2025~2026学年上海市杨浦区控江中学高三上学期9月测评英语试卷

2025~2026学年上海市杨浦区控江中学高三上学期9月测评英语试卷一、语法填空Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,usedonewordthatbestfitseachblank.CoralCulturesStudyingcoralsusuallyrequireseitherobservingthemaliveintheoceanorexaminingtheirdeadtissueinalaboratory.Butnewresearchoffersawaytokeepallcoralcelltypesaliveinalabculturesfortwoweeksor1(long),openingnovelexperimentalpossibilities.Thecellsofcnidarians(agroupthatincludescoralsandseaanemones)arenotoriouslydifficult2(culture).Thesecells3(easilydamage)duringextraction,andcoralsalsohavecomplexmicrobiomes(微生物群)thataretrickytowipeoutwithantibiotics.But4leftalive,themicrobesoftentakeovercellcultures.Manycnidariansarebothendangeredandcriticalformarineecosystemhealth.“Weneedtodomorethanjustdocument5death,”saysUniversityofMiamimarinebiologistNikkiTraylor-Knowles,whoisseniorauthoronanewstudyinScientificReports.Init,herteamdetailshowtoreduceacoraltoitsconstituentcellsandthengrowthemalltogether—like6(cultivate)theanimalonaplate.Theresearchersmadeslightchangestoastandardgrowthmedium(madeofseawater,chemicalsandantibiotics)toreachoptimalformulasfortwodifferentcnidarianspecies.Theseformulasletallthe7(test)species’celltypesgrowatonce,withoutmicrobesorextraneous(无关的)tissues.Thenewmethodologywillbringunparalleledvisibilityintohowcelltypesinteract,Traylor-Knowlessays,anditwillallowforhigher-volumeexperimentswithoutraisingorkillingwholeanimals.Scientistsdonotyetunderstandallcnidariancelltypes,8theirfunctions.Theseculturescouldshowhowdifferentcellsrespondtostressors,9typesaremostvulnerabletohealthfailures,andpossiblywherecnidariansgettheirimpressiveregenerativeabilities.Thestudyisgroundbreaking,saysmolecularbiologistJurisGrasisoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Merced,whowasnotinvolvedwiththepaperbutalsostudiescnidarians.Hesayshewas“jealousashell”whenhesawtheresult.Somecellpopulationssurvivedforaslongas30days,henotes,10impliesthepossibilityofscalingupcellreproductionforfutureresearch.Nextup,Grasissays:“Howdowetranslatethisbackintothefieldandmakecoralshealthyagain?”二、选词填空Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.

A.chiefB.containedC.cousinD.defeatE.engaging

F.experienceG.imposingH.persistI.paralyzedJ.obligationsK.rushedAlively,entertaining,andphilosophicalguidetotimeandtimemanagementTheaveragehumanlifespanisabsurdly,terrifyingly,insultinglyshort.Here’sonewayofputtingthingsinperspective:thefirstmodernhumansappearedontheplainsofAfricaatleast200,000yearsago,andscientistsestimatethatlife,insomeform,will11foranother1.5billionyearsormore,untiltheintensifyingheatofthesunputsthelastorganismtodeath.Butyou?Assumingyoulivetobeeighty,you’llhavehadaboutfourthousandweeks.Itfollowsfromthisthattimemanagement,broadlydefined,shouldbeeveryone’s12concern;arguably,timemanagementisalllifeis.Yetthemoderndisciplineknownastimemanagement,likeitshipper13productivity,isadepressinglynarrow-mindedaffair,focusedonhowtocrankthroughasmanyworktasksaspossible,orondevisingtheperfectmorningroutine,oroncookingallyourdinnersfortheweekinonebigbatchonSundays.Thesethingsmattertosomeextent,nodoubt.Butthey’rehardlyallthatmatters.Theworldisburstingwithwonder,yetit’stherareproductivityguru(大师)whoseemstohaveconsideredthepossibilitythatthepointofallourfreneticdoingmightbeto14moreofthatwonder.Theworldalsoseemstobeheadingtohellinahandcart—apandemichas15society,andtheplanetisgettinghotterandhotter—butgoodluckfindingatimemanagementsystemthatmakesanyroomfor16productivelywithyourfellowcitizens,withcurrentevents,orwiththefateoftheenvironment.Thisbookisanattempttoredressthebalance.Itiswritteninthebeliefthattimemanagementhasfailedmiserably.Productivityisatrap.Becomingmoreefficientjustmakesyoumore17.Nobodyinthehistoryofhumanityhaseverachieved“work-lifebalance,”whateverthatmightbe.Thedaywillneverarrivewhenyoufinallyhaveeverythingundercontrol:whenthefloodofemailshasbeen18;whenyourto-dolistshavestoppedgettinglonger;whenyou’remeetingallyour19atworkandinyourhomelife;andwhenthefullyoptimizedpersonyou’vebecomecanturn,atlast,tothethingslifeisreallysupposedtobeabout.Let’sstartbyadmitting20:noneofthisisevergoingtohappen.Butyouknowwhat?That’sexcellentnews.三、完形填空PatientCareMustIncludeaGunTalk“Hello,whatbringsyouheretoday?”adoctorasksapatient.“I’mhereformycheckup,”thepatientresponds.“Great.Let’sstartwithsomeroutinescreeningquestionstoseewhetheryouhaveany____factorsweneedtotalkabout,”thedoctorsays.“Doyouexerciseregularly?Doyousmoke?Doyouconsumedrugsoralcohol?Doyoueatahealthydiet?Doyouhaveaccesstoafirearminsideoroutsideofyourhousehold?”“No,no,no,no,yes,”thepatientanswers.“Okay,let’stalkaboutfirearmsafety,”thedoctorsays.Soundssimple,right?Butitreallyisn’t.Foryearsdoctorshaveconsideredgunviolencetobeapublichealthissue.Nevertheless,mosthealth-careworkersstilldonottalktotheirpatientsaboutguns.Inmanysettings,questionsaboutfirearmsafetyare____exceptinspecialcasessuchasthoseconcerningpeoplewhoareatriskofsuicide,whichaccountsforroughly60percentofthenearly40,000gundeathsintheU.S.everyyear.Suchtargetedscreening,however,can____biasandstigmatization(污名化),whichhindersourabilitytonormalizeconversationsaboutfirearmsafetywithourpatients.Ifwecouldfigureouthowtomakesuchsafetychecksroutine,theharm____couldbesignificant—andwecouldprovidepolicymakerswithvaluableinsightsintohowtodepolarize,depoliticizeandhumanizediscussionssurroundingthepreventionoffirearminjuries.____,weinthehealth-carelanehaveauniqueopportunitytouseanapproachthatfocusessolelyonsafetyandinjuryprevention,withoutinvolvingtheSecondAmendment.Suchuniversal“weaskeveryone”strategies—whichcan____thepressuretodecidewhodoesanddoesnotneedscreening—havebeenusedsuccessfullyinpublichealthapproachestootherpolarizedissuessuchassubstanceuse,sexuallytransmitteddiseasesandHIV.Sowhyaremanydoctors____tobringupfirearminjuryprevention?Thetruthisthatwedonotfullyunderstandwhy.Weknowverylittleabouthowtonormalizeandhumanizeconversationsaboutit—and____don’twantusto.Adecadeago,forexample,Floridawentsofarastoforbidphysiciansfromaskingpatientsroutinegun-relatedquestionsandcourtsultimatelyinvalidated(使无效)thelawasa(n)____ofdoctors’rights.Wedonothavethedataweneedtoinformusonthebestwaytohavethesetalks.Health-careworkersalreadyfaceanumberofevident____whenitcomestosuchcounseling,includingalackofeducationonthesubject,fearofoffendingsomepatients,andinadequateresourcesforscreeningandcounselingabout____strategies.Fortunately,thetideischanging.Acombinationofrecentfederalfundingforresearchintofirearminjuryprevention,momentuminthehealth-careindustryandthe____levelofgunviolenceintheU.S.mightfinallypushdoctorstoaskeverypatientaboutfirearmsafetyandgunviolenceriskduringroutinehealthvisits.Weneedtoworkdiligentlywithgunowners,survivorsandcommunity-basedorganizationsaliketodevelopculturallycompetenteducationand____strategiesgearedtowardmakingthesetalksapartofroutinecheckups.Beingabletoaskthequestionsinthefirstplaceisanessentialstartingpoint.Thecountryisatlast____concernedphysiciansinsupportingapublichealthapproachtogunviolenceprevention.Ifwesucceedindepolarizingconversationsaboutfirearmdeaths,aswellasaboutthehundredsofnonfatalfirearminjuriesthathappeneverydayintheU.S.,itcouldhavea____effectamongthegeneralpublic,furtherbolstering(加强)ourargumentthatthismatterisapublichealthissue.Let’smakesurewegetitright.21.A．keyB．complicatingC．riskD．contributing22.A．searchingB．offensiveC．open-endedD．straight23.A．addressB．minimizeC．detectD．introduce24.A．assessmentB．reductionC．predictionD．enhancement25.A．AfterallB．InadditionC．NeverthelessD．Instead26.A．removeB．activateC．legalizeD．release27.A．straightforwardB．hardC．hesitantD．indifferent28.A．childrenprotectorsB．gun-rightsactivistsC．manufacturingworkersD．weapondealers29.A．shortageB．violationC．preservationD．admission30.A．barriersB．factsC．aidsD．consequences31.A．innovativeB．riskyC．deliberateD．preventive32.A．recommendedB．lowC．superficialD．shocking33.A．accelerationB．interventionC．perfectionD．recognition34.A．turningoffB．puttingawayC．gettingbehindD．speedingup35.A．rippleB．calmingC．disproportionateD．disastrous四、阅读理解Theterm“HudsonRiverschool”wasappliedtotheforemostrepresentativesofnineteenth-centuryNorthAmericanlandscapepainting.ApparentlyunknownduringthegoldendaysoftheAmericanlandscapemovement,whichbeganaround1850andlasteduntilthelate1860s,theHudsonRiverschoolseemstohaveemergedinthe1870sasadirectresultofthestrugglebetweentheoldandthenewgenerationsofartists,eachtoassertitsownstyleastherepresentativeAmericanart.Theolderpainters,mostofwhomwerebornbefore1835,practicedinamodeoftenself-taughtandmonopolizedbylandscapesubjectmatterandweresecurelyestablishedinandfosteredbythereigningAmericanartorganization,theNationalAcademyofDesign.TheyoungerpaintersreturninghomefromtraininginEuropeworkedmorewithfiguralsubjectmatterandinaboldandimpressionistictechnique;theirprospectsforpatronage(资助)intheirowncountrywereuncertain,andtheysoughttoattractitbyattainingacademicrecognitioninNewYork.Oneoftheresultsoftheconflictbetweenthetwofactionswasthatwhatinpreviousyearshadbeenreferredtoasthe“American”,“native”,or,occasionally,“NewYork”school—themostrepresentativeschoolofAmericanartinanygenre—hadby1890becomefirmlyestablishedinthemindsofcriticsandpublicalikeastheHudsonRiverschool.Thesobriquet(绰号,外号)wasfirstappliedaround1879.Whileitwasnotintendedasflattering,itwashardlyinappropriate.TheAcademiciansatwhomitwasaimedhadworkedandsocializedinNewYork,theHudson’sportcity,andhadpaintedtheriveranditsshoreswithvaryingfrequency.Mostimportant,perhaps,wasthattheyhadallmaintainedwithacertainfidelity—amanneroftechniqueandcompositionconsistentwiththoseofAmerica’sfirstpopularlandscapeartist,ThomasCole,whobuiltacareerpaintingtheCatskillMountainsceneryborderingtheHudsonRiver.Apossibleimplicationinthetermappliedtothegroupoflandscapistswasthatmanyofthemhad,likeCole,livedonornearthebanksoftheHudson.Further,theriverhadlongservedastheprincipalroutetoothersketchinggroundsfavoredbytheAcademicians,particularlytheAdirondacksandthemountainsofVermontandNewHampshire.36.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A．TheNationalAcademyofDesignB．LandscapepaintingthatfeaturedtheHudsonRiverC．NorthAmericanlandscapepaintingsD．ThetrainingofAmericanartistsinEuropeanacademies37.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthefunctionoftheNationalAcademyofDesignforthepaintersbornbefore1835?

A．Itmediatedconflictsbetweenartists.B．Itsupervisedtheincorporationofnewartistictechniques.C．Itdeterminedwhichsubjectswereappropriate.D．Itsupportedtheirgrowthanddevelopment.38.Theunderlinedword“it”inline12refersto______.

A．matterB．techniqueC．patronageD．country39.Wheredidtheyoungergenerationofpaintersreceiveitsartistictraining?

A．InEurope.B．IntheAdirondacks.C．InVermont.D．InNewHampshire.◆Landerneau,FranceTourdeFrancecrash:ATourdeFrancespectatorwasarrestedthisweekforcausingamasswreckthatinjuredninecyclistsduringtheevent’sfirststage.The30-year-oldFrenchwoman,whosenamehasnotbeenreleased,steppedinfrontoftheracingpackwithasignreadingAllezOpi-Omi(Go,GrandpaandGrandma!)andclippedGermanriderTonyMartin.Helosthisbalance,fell,andsetoffacascadeofcollisions.Itlooked“likeawarzone,”saiddoctorGilbertVersier.GermanathleteJashaSütterlindroppedoutofthecompetitionbecauseofinjuriessufferedduringthepileup.Thewomanisaccusedofinvoluntarilycausinginjuryandputtingthelivesofothersatrisk;shecouldfaceuptotwoyearsinprisonandafineof$35,000.◆LondonHealthministerdisgraced:AlreadybattlingcriticismthathemishandledBritain’spandemicresponse,HealthMinisterMattHancockwasforcedtoresignthisweekafterbeingcaughtonvideokissingandcuddlingwithafemaleaideinviolationofCoviddistancingrules.TheSuntabloidpublishedtheofficesurveillancefootage,whichshowedHancockembracingGinaColadangelo,amillionairelobbyistandanoldfriendfromOxfordUniversitywhomthemarriedministerhadhiredasanaide.PrimeMinisterBorisJohnsoninitiallystoodbyHancock,butafterthehealthministerwascriticizedbythepressandfellowConservativelawmakers,Johnsonacceptedhisresignation.Hancockhadfrequentlylecturedthepublictostay6feetawayfromnon-familymembers,andoncedescribedlockdown-breakingflingsas“amatterforthepolice.”◆Kampala,UgandaDeltasurgesacrossAfrica:UgandanPresidentYoweriMusevenicalledoncitizenstopleadfordivineintervention(上帝之佑)thisweekastheDeltavariantofCovid-19rippedthroughhiscountryandmedicalfacilitiesranoutofoxygen.Ugandaisinfulllockdown,withonlyvehiclescarryingcargoorthesickallowedontheroadsandemployeesforcedtosleepattheirworkplaces.ManyotherAfricancountriesareinasimilarplight.JohnNkengasongoftheAfricanCDCsaidthatinjustthepastweek,Covid-19infectionsonthecontinenthadjumpedby31percent,to5.4million,anddeathsby19percent,to142,000.“Thehospitalsarecompletelyoverwhelmed,”hesaid.SouthAfrica,whichaccountsfor40percentofthedeaths,hasalsogoneintoatwo-weeklockdown,withacurfew(宵禁)andabanonalcoholsales.40.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A．TheTourdeFrancebecameawarzonebecauseofa30-year-oldFrenchwoman.B．TheBritishPrimeMinisterresignedhispostbecausehekissedafemaleaide.C．AgrowingnumberofAfricanpeoplehadinfectedwithCovid-19inthepastweekthankstotheDeltavariant.D．JashaSütterlinnolongerparticipatedinthecompetitionforfearofbeinginfectedwithCovid-19.41.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plight”meanaccordingtothepassage?

A．adifficultsituationB．makingapromiseC．astateofbeingunfairD．improvementdespitedifficulties42.WhichsectionwouldthispassagemostprobablybefoundintheNewsweekmagazine?

A．TheArchivesB．InFocusC．GlobalNewsD．EditorialCommentHackersconstantlyimproveatpenetratingcyberdefensestostealvaluabledocuments.Sosomeresearchersproposeusinganartificial-intelligencealgorithm(算法)tohopelesslyconfusethem,oncetheybreakin,byhidingtherealdealamidamountainofconvincingfakes.Thealgorithm,calledWordEmbedding-basedFakeOnlineRepositoryGenerationEngine(WE-FORGE),generatesdecoysofpatentsunderdevelopment.Butsomedayitcould“createalotoffakeversionsofeverydocumentthatacompanyfeelsitneedstoguard,”saysitsdeveloper,DartmouthCollegecybersecurityresearcherV.S.Subrahmanian.Ifhackerswereafter,say,theformulaforanewdrug,theywouldhavetofindtherelevantneedleinahaystackoffakes.Thiscouldmeancheckingeachformulaindetail—andperhapsinvestinginafewdead-endrecipes.“Thenameofthegamehereis,‘Makeitharder,’”Subrahmanianexplains.“Inflict(使遭受)painonthosestealingfromyou.”Subrahmaniansayshetackledthisprojectafterreadingthatcompaniesareunawareofnewkindsofcyberattacksforanaverageof312daysaftertheybegin.“Thebadguyhasalmostayeartodecampwithallourdocuments,allourintellectualproperty,”hesays.“Evenifyou’reaPfizer(辉瑞,美国知名制药公司),that’senoughtimetostealalmosteverything.It’snotjustthecrownjewels—it’sthecrownjewels,andthejewelsofthemaid,andthewatchofthesecretary!”Counterfeit(伪造的)documentsproducedbyWE-FORGEcouldalsoactashidden“tripwires,”saysRachelTobac,CEOofcybersecurityconsultancySocialProofSecurity.Forexample,anenticingfilemightalertsecuritywhenaccessed.Companieshavetypicallyusedhuman-createdfakesforthisstrategy.“ButnowifthisAIisabletodothatforus,thenwecancreatealotofnewdocumentsthatarebelievableforanattacker—withouthavingtodomorework,”saysTobac,whowasnotinvolvedintheproject.Thesystemproducesconvincingdecoysbysearchingthroughadocumentforkeywords.Foreachoneitfinds,itcalculatesalistofrelatedconceptsandreplacestheoriginaltermwithonechosenatrandom.Theprocesscanproducedozensofdocumentsthatcontainnoproprietary(所有权的)informationbutstilllookbelievable.Subrahmanianandhisteamaskedcomputerscienceandchemistrygraduatestudentstoevaluaterealandfakepatentsfromtheirrespectivefields,andthehumansfoundtheWE-FORGE-generateddocumentshighlybelievable.WE-FORGEmighteventuallyexpanditsscope,butSubrahmaniannotesthatadocumentrecommendingacourseofaction,forinstance,wouldbemuchmorecomplexthanatechnicalformula.Still,bothheandTobacthinkthisresearchwillattractcommercialinterest.“Icoulddefinitelyseeanorganizationleveragingthistypeofproduct,”Tobacsays.“Ifthiscreatesbelievabledecoyswithoutreleasingsensitivedetailswithinthosedecoys,thenIthinkyou’vegotahugewinthere.”43.Theword“decoys”probablyrefersto_______.

A．projectsthatareintendedtolocatehackersandarrestthemifpossibleB．fakedocumentsthatareusedtotrickhackersintostealingthemC．professionalswhodesignprogrammestotrapattackersD．computerprogramsthatareappliedtocomputerscienceandotherfields44.WhatwillhappenoncehackershitupontheWE-GORGE-generateddocuments?

A．Theywillfindaneedleinahaystackandgetprickedandbleed.B．Theywillbeafteranotherformulaforanewdrugwithoutproperformula.C．Theywillhavetopouraconsiderableamountofmoneytocheckeachplausibleformula.D．Theywillbearrestedbythelocalpolicebecauseoftheirillegalaction.45.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

A．Hackerscandistinguishfakedocumentsandrealonescreatedbyhumansiftheyaregivenenoughtime.B．ThebasicprincipleemployedbyWE-FORGEistoscrambleandsubstitutekeywordstocreaterelevantbutfakedocuments.C．Computersciencegraduatestudentsareaskedtoevaluaterealandfakepatentsinthechemistryfield.D．BothSubrahmanianandTobacbelievethisresearchwillhaveacommercialsuccessifitissoldtohackers.46.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A．SolutionstoNewPatentsB．TooMuchInformationC．DevelopmentinComputerScienceD．NewImplicationofAIAWomanofOurTimesItwashalfpastfive.ThestreetoutsideHarriet’sshopwascrowdedwithofficeworkersfloodingtowardthetubestation.Harrietfinishedcheckingthetill,andwentthroughtheshopturningoffthelightsandsettingthealarm.47Itwaspristinewhite,withtheshop’sname,Stepping,inblack,identicaltotheothershopsinthechain.AlltheSteppingshopssolddanceandexercisewear.Mostofthem,asHarriet’swas,wereownedasfranchises.Shehadbeenrunningherbusinessfornearlyfiveyears.48Shewaspayingbacktheprincipalnow.Ithadbeenasoundinvestmentforhim.Shewaslesssure,now,whethershewassatisfiedwithit.Sheknewthatitwouldnevermakeherrich,butmoreimportantlyitnolongergavehertheexcitementitoncehad.Harrietdroppedthekeysintoherhandbag.49ItwasLeowhowantedtoseethefilm,andshehadbookedtheticketstosurprisehim.Shebegantowalkbriskly,lookingforwardtotheeveningwithherhusband.50Leowasaphotographer,quiteasuccessfulone.Hisstudiowasonthefirstfloorofasmallwarehousebuilding.Shepressedthebuttonofthetimedswitchbesidethedoorandlightwashedoverher.Shehadtheimpressionthattheclickhadsoundedawarning.Therewasascuffleontheothersideofthedoor.Shefittedthekeydeftlyintothelock,andthedoorswunginward.

A．Shehadfoundtheshopwhenshewastwenty-five,andherstepfather,Ken,hadboughttheleaseforher.B．Hewasnormallyanoisy,red-facedmanwhowasfondofbeerandgossip.C．AfewmomentslatershereachedthestreetwhereLeohadhisstudio.D．Shewentdownintothestreet,knowingthathewaswatchinghergo.E．Thenshesteppedoutintothestreet,andpausedtolookupatthefacade.F．Shecheckedtomakesurethattheenvelopecontainingthecinematicketswasthere,too.五、书面表达51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.DiggingdeepWhatyouseedependsonwhereyoustand.Theunarguablefactthatmostarchaeologistsliveintherichworldmeanstwothings.Oneisthatthefossilsoftheseplacesarefarbetterstudiedthanthoseofpoorercountries,whichisascientificpity.Theotheristhatwhatknowledgehasbeenacquiredaboutpoor-countryarchaeologyisfrequentlytheresultofvisitsbyrich-countryarchaeologists.Allthiswaswellknown,ifnotquantified,beforeNussaibahRajaputnumbersonitinapaperpublishedinNatureEcologyandEvolution.MsRaja,however,seesnotjustaregrettablehistory-inducedbiasthatshouldcertainlybeaddressedinfuture,butalsoacontinuingpillage(劫掠)ofpoorcountriesbythescientificestablishmentsofrichpl