教师招考英语语法复习提纲：主谓倒装

教师招考英语语法复习提纲：主谓倒装1.倒装概念通常英语句子中的主语是在谓语动词之前，这种语序称为自然语序;反之，如果谓语动词在主语之前，这种语序就称为倒装语序。倒装语序又分为部分倒装(即把谓语动词的助动词移至主语之前)和全部倒装(即把整个谓语动词置于主语之前)。2.倒装分类：1)全部倒装(1)there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的therebe句型以外，there还可以接appeartobe,happentobe,seemtobe,exist,lie,remain,stand等，一般都译成“有”，构成完全倒装句。如：Thereseemstobenoneedtogonow.Longlongago,therelivedaking.(2)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首，谓语动词是be,come,go,lie,run时，用全部倒装结构。如：Theregoesthebell.Thencamethechairman.Hereisyourletter.(3)当表示趋向或地点的状语置于句首，且谓语是表示运动的动词时，用全部倒装结构。如：Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.Aheadsatanoldwoman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语如果是人称代词时，则不用倒装结构。如：Herehecomes.Awaytheywent.(4)为了句子平衡或强调某一成分，有时将表语置于句首而使用全部倒装结构。如：Gonearethedayswhenwelivedinthecountryside.PresentatthemeetingaremyfriendsfromSouthAmerica.2)部分倒装(1)在so(肯定句)，neither和nor(否定句)引起的句子中，表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物时，用部分倒装结构。如：Iwentthereyesterday.Sodidhe.Tomdoesn'tlikebananas.Neither(Nor)doI.但如果只是重复前面一句话的意思，主语指的是同一人或物，则不用倒装。如：—Itwascoldyesterday.—Soitwas.(2)“only+状语”位于句首被强调时，用部分倒装结构，如果only强调状语从句，要倒装主句，而非从句。如：Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvetheproblem.Onlythendidherealizethathewaswrong.Onlywhenthewarwasovercouldhegoonstudying.(3)否定谓语的副词或实际否定谓语的不定代词位于句首，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,rarely,scarcely,nowhere,nothing,nobody,noone,none,few或实际否定谓语的介词短语位于句首，如innoway,onnoaccount,atnotime,innocase,bynomeans,notuntil等，句子用部分倒装结构。如：NeverinmylifehaveIheardsuchathing.AtnotimeandundernocircumstanceswillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.在任何时间或情况下中国都不会首先使用核武器。LittledoIknowabouthim.Notuntilthendidhecomeandhelp.Nobodywillheturntoforhelp.注意：①否定介词短语如果实际不是否定谓语，则不能倒装。如：Innotime(=verysoon)hewillbeback.②Notuntil后跟状语从句时，需要倒装的是主句。如：Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.(4)当句子以notonly…butalso,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely…when结构中连接的是两个分句时，notonly/nosooner/hardly/scarcely后的分句用部分倒装结构。如：Hardly/Scarcelyhadhegotonthebuswhenheheardashout.NosoonerhadIgonetosleepthanthetelephonerang.Notonlydidhebuyabikeformebuthealsosentittomyhouse.(5)在so(such)…that结构中，so或such位于句首时，其所在分句用部分倒装结构。如：Soangrywashethathecouldn'tspeak.SofastdidherunthatIcouldhardlycatchupwithhim.(6)非真实条件句中，ifsb/sthshoulddo/were(todo)/haddone可以倒装成shouldsb/sthdo,weresb/sth…,hadsb/sthdone。如：HadIbeenlessbusy,Icouldhavehelpedyou.Shouldtheweatherbecomeworse,Iwouldstayathome.WereIaman,Iwouldhavebiggerambitions.3.练习1)更正下列句子语序错误：(1)Outthechildrenrushed.(Outrushedthechildren!)(2)Look!Herethebuscomes!(Herecomesthebus!)(3)Sobusysheisthatshehasnotimetospare.(So…isshethat…)(4)Heisnotcoming.NeitherIam.(NeitheramI.)(5)Fewfriendshehasinthetown.(Fewfriendsdoeshehave…)(6)Innocasewewillgiveupourefforts.(Innocasewillwegive…)(7)WithnobodyhelpingarounddidIstillmanagetogetstuckcarmovingt.(…Istillmanaged…)(8)NotuntildidIwakeupIfoundhimgone.(NotuntilIwokeupdidIfindh