新疆坎儿井英语四级试题

新疆坎儿井英语四级试题

PartIReadingComprehension(40points)SectionA(10points)Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbank.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.TheKarez(坎儿井)systemisanancientirrigationmethod___1___intheXinjiangregionofChina.Thisremarkableengineeringachievement,datingbackover2,000years,___2___undergroundchannelstobringwaterfrommountainsourcestoaridfarmlandandcommunities.Thesystemconsistsofwells,undergroundcanals,andsmallreservoirs,alldesignedtominimize___3___intheharshdesertclimate.Historically,theKarezsystemplayedacrucialrolein___4___agriculturaldevelopmentandsustainingsettlementsalongtheSilkRoad.Itallowedcropssuchasgrapes,cotton,andwheatto___5___inanotherwisedrylandscape.TheconstructionandmaintenanceoftheKarezrequired___6___knowledgeofgeographyandhydrology,aswellassignificantcommunitycooperation.Today,manyKarezwellsarestillinuse,thoughsomehavefalleninto___7___duetomodernpumpingtechnologyandreducedwaterflow.Effortsarebeingmadeto___8___andprotectthisculturalheritage,asitrepresentsnotonlyanengineeringmarvelbutalsoatestamenttohuman___9___inchallengingenvironments.TheKarezsystemisasymbolofsustainablewatermanagement,offering___10___lessonsforcontemporarysocietiesfacingwaterscarcity.WordBank:A)preserveB)evaporationC)locatedD)adaptE)involvesF)flourishG)promotingH)valuableI)ingenuityJ)disrepairK)utilizingL)extensiveM)declineN)primarilyO)traditionalSectionB(30points)Directions:Therearethreepassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheSilkRoadwasnotmerelyatraderoute;itwasabridgeforculturalexchangebetweentheEastandtheWest.Forcenturies,merchants,travelers,andscholarstraversedthisnetwork,carryinggoods,ideas,religions,andtechnologiesacrosscontinents.ThemovementofpeoplealongtheseroutesfacilitatedthespreadofBuddhismfromIndiatoChina,andlater,IslamintoCentralAsia.Theexchangewasnotone-directional.Papermaking,printing,gunpowder,andthecompass—oftencalledtheFourGreatInventionsofancientChina—reachedEuropeviatheSilkRoad,profoundlyinfluencingglobalhistory.Similarly,goodssuchasglassware,woolentextiles,andpreciousmetalsflowedeastward.Thisinteractionalsoleftarichlegacyofartandarchitecture.TheMogaoCavesinDunhuang,withtheirstunningBuddhistmuralsandsculptures,standasatestamenttotheblendingofartisticstylesfromdifferentcultures.TheSilkRoad’sdeclinebeganwiththeriseofmaritimetradeinthe15thcentury,yetitsimpactonworldcivilizationremainsundeniable.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)TheSilkRoadwasprimarilyatraderouteforphysicalgoods.B)TheSilkRoad’smajorimpactwasthespreadofreligions.C)TheSilkRoadservedasacomprehensivechannelforbidirectionalculturalexchange.D)TheSilkRoaddeclinedduetopoliticalconflicts.12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasanitemspreadviatheSilkRoad?A)BuddhismB)PapermakingC)WoolentextilesD)Porcelain-makingtechniques13.WhatdoestheMogaoCavesexampleillustrate?A)ThereligiousconflictsalongtheSilkRoad.B)TheartisticfusionresultingfromSilkRoadexchanges.C)ThetechnologicaladvancesinancientChina.D)ThedeclineofBuddhistartinCentralAsia.14.Accordingtothepassage,whatcausedthedeclineoftheSilkRoad?A)ThespreadofdiseasesB)TheriseofseatradeC)PoliticalinstabilityinCentralAsiaD)Naturalclimatechange15.Theword“traversed”inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto________.A)avoidedB)traveledacrossC)constructedD)demolishedPassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Climatechangeposesasignificantthreattoglobalfoodsecurity,particularlyinaridregionslikeNorthwestChina.Risingtemperatures,changingprecipitationpatterns,andincreasedfrequencyofextremeweathereventsdirectlyaffectcropyieldsandwateravailability.InXinjiang,agricultureheavilydependsonirrigationsystemssuchastheKarez,whicharevulnerabletoreducedsnowmeltandgroundwaterdepletion.Adaptationstrategiesareessential.Theseincludedevelopingdrought-resistantcropvarieties,improvingwater-useefficiencythroughmodernirrigationtechnologies,andrestoringtraditionalwatermanagementsystemsliketheKarez.Additionally,policymakersareexploringcropdiversificationandadjustingplantingschedulestoalignwithshiftingclimateconditions.However,adaptationaloneisinsufficientwithoutglobaleffortstomitigateclimatechange.Reducinggreenhousegasemissionsiscrucialtoslowtherateofwarmingandstabilizeagriculturalconditions.Internationalcooperation,technologytransfer,andfinancialsupporttovulnerableregionsarekeycomponentsofaneffectiveresponse.16.WhatistheprimaryconcernregardingagricultureinXinjiangaccordingtothepassage?A)LackofmodernfarmingequipmentB)OverrelianceontraditionalcropsC)VulnerabilitytoclimatechangeimpactsD)Shortageofagriculturallabor17.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasanadaptationstrategy?A)ExpandingfarmlandintodesertareasB)ReplacingalltraditionalirrigationwithmodernsystemsC)DevelopingcropsthatrequirelesswaterD)Reducingthevarietyofcropsgrown18.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttraditionalsystemsliketheKarez?A)Theyareobsoleteandshouldbeabandoned.B)Theyareimmunetoclimatechangeeffects.C)Theymaybepartofadaptationeffortsthroughrestoration.D)Theyarethemaincauseofwaterdepletion.19.Whatisnecessaryalongsideadaptation,accordingtotheauthor?A)CompleterelocationoffarmingcommunitiesB)GlobalmeasurestoreducegreenhousegasesC)StrictlimitsoninternationaltradeD)Increaseduseoffossilfuelsforenergy20.Theword“mitigate”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto________.A)worsenB)alleviateC)ignoreD)analyzePassageThreeQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Languagepreservationisacriticalissueinourglobalizedworld.ManyminoritylanguagesareatriskofextinctionasdominantlanguageslikeEnglish,Mandarin,orSpanishbecomemoreprevalentineducation,business,andmedia.Whenalanguagedisappears,auniqueculturalperspective,history,andknowledgesystemareoftenlostforever.InChina,effortsareunderwaytoprotectlinguisticdiversity.Forinstance,inXinjiang,severallanguagesanddialects,includingUyghur,Kazakh,andKyrgyz,areusedinlocaladministration,education,andbroadcastingalongsideMandarin.Bilingualeducationprogramsaimtohelpstudentsmasterboththeirnativetongueandthenationallanguage,promotingculturalpridewhileensuringsocialmobility.Technologyalsooffersnewtoolsforpreservation.Digitalarchives,onlinedictionaries,andsocialmediaplatformsallowcommunitiestorecord,teach,andrevitalizetheirlanguages.However,theseeffortsrequiresustainedsupportfromgovernments,educators,andcommunityleaderstobesuccessful.21.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A)ThedominanceofEnglishworldwideB)TheimportanceofpreservingminoritylanguagesC)TheadvantagesofbilingualeducationinChinaD)Theroleoftechnologyineducation22.Whyislanguagelossconcerning,accordingtothepassage?A)Itreduceseconomicopportunities.B)Itleadstothelossofculturalandintellectualheritage.C)Itcausespoliticalconflicts.D)Itmakesinternationalcommunicationdifficult.23.HowdoesbilingualeducationinXinjiangbenefitstudents,asdescribed?A)Itallowsthemtostudyabroadmoreeasily.B)Ithelpsthemlearnonlythenationallanguagefaster.C)Itfostersculturalidentitywhileprovidingbroaderopportunities.D)Itfocusessolelyontechnologicalskills.24.Whatroledoestechnologyplayinlanguagepreservation?A)Itreplacestheneedforformaleducation.B)Itprovidesplatformsforrecordingandteachinglanguages.C)Itencouragespeopletoswitchtodominantlanguages.D)Itisonlyusefulforpreservingmajorworldlanguages.25.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasalanguageusedinXinjiang?A)UyghurB)TibetanC)KazakhD)KyrgyzPartIITranslation(20points)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateashortparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.坎儿井是新疆一种古老的地下水利工程，被誉为“地下长城”。它通过竖井、地下暗渠和明渠将天山融雪水引至农田和村庄。这一智慧的系统减少了水分蒸发，适应了干旱的气候。坎儿井不仅保障了农业灌溉，也维系了当地社区的生活。如今，尽管面临现代技术的挑战，许多坎儿井仍在使用，并作为重要的文化遗产受到保护。PartIIIWriting(40points)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopic:TheImportanceofProtectingTraditionalKnowledgeinModernSociety.Youshouldwriteatleast180words.AnswerSheetPartIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.______2.______3.______4.______5.______6.______7.______8.______9.______10.______SectionB11.______12.______13.______14.______15.______16.______17.______18.______19.______20.______21.______22.______23.______24.______25.______PartIITranslationPartIIIWriting---AnswersPartIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.C)located2.E)involves3.B)evaporation4.G)promoting5.F)flourish6.L)extensive7.J)disrepair8.A)preserve9.I)ingenuity10.H)valuableSectionB11.C)TheSilkRoadservedasacomprehensivechannelforbidirectionalculturalexchange.12.D)Porcelain-makingtechniques13.B)TheartisticfusionresultingfromSilkRoadexchanges.14.B)Theriseofseatrade15.B)traveledacross16.C)Vulnerabilitytoclimatechangeimpacts17.C)Developingcropsthatrequirelesswater18.C)Theymaybepartofadaptationeffortsthroughrestoration.19.B)Globalmeasurestoreducegreenhousegases20.B)alleviate21.B)Theimportanceofpreservingminoritylanguages22.B)Itleadstothelossofculturalandintellectualheritage.23.C)Itfostersculturalidentitywhileprovidingbroaderopportunities.24.B)Itprovidesplatformsforrecordingandteachinglanguages.25.B)TibetanPartIITranslationTheKarezisanancientundergroundwaterconservancyprojectinXinjiang,hailedasthe"UndergroundGreatWall."ItchannelsmeltwaterfromtheTianshanMountainstofarmlandandvillagesthroughverticalwells,undergroundcanals,andopenditches.Thisingenioussystemreduceswaterevaporationandadaptstothearidclimate.TheKareznotonlyensuresagriculturalirrigationbutalsosustainsthelivelihoodsoflocalcommunities.Today,despitechallengesfrommoderntechnology,manyKarezarestillinuseandareprotectedasimportantculturalheritage.PartIIIWriting(SampleEssay)Intherapidlyevolvingmodernsociety,theprotectionoftraditionalknowledgeholdsprofoundsignificance.Traditionalknowledge,encompassingpractices,innovations,andwisdompasseddownthroughgenerations,isnotonlyacu