2025~2026学年山西太原市第一学期高二年级期末学业诊断英语试卷

2025~2026学年山西太原市第一学期高二年级期末学业诊断英语试卷一、阅读理解SCIENCENEEDSYOU!Citizenscienceisanewmovementwhichinvolvesmembersofthepublic,eithersinglyoringroups,workingtowardsacommongoal.Veryoften,citizenscientistscollect,reportoranalysedata.Whatmakesacitizenscientist?Anyonewhocontributestheirtime,effortandwhateverresourcestheyhavetoascientificresearchprojectisacitizenscientist.Theycomefromallwalksoflife—housewives,retirees,students,sportspeople,children.There’snoneedforaformalorstrongscientificbackground,justenthusiasm.Howtogetinvolved?Ifyouhaveaparticularhobby,interestorexpertisethere’salmostcertainlyaprojectyoucanjoin.Searchonlineforcitizenscienceprojectsandpickouttheonesyoulike.Itcouldbeobservinginsects,migratorybirds,evenplatesmovements;allyouhavetodoistorecordandhandinobservations.Youcanuseyourlaptoporevenyoursmartphonetodothis—easy!HereisanopportunityfromNASA:

SpaceCloudWatchWhatyou’lldo

◆Watchtheskyatsunriseandsunsetfornoctilucentclouds(夜光云)andshootthem.

◆UploadyourphotosandobservationstoawebsitetocontributetoresearchonEarth’smiddleatmosphere.

◆Takenoteswhennoctilucentcloudsareabsent,soyoucanreportthattoo!

Requirements

◆Time:10-20minutes

◆Equipment:Camera,smartphoneorGPSreceiver

◆Knowledge:NopriorknowledgenecessaryWilliteverbe“real”science?Citizenscienceishowrealsciencestarted!Mostofourearlyscientificdiscoveriesweremadebyenthusiasts.Datacollectedbyvolunteersholdscomparablescientificvaluetothatcollectedby“real”scientistsandasbigdatabecomesmorewidespread,thetoolstoprocessitarebecomingmoreuser-friendly.Soyes,citizenscienceisasrealasitcanbe!1.Whichofthefollowingisasharedfeatureofcitizenscientists?

A．Havingastrongscientificbackground.B．Beingexpertindesigningscientificresearch.C．Beingenthusiasticaboutcontributingtoscience.D．Usingsciencetohelppeoplefromallwalksoflife.2.WhatwillacitizenscientistdoinSpaceCloudWatch?

A．Recordthetimeofdaybreak.B．Takephotosofnoctilucentclouds.C．ReadEarth’satmosphereobservations.D．Haveatrainingaboutshootingnoctilucentclouds.3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcitizenscience?

A．Ithelpstoadvancescience.B．Itispopularamongvolunteers.C．Thedatacollectedisopentoall.D．Itisthekeytoscientificdiscoveries.Dearestfriends,Ihopethisupdatefindsyouwell.Onceagain,yourletterssincemylastupdatehaveblownmeaway!Itseemsthatoursewing(缝纫)school,SewingAmazing,hastouchedmanyofyou,andIamtrulymovedbyyourgenerosityindonatingtoourfinal-yearstudents.WealmosthaveenoughmoneyforeachofthemtohaveamachineoftheirownandIamsogratefultoyouwhohavemadethishappen.WebeganSewingAmazingbackin2017,whenpeopleoutofworkinMeritingaskedforourhelpinteachingthemskillsthatcouldenablethemtohaveanincome.Ourtwo-yearprogramstartswiththebasicsofsewinginthefirstyear.Inthesecondyear,studentsaretaskedtomakeitems(物品)forvisitorstotakehomeasgifts.Wehaveseenmanystudentssuccessfullygraduatefromourtrainingschoolandchangetheirlife.Clemie,asinglemotherwithtwoyoungchildren,isoneofoursecond-yearstudents.Thefamilylivesinashippingcontainerwithanoutsidetoilet.Lifeishardforthem.Facedwithchallengesofgettingajob,shejoinedoursewingschoolandherlifetookapositiveturn.Theknowledgeandtechniquesshehasgainedthroughthecoursehaveenabledhertodesignandcreatedressesforthecommunity,generatinganincomethatsignificantlyimprovesherabilitytosupportherselfandherchildren.Thankstoallofyou,Clemieisoneoftheladieswhowillbegivenasewingmachinewhenshegraduates.Thisisgoingtogivehertheopportunitytodevelophersewingskillsandtomakemoreitemstosell.Weareexcitedtoseewherethefuturetakesher.IhopeyouhaveenjoyedhearingalittlemoreaboutSewingAmazingandIwillwritesoontosharemoreofourprojects.Thankyouonceagainforsupportingourwork.Yourfriend,Lisa4.WhatcanwelearnaboutSewingAmazing?

A．Itsellssewingmachines.B．Itprovidesjobsforpeople.C．Itdesignshand-madegifts.D．Ittrainspeopletosewforaliving.5.WhyisClemiementionedinParagraph3?

A．Toprovehertalentinmakingdresses.B．Tostressherhorriblelivingconditions.C．Toshowtheinfluenceofthetrainingschool.D．TopopularizethecourseofSewingAmazing.6.WhatdoesLisathinkofClemie’sfuture?

A．Promising.B．Eventful.C．Peaceful.D．Successful.7.Whatistheletterintendedtodo?

A．Presentsocialproblems.B．Raisemoneyforthepoor.C．Expressthankstodonors.D．AdvertiseSewingAmazing.Bottlenosedolphinsarehighlysocialcreatures.Theyhangout,surfwavesforfun,andformlong-lasting,deepties.Whethertheseclosefriendshipsdirectlyleadtobetterhealth,however,longremainedamystery.RecentlyanewstudypublishedinNatureCommunicationsBiologyprovidesaconclusiveanswertothisveryquestion.Inthestudy,researcherslookedat50skinsamples(样本)from38bottlenosedolphinsinSharkBay.Theyalsocheckeddataonsocialconnectionsbetweendolphinsinthebaybasedonyears’worthofobservations.Theyfoundthatdolphinswithstrongsocialtiesagedslowlycomparedtotheircompanionswholivedlonelierlives.“Weknewsocialtieshelpedanimalslivelonger,butthisisthefirsttimewehaveshownthattheyaffecttheagingprocess,”saidGerber,leadauthorofthestudy.Lonelierdolphinsmayhavetohuntforthemselves,competeforpartnerswithoutbackup,andfacesharksandotherkillers-factorsthatcancontributetoastressfulexistence,muchlikeinhumans,researcherssay.“Havingfriendsmeansyouhunttogether,watcheachother’sbacks,andsharetheload,”DrGerbersaid.Untilnow,mostresearchintotheeffectsoffriendshipsonaginghasfocusedonanimals’actualagesincebirthandlifetime.However,inthelateststudy,scientistsfiguredoutthetruebiologicalageofthedolphinsbasedonindividualDNAmarkers.Suchan“epigeneticclock”providesabetterindicatorofananimal’soverallhealthandagingconditions.Inpreviousstudies,epigeneticclockshaveshowedhowfactorslikepollution,sadness,andpositiveornegativesocialtiesinfluencebiologicalage.Thefindingshighlighttheimportanceofspendingtimeonmeaningfulrelationships,alongwithhealthyeatingandexercisingforalongerlife.“Thehealthbenefitsoffriendshiparenotlimitedtohumans—theyareakeypartofbiologyinsocialanimals,”saidDr.Gerber.“Ipredictwewillcontinuetofindthatfriendshipisanaturalanti-agingsecretacrosssocialspecies.”8.Whatdidthenewstudyfind?

A．Certaindolphinsweremoresociable.B．Agingwasdeterminedbysocialbehaviors.C．Friendshiphelpeddolphinsagemoreslowly.D．Lonelierdolphinswereindangerofdyingout.9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A．Theprocessofdolphinhunting.B．Thesimilaritybetweenhumansanddolphins.C．Thedangersdolphinsfaceintheocean.D．Theroleofsocialtiesinhelpingdolphinssurvive.10.Theunderlinedphrase“anepigeneticclock”inparagraph4refersto________.

A．atoolforDNAresearchB．ameasureofbiologicalageC．arecordofananimal’sbirthdateD．afactorininfluencinganimalhealth11.WhatcanwelearnfromDr.Gerber’swordsinthelastparagraph?

A．Closesocialtiesrequireregularinteraction.B．Healthdependsondiet,exerciseandsocialties.C．Futureresearchwillfocusonhumansocialrelationships.D．Thebenefitsoffriendshiparesharedamongsocialanimals.Wetendtoimaginetheholidayseasonasuniversallyjoyfulandsocial,fulloffamilygatheringsandsharedtraditions.Butmanypeopleadmittednowthatspendingholidayswithfamilyishappybutsocialtime,evenpositivetimewithlovedones,canbetiring.Giftbuying,travelorhostingcanallbuildupandwearthemout.InarecentsurveyintheUKbySolitude(孤独)Lab,whenrespondentswereaskedwhichfeelingstheyconnectedwiththeholidayseason,mostoftenchosewordsrelatedtoloveandtogetherness,butsomepeoplealsochosecalmnessandrelaxation.Thissuggestspeopleexpectbothconnectionandrest.Briefmomentsofsolitudecanhelpbalanceitallout.Inseveralexperiments,theresearchersobserveddropsinstrongemotionslikeexcitementoranxietyafterpeoplehadspentjust15to30minutesalone.Participantswereoftenaskedtospendthetimehavingfunontheirphone,readingorsimplysittingalone.Theresearchersalsofoundphysiologicalproofthatsolitudehelpsthebodycomedownfromstressmorequickly.Thatmakesitausefulbalanceduringweekswhenstressrunshigh.Solitudeinthiscaseisn’tavoidance,butinsteadameansofadjustment.Inthemodernworld,socialnorms(规范)—especiallyaftertheCOVID-19—haveshiftedtowardsspendingtimealone.Morepeoplenowembraceitratherthanfearit,andourmindsetplaysalargepartinhowsolitudefeels.Solitudelendsitselftoreflectiveactivitieslikelookingbackonpositivemomentsfromthepastyearorlow-keyactivitiessuchastakingawalkthroughalocalpark.Althoughphysicalsolitudemeansbeingonyourown,itdoesn’tmeanyouarecutoff.Reachingouttosomeoneorwritingacardcanremindusofconnectionswehavebuilt,makingsolitarytimefeelmoreenriching.Whenyourholidayseasonisspentalone,itisn’taboutchoosingsolitudeoverconnection,butaboutallowingbothtohavetheirplaceduringaseasonthatoftenasksalotfromus.12.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosayabouttheholidayseasoninparagraph1?

A．Itstraditionsarechanging.B．Ithaslostitsshineformany.C．Itisahappytimeforfamilygatherings.D．Itisaboutactivitieslikeshoppingandhosting.13.Whatdoresearchersconsidersolitudeas?

A．Anescapefromboredom.B．Asignofholidayloneliness.C．Anapproachtoreducingpressure.D．Awayofavoidingunnecessaryinteraction.14.Whatcanbeinferredaboutsolitudeinthemodernworld?

A．Ittakesawayfromtheholidayjoy.B．Itchangesthesocialnormsgradually.C．Itisincreasinglyacceptedandwelcomed.D．Itisembracedbypeopleaffectedbyillness.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．SpendaLittleAloneTime.B．ChallengetheTraditionalHolidays.C．AppreciateCalmnessandTogetherness.D．StepAwayfromYourComfortableZone.Oneofmymostmemorablelearningexperienceshappenedinthefourthgradewhenwehadaprojectofmakingabirdbath.Irememberaskingforhelpandmyfathergenerouslyspendinghourswithme,helpingmetoobservehowtoputthewoodenpiecestogether.Mybirdbathwasjustbasic,anditeventuallyfellapart.16Whetheryou’reaparentoracreative,theabilitytoobserveisattheheartofeachrole.MyfatherdidnotcorrectmyeffortsasIactedonmyvision.17Andaftermyprojectfailed,heaskedmetoconsiderwhatIfailedtosee.Theroleofobservationinourdailylivesimprovesourawareness.18Whenweseesomeoneperformacertainactionorshowcertainemotions,ourmirrorneurons(神经元)creatementalimageswecandrawonlater,tocompletethesametaskorrespondtosimilaremotions.Aftermyincidentwiththebirdbath,mydadaskedmeanimportantquestion.“Ifyouweretomakeitagain,whatmightyoudodifferently?”Thankstohowourbrainsarebuilttoobserve,wealsolearnindirectly.Imaginewe’reonahiketogether.IfItriponatreerootbeforeyoudo,yougettoavoidit.19Inthisway,wehavetheopportunitytomakecorrectionsandadjustmentstotheapproachwetaketocompletethesameorsimilartask.20Asalifelonglearner,itwillnotmatterwhatyouchoosetolookatclosely.Whateverthefocus,ifyoudoitoftenenough,youwillstrengthenyourabilitytoreflect.

A．Instead,hetaughtmetoobserveclosely.B．Iwasleftintearsthen—yetwithalessonnow.C．Improvingyourabilitytoobservewillbenefityou.D．Ibegantoreadaboutbirdsandlistentobirdcalls.E．Thisisbecauseourbrainsarebuilttolearnbyobserving.F．Whenweseesomeonemakeamistake,wecanchooseabetterpath.G．Basedonthis,modelthebehavioryouexpectfromyourchildren.二、完形填空Theboxofmycollegetextbookssatinthehallway.Withgraduationdrawingnear,Iwasbusy_______everything,sortingthemintobags.Mostbooks,markedwithnotes,seemedreadyfortherecyclingbin(桶)—acommon_______fortheusedones.AsIpickedupaheavyliteraturebook,anote_______fromit.“Thisideachangedmythinking.Mayitchangeyours.”Itstruckmethattheseweren’tjustmybooksbut_______frommypastselfandIwas_______highlightsofasignificantjourney.Thethoughtofthrowingthemawayseemed_______.Someruralschoolswith_______shelvescrossedmymind.ThenIselectedthebooksbytheir_______andpostedthemonline,believinggoodbookscanmakeadifference.“Freetothosewhoneedthem,”Iwrote.“Paytheknowledgeforward.”Therepliesweregiven_______.Ateacherfromasmalltownneededtheliteraturebooks.Astudent________themathguides.Imailedthebooksatmyowncost.Each________wasasmallandsilentceremony.Thelastbook,awornpoetrycollection,founditswaytoaseniorhighstudent.Seeingmyroomempty,Ifeltasenseof________,withallbooks________theirnewowners.Icametocollegetogainknowledgeformyself,andIleftwithanew________—Booksfindtheirrealvaluenotinbeingkept,butinbeing________on.21.A．packingB．movingC．pressingD．pushing22.A．stepB．startC．endD．resource23.A．fellB．flewC．hidD．swung24.A．warningsB．secretsC．messagesD．tasks25.A．focusingonB．takingdownC．catchingupwithD．lettinggoof26.A．traditionalB．naturalC．simpleD．wrong27.A．shakyB．emptyC．oldD．usual28.A．popularityB．subjectC．valueD．author29.A．currentlyB．warmlyC．quietlyD．finally30.A．donatedB．requestedC．followedD．reviewed31.A．connectionB．exchangeC．choiceD．approach32.A．satisfactionB．dutyC．safetyD．loneliness33.A．challengingB．servingC．tyingD．leaving34.A．stageB．signC．sightD．view35.A．putB．actedC．passedD．taken三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AquietmorninginChaozhouwasgentlyawakenedbythesmellofgongfutea.ItcarriedfromaclassroomatChengnanMiddleSchool,36hadbeenchangedintoateaspace.Here,YeHanzhong,aninheritor(传承者)ofChaozhougongfutea,wasguidingstudents,teachersandparentsstepbystepthroughtheartofmakingandtastingtea.Witheachmovementoftheteapot,hesharednotonlytheskills,37thevaluesandtheworldviewfoundinacupoftea.Heintroducedthestudents38asimplifiedsystembasedonthetradition’s21classicmovements.39(cover)preparation,brewing(冲泡)andsharing,thelessonoffereda40(practice)waywithoutlosingthespiritofgongfutea.InYe’stelling,gongfuteaisaquietphilosophyoflife.Properpreparationteachespatience;seizingtherightmomentdeterminessuccess;attentiontodetails41(shape)quality.Whenthestudentslaterservedteatotheirteachersandparents,itbecameaquietway42(show)respectandthanks.Rooted43(deep)indailyliferatherthanformalceremonies,Chaozhougongfuteahasalwaysbelongedtoordinarypeople.In2022,it44(add)toUNESCO’slistoftheworld’sintangibleculturalheritage.Today,thistraditionisenteringclassroomsandreaching45young,carryingwithitbothateapracticeandapeaceful,respectfulwayoflivingtoawiderworld.四、选词填空阅读下面句子，从方框所给选项中分别选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。注意：每个选项只能使用一次，每部分方框中有2个多余选项。

A.globalB.existC.holdyourhorsesD.deliverE.availableF.holdyourbreathG.update46.It’sluckythatallthebooksyouhaveaskedforare________attheschoollibrary。47.Asignificantpaygapcontinuesto________betweenmenandwomeninmanyindustries。48.Asadoctor，shemustregularly________herknowledgeofmedicalresearchtokeepupwiththelatesttreatmentmethodsanddrugdiscoveries。49.Ourteamtriedourbestto________awonderfulgroupspeechinthefinalshow,whichimpressedallthejudgesdeeply。50.Just________foramoment;theteacherhasn’tfinishedexplainingtherulesandweneedtolistencarefullyfirst。阅读下面短文，从方框所给选项中分别选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。注意：每个选项只能使用一次，每部分方框中有2个多余选项。

A.meaningfulB.typicalC.preventD.identifyE.balanceF.recommendG.adventureLastweekend,ourclassjoinedaforestprotectionproject.Wesetoutto51sometreesbytheiruniqueleaves.Whenwefoundsomeoneshakingbranchesforexercise,wegatheredcourageto52himbyexplainingthetrees’value.Tofurtherourwork,aclassmatesuggestedthatwe53toourschoolputtingupsignstoremindpeople,whichlaterdrewpublicattention.This54isvaluabletousstudents.Itprovesthateverysmallactcountsinprotectingnature,andwhatbeginsasasimpletaskcanbeturnedintoa55experience.五、书信写作56.假定你是李华，你的英国笔友David向你询问你校最受学生欢迎的体育运动。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：（1）介绍运动；（2）说明理由。注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearDavid,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________