordhero,youmaythinkof_________likeTuYouyou.

17.Therearesomestoreson________sideofthestreet.

18.______ofmyparentsareteachers.Theyworkreallyhard.

19.Therewasaterriblecaraccidentinthecity.Luckily,______ofthepassengerswerebadlyhurt.

20.Ihavehadafewsleepless________(night)recentlybecauseoftoomuchpressurefromwork.

someone

either

Both

none

nights

命题方向3指示代词和疑问代词21.Doyouknow______thepopulationofShanghaiis?

22.ThisisBill.Is______Robertspeaking?

23.—_______isthisbike?

—ItmaybeJohn’s.24.Ifind_____difficulttolearnmathwell.

25._____isimportanttomastersomelivingskills.

26.Therewereafewyoungmenandsomeold______inthehouse.

what

that

Whose

it

It

ones

27.Mary’shandwritingisfarbetterthan______ofPeter’s.

28.TelevisionsetsmadeinShanghaiarejustasgoodas_______madeinJapan.

29._______coatdoyoulike,thebrownoneortheblackone?

30.Iwonder______lifewaslikehereinthepast.

that

those

Which

what

(一)1.It’samazingthatmostcountrieshave_______(they)ownsignlanguages.

2.Thetownisgettingmoreandmorebeautifulwithmanyflowerson______sidesofthestreets.

3.Thecatlayonthesofa,washing________(it).

考点整合训练

their

both

itself

4.Thelightwentoutsuddenly.Itwasverydarkand_________couldbeseenclearly.

5.Youhavejustreadthenewspapertoday.Didyoufind_______interestinginit?

6.Thisrichwomanhastwosons,but_________ofthemliveswithher.

7._____isnecessarytowearahelmet(头盔)whenweareridingabicycletoensureoursafety.

nothing

anything

neither

It

8.—Wherewouldyouliketogotomorrow,HuangguoshuWaterfallorLoongPalace?—________isOKforme.It’suptoyou.

9.ThoughIfailedalot______(many)timesthanIsucceeded,Iknowalotfromthefailure.

10.Thereissomethingwrongwithmycomputer.CouldIuse_______(you)?

Either

more

yours

(二)

Isawsomethingterrible!Icouldn’tjuststandthereanddo1._________whilethewatercontinuedtorise.Itriedshouting,butmycriesfellondeafears.Peopleinofficesandhomesjustfocusedon2._______computerscreens.Asthewatermade3._____wayintopeople’srooms,pouringontotheircomputers,panicfinallysetin.Peoplestartedtonoticetheflood,realizingthatitwashappeningrightinfrontoftheireyes.However,by

nothing

their

its

then4._____wastoolate.Thedamagehadbeendone.

Suddenly,Iawokefrommydream,finding5.________inthesafetyofmyownroom,withwaterfloodingaround.

it

myself

Passage1(2025·嘉兴市一模词汇运用(A)改编)nothing

he

this

it

himselfLuBanwasamastercraftsman(工匠)inancientChina.Oncewhenhewasbuildingapalace,heneededalotofwood.But1._____wasslowtocutthewood.Hethoughthardabouthow2._____couldmaketheworkfaster.Oneday,综合提能

it

he

hepickedupsomegrassandfeltpaininhishand.Ithadtiny,sharpteeth.Thisgavehimanidea.“Icanmakeatoollike3.________!”hethoughtto4.___________.Aftermanytries,hefinallymadeatoolwithteeth—asaw.Itworkedwellandmadecuttingwoodmucheasier.ThankstoLuBa