2018年高考英语二轮复习练案专题1第3讲主旨大意类

专题一阅读理解第三讲主旨大意类真题验证题组一eq\x(A)(2017·全国Ⅲ，D)eq\x(导学号)TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarintoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.Researchshowsthatgivingupdrivingisoneofthekeyreasonsforafallinhealthandwell－beingamongolderpeople,leadingtothembeingmoreisolated(隔绝)andinactive.LedbyProfessorPhilBlythe,theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin－vehicletechnologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife.Theseincludecustom－madenavigation(导航)tools,nightvisionsystemsandintelligentspeedadaptations.PhilBlytheexplains:“Formanyolderpeople,particularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountry,drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence,givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers.”“Butweallhavetoacceptthataswegetolderourreactionsslowdownandthisoftenresultsinpeopleavoidinganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditionsandlosingconfidenceintheirdrivingskills.Theresultisthatpeoplestopdrivingbeforetheyreallyneedto.”DrAmyGuo,theleadingresearcherontheolderdriverstudy,explains:“TheDriveLABishelpingustounderstandwhatthekeypointsanddifficultiesareforolderdriversandhowwemightusetechnologytoaddresstheseproblems.”Forexample,mostofuswouldexpectolderdriversalwaysgoslowerthaneveryoneelsebutsurprisingly,wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggledtokeepataconstantspeedandsoweremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgettingfined.We'relookingatthebenefitsofsystemswhichcontroltheirspeedasawayofpreventingthat.“Wehopethatourworkwillhelpwithtechnologicalsolutions(解决方案)toensurethatolderdriversstaysaferbehindthewheel.”文章大意：本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了智能交通团队建立移动实验室，研究老年人开车存在的问题和难点，帮助老年人安全驾驶。❶WhatisthepurposeoftheDriveLAB？____C____A．Toexplorenewmeansoftransport.B．Todesignnewtypesofcars.C．Tofindoutolderdriver'sproblems.D．Toteachpeopletrafficrules.解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段最后一句中的“inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare”可知，建立实验室的目的是要找出老年人开车有困难的地方，故选C。❷WhyisdrivingimportantforolderpeopleaccordingtoPhilBlythe？____A____A．Itkeepsthemindependent.B．Ithelpsthemsavetime.C．Itbuildsuptheirstrength.D．Itcurestheirmentalillnesses.解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Formanyolderpeople，particularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountry，drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence，givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers”可知，对于老年人来说，开车对保持他们生活的独立性至关重要，故选A。❸Whatdoresearchershopetodoforolderdrivers？____B____A．Improvetheirdrivingskills.B．Developdriver－assisttechnologies.C．Providetipsonrepairingtheircars.D．Organizeregularphysicalcheckups.解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin—vehicletechnologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife”可知，研究者正在研发车载式的技术以帮助老年人晚年依然能开车，故选B。❹Whatisthebesttitlefor？____D____A．AnewModelElectricCarB．ASolutiontoTrafficProblemsC．DrivingServicesforEldersD．KeepingOlderDriversontheRoad解析：考查标题判断。本文的关键词是老年人驾车，重点讲述了为了让他们安全驾车所进行的研究。故选D。eq\x(B)(2017·天津，A)eq\x(导学号)Supposeyou'reinarush,feelingtired,notpayingattentiontoyourscreen,andyousendanemailthatcouldgetyouintrouble.Realisationwillprobablysetinsecondsafteryou'veclicked“send”.Youfreezeinhorrorandburnwithshame.Whattodo?Herearefourmonemailaccidents,andhowtorecover.Clicking“send”toosoonDon'twasteyourtimetryingtofindoutifthereceiverhasreadityet.Writeanotheremailasswiftlyasyoucanandsenditwithabrieftitleexplainingthatthisisthecorrectversionandthepreviousversionshouldbeignored.WritingthewrongnameThesooneryounotice,thebettei.e.espondquicklyandbriefly,apologisingforyourmistake.Keepthetonemeasured:don'thandleittoolightly,aspeoplecanbeoffended,especiallyifyourerrorsuggestsamisunderstandingoftheirculture(i.e.incorrectorderingofChinesenames)．Clicking“replyall”unintentionallyYouaccidentallyreveal(透露)totheentirepanywhatmenuchoicesyouwouldpreferatthestaffChristmasdinner,orwhatholidayyou'dliketotake.Inthisinstance,thebestsolutionistosendaquick,light－heartedapologytoexplainyourawkwardness.Butitcanquicklyrisetosomethingworse,wheneveryonestartshitting“replyall”tojoininalongandunpleasantconversation.Inthisinstance,stepawayfromyourkeyboardtoalloweveryonetocalmdown.SendinganoffensivemessagetoitssubjectThemostawkwardemailmistakeisusuallymittedinanger.Youwriteanunkindmessageaboutsomeone,intendingtosendittoafriend,butaccidentallysendittothepersonyou'rediscussing.Inthatcase,asktospeakinpersonassoonaspossibleandsaysorry.Explainyourfrustrationscalmlyandsensibly—seeitasanopportunitytoclearupanydifficultiesyoumayhavewiththisperson.文章大意：这是一篇应用文。匆忙之中或心不在焉时发送电子邮件出现错误怎么办？比如，邮件还没写好就发送了，把收件人的名字拼写错了，个人邮件被你误发给了所有人，或者把埋怨的邮件误发给了被你吐槽的那个人。本文告诉我们出现这些情况时我们该如何补救。❺Afterrealisinganemailaccident,youarelikelytofeel____C____.A．curious B.tiredC.awfulD.funnyD.funny解析：考查细节理解。根据题干中的“realisinganemailaccident”可把答案定位在第二段。该段说，在你点击“发送”数秒钟之后你就会意识到自己的错误，结合下文的“freezeinhorrorandburnwithshame”可知，人们意识到“邮件事故”后，可能会感觉糟糕，因此选C。❻Ifyouhavewrittenthewrongnameinanemail,itisbestto____A____.A．apologiseinaseriousmannerB．tellthereceivertoignoretheerrorC．learntowritethenamecorrectlyD．sendashortnoticetoeveryone解析：考查细节理解。根据题干中的“writtenthewrongname”可把答案定位在第五段，该部分提出建议说，此时赶紧给对方发一个简短的回复，为自己的错误道歉(apologisingforyourmistake)，而且要注意道歉的语调(don'thandleittoolightly)，这与A项的陈述是一致的。❼Whatshouldyoudowhenanunpleasantconversationisstartedbyyour“replyall”email？____B____A．Tryofferingotherchoices.B．Avoidfurtherinvolvement.C．Meetotherstaffmembers.D．Makealight－heartedapology.解析：考查细节理解。根据题干的内容可把答案定位至第六段，这部分提到，如果你不小心点了“回复所有人”，可能有人会就此开始回复不太友好的话，此时你最好离开电脑键盘(stepawayfromyourkeyboard)，以便让大家都冷静下来。这与B项的陈述相吻合，表示“避免继续卷入(这样的对话)”。❽Howshouldyoudealwiththeproblemcausedbyanoffensiveemail？____D____A．Bypromisingnottooffendthereceiveragain.B．Byseekingsupportfromthereceiver'sfriends.C．Byaskingthereceivertocontrolhisanger.D．Bytalkingtothereceiverfacetoface.解析：考查细节理解。根据题干中的“offensiveemail”可把答案定位在最后一段。这部分提到，在出现冒犯对方的情况时，要尽快亲自向对方道歉。故选D。❾Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？____C____A．Definingemailerrors.B．Reducingemailmistakes.C．Handlingemailaccidents.D．Improvingemailwriting.解析：考查主旨要义。通读全文，尤其是第三段的内容可知，本文主要介绍的是发送电子邮件出现问题时人们该如何面对和补救，因此C项最能概括本文的主题。eq\x(C)(2017·浙江，A)BenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel'shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬乱).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.__The_cat's_lot_was_about_to_improve.__Thatyear,oneofBenjamin'scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版画)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.In1747，whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold，Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin'sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(风景)painting.WilliamWilliams,awell－knownpainter,cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid,“Thosetwobooksweremypanionsbyday,andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine－year－oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国著名艺术家本杰明·韦斯特是如何开始他的艺术生涯的。eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))Whatismainlyabout？____C____A．Benjamin'svisittoPhiladelphia.B．Williams'influenceonBenjamin.C．ThebeginningofBenjamin'slifeasanartist.D．ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.解析：主旨大意题。文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的。故选C。eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest？____D____A．Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B．Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C．Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D．Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.解析：推理判断题。由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。由该段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。eq\o(○,\s\up1(12))WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent？____B____A．Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B．Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C．HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D．Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.解析：细节理解题。短文第四段提到“HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.”，接着下一段又谈到“...Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.”，由此可知，潘宁顿送给本杰明绘画材料来帮助他发展艺术才能，故选B项。eq\o(○,\s\up1(13))Williams'twobookshelpedBenjaminto____D____.A．mastertheuseofpaintsB．appreciatelandscapepaintingsC．gettoknowotherpaintersD．makeuphismindtobeapainter解析：细节理解题。由文章最后两句“Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks，theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine－year－oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.”可知，这两本书是他通往古典绘画的指引，也帮助他下定决心成为一名画家，故选D项。eq\x(D)(2016·全国Ⅰ，D)eq\x(导学号)Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyunfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson'sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofmunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare－giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheyeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient'ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.文章大意：文章介绍了沉默在不同文化里所代表的含义以及沉默的治疗价值等内容。eq\o(○,\s\up1(14))Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations？____C____A．Itimpliesanger. B．Itpromotesfriendship.C．Itisculture－specific. D．Itiscontent－based.解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段第三句“Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness，uneasiness，orworry”(某一谈话中的沉默可能也表示倔强、不安或者担忧)可知，silenceinconversations具有文化特异性。故选C。eq\o(○,\s\up1(15))Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought？____A____A．TheChinese. B．TheFrench.C．TheMexicans. D．TheRussians.解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofmunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing”可知，中国人可能认为一个人在谈话时突然停顿是希望听话人去仔细思考。故选A。eq\o(○,\s\up1(16))Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence？____D____A．Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.B．Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.C．Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D．Makeuseofitshealingeffects.解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段，尤其是最后一句“Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures”可知，护士应该充分利用沉默的治愈价值。故选D。eq\o(○,\s\up1(17))Whatmaybethebesttitlefor？____B____A．SoundandSilenceB．WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC．SilencetoNativeAmericansD．SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold解析：考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章介绍了沉默在不同文化里所代表的含义，故选B。文章未谈及Sound，所以A项不对；文章虽谈到了SilencetoNativeAmericans，但这不是文章的中心内容，故排除C项；文章未涉及SpeechIsSilver的内容，所以D项也不对。题组二eq\x(A)(2016·全国Ⅱ，C)eq\x(导学号)Readingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.Now,thewebsiteBookCrossingturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofinds__it.__BrucePederson,themanagingdirectorofBookCrossing,says,“Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.BookCrossingbinesboth.”Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.Whoeverfindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit.E－mailsarethensenttotheBookCrosserstokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound.BrucePedersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktothe“real”andnotthevirtual(虚拟)．Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty－fivecountries.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了BookCrossing网站帮助喜爱读书的人们互相交流和传递图书的内容。❶Whydoestheauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraph？____B____A．Toexplainwhattheyare.B．TointroduceBookCrossing.C．Tostresstheimportanceofreading.D．Toencouragereaderstosharetheirideas.解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段第三句话“Now，thewebsiteBookCrossingeturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup”可知，作者提到bookgroups是为了引出BookCrossing。故选B项。❷Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto？____A____A．Thebook.B．Anadventure.C．Apublicplace.D．Theidentificationnumber.解析：考查代词指代。根据第二段中的“hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwide...”可知，此处的“it”指的是“thebook”。故选A项。❸WhatwillaBookCrosserdowithabookafterreadingit？____C____A．Meetotherreaderstodiscussit.B．Keepitsafeinhisbookcase.C．Passitontoanotherreader.D．Mailitbacktoitsowner.解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“BookCrossingprovideanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit”可知，读完书之后，BookCrossers将会把它继续传递给其他的读者。故选C项。❹Whatisthebesttitlefor？____D____A．OnlineReading:AVirtualTourB．ElectronicBooks:ANewTrendC．ABookGroupBringsTraditionBackD．AWebsiteLinksPeoplethroughBooks解析：考查主旨大意。根据第一段的最后一句“Now，thewebsiteBookCrossingturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup”以及其余的内容可知，本篇文章主要介绍了BookCrossing网站的功能及其创建的意义。故选D项。eq\x(B)(2016·北京，B)SurvivingHurricaneSandyNatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhouse.“It'stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial，”shesays.OnOctober29,2012,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie'sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity'sbridgesclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawayday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie'sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie'sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh－risebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan'tcontrolwhathappenstome，”Nataliesays.“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”Natalie'schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedintroductionaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick'scollectionwasreplaced.Intheingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch－needsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars(创痕)ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican'timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway，”Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”文章大意：这是一篇记叙文。本文的主人公——14岁的女孩娜塔莉——主动参与重建遭受飓风重创的家乡。她建立了一个网站，为外界的捐赠者和家乡需要帮助的人结对，同时帮助很多孩子实现了自己的梦想。她应邀到白宫，并被授予荣誉称号。❺WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane，shefound____B____.A．somefriendshadlosttheirlivesB．herneighborhoodwasdestroyedC．herschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynD．theelderlywerefreefromsuffering解析：考查细节理解。由题干的“returned...afterthehurricane”可知，答案应该在第三段。娜塔莉一家在飓风过后回到家乡，发现街区已变为废墟(neighborhoodinruins)，很多朋友失去了家园，并且住到了很远的地方。人们都在遭受苦难，特别是老年人。从这些信息可知选B。❻Accordingtoparagraph4，whoinspiredNataliemost？____A____A．ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuild.B．Thepeopletrappedinhigh－risebuilding.C．Thevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivors.D．Localteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople.解析：考查细节理解。由第四段第一句中的“themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie”可知选A。❼HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors？____D____A．Shegavehertoystothekids.B．Shetookcareofyoungerchildren.C．ShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelp.D．Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform.解析：考查细节理解。由第七段可知，娜塔莉建立了一个网站，让捐助者与需要帮助的人通过这个网站建立联系，以此来帮助他们，因此选D。❽Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus？____A____A．Littlepeoplecanmakeabigdifference.B．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C．Eastorwest,homeisbest.D．Technologyispower.解析：考查主旨大意。本题给出的四句谚语的含义依次为：“小人物也有大作为”；“患难之友才是真正的朋友”；“金窝银窝不如自己的狗窝”；“技术就是力量”。本文介绍的是14岁的小女孩娜塔莉如何帮助家乡的重建工作，因此选A。eq\x(C)(2016·全国Ⅲ，D)eq\x(导学号)Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowthatinformationisbeingspreadandmonitored(监控)indifferentways,researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrackingpeople'se－mailsandonlineposts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.“The‘ifitbleeds’ruleworksformassmedia，”saysJonahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania.“Theywantyoureyeballsanddon'tcarehowyou'refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.”Researchersanalyzingword－of－mouthmunication—e－mails，Webpostsandreviews,face－to－faceconversations—foundthatittendedtobemorepositivethannegative(消极的),butthatdidn'tnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositivenews.Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybecausepeopleexperiencedmoregoodthingsthanbadthings?Totestforthatpossibility,Dr.Bergerlookedathowpeoplespreadaparticularsetofnewsstories:thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimes'website.HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe“moste－mailed”listforsixmonths.Oneofhisfirstfindswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikelytomakethelistthannon－sciencearticles.HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes'readersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothers.Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.Theyneededtobearoused(激发)onewayortheother,andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad.Themorepositiveanarticle,themorelikelyitwastobeshared,asDr.Bergerexplainsinhisnewbook,“Contagious:WhyThingsCatchOn.”文章大意：本文讲述了科学家对大众传媒的新发现：好消息比坏消息传得更快、更远，越积极乐观的信息越容易被大众分享。❾Whatdotheclassicrulesmentionedinapplyto？____A____A．Newsreports. B．Researchpapers.C．Privatee－mails. D．Dailyconversations.解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段的内容尤其是“Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers”可知，新闻报道惯常报道坏消息来吸引人们的眼球。eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner？____C____A．They'resociallyinactive.B．They'regoodattellingstories.C．They'reinconsiderateofothers.D．They'recarefulwiththeirwords.解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段可知，大众传媒想要吸引你的眼球而不关心你的内心感受，但是当你和朋友分享故事时，你对他们的反应要关心得多，你不希望他们把你看作DebbieDowner。由此可以推断，DebbieDowner和大众传媒是一样的，不会去关心他人的感受，故选C项，inconsiderate意为“不为别人着想的，不考虑他人的”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))Whichtendedtobethemoste－mailedaccordingtoDr.Berger'sresearch？____B____A．Sportsnews. B．Sciencearticles.C．Personalaccounts. D．Financialreviews.解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Oneofhisfirstfindswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikelytomakethelistthannon－sciencearticles”可知，选B项。eq\o(○,\s\up1(12))Whatcanbeasuitabletitlefor？____D____A．SadStoriesTravelFarandWide.B．OnlineNewsAttractsMorePeople.C．ReadingHabitsChangewiththeTimes.D．GoodNewsBeatsBadonSocialNetworks.解析：考查标题判断。本文第一段的最后一句概括了文章的主要内容：通过追踪人们的电子邮件和网上的帖子，科学家已经发现好消息要比坏消息传得更快更远。下文是对这一发现的具体介绍，故选D项。eq\x(D)(2016·四川，D)eq\x(导学号)Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight'ssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin(褪黑激素),whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.Thestudy,byresearchersfromSeoul,SouthKorea,involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.Thosegivennightmilk,whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin,werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime,accordingtothestudypublishedinTheJournalofMedicinalFood.Nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger.Whiletheeffectofcowsmilkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonow,takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight.Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent,whichhelpspeopletorelax.Milkisalsosugar－freeandadditive－freewithnutritionistsremendingskimmedmilkasthebestchoicebeforebedasitistheleastfattening.Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.文章大意：这是一篇研究报告。文章指出在夜间取自奶牛的牛奶“nightmilk”，含有大量的褪黑激素，能帮助人们入睡，减少焦虑。eq\o(○,\s\up1(13))Accordingtohemicefedwithdaytimemilk____B____.A．startedsleepmoreeasily B．weremoreanxiousC．werelessactive D．wokeuplater解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Thosegivennightmilk，whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin，werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime”可知，饮用在白天取自奶牛的牛奶的老鼠更焦虑。故选B项。eq\o(○,\s\up1(14))Whichofthefollowingistrueofmelatoninaccordingto？____D____A．It'sbeentestedonmicefortentimes.B．Itcanmakepeoplemoreenergetic.C．Isinmilkingreatamount.D．It'susedinsleepingdrugs.解析：考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight”可知，褪黑激素被用在安眠药中。故选D项。eq\o(○,\s\up1(15))Whatcanbeasuitabletitlefor？____A____A．NightMilkandSleepB．Fat,SugarandHealthC．AnExperimentonMiceD．MilkDrinkingandHealth解析：考查主旨要义。根据第一段中的“Butnowastudyhasfound，itreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight”和第二段以及第五段内容可知，全文围绕“NightMilkandSleep”展开，告诉读者饮用在晚上取自奶牛的牛奶有助于睡眠。故选A项。eq\o(○,\s\up1(16))Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeof？____D____A．Bygivingexamples.B．Bystatingarguments.C．Byexplainingstatisticaldata.D．Byprovidingresearchresults.解析：考查推理判断。通读全文可知，文中作者通过提供研究结果来支持文章的主题。故选D项。模拟强化eq\x(A)(2017·安徽省合肥市第一次质检)eq\x(导学号)Manyyoungpeoplethesedaysadoretheadvertisedmagazinebodyandbeetoofocusedonattainingthisimageinsteadofworryingmoreaboutwhatlastsandevengrowsovertime.Butcouldyouimaginebeingconsideredbeautifulforyears,andsuddenlybeinguglyaftermovingtoanothercontinent?Itisasadrealitythatpeopledon'trealizehow__vacillating__theideaofbeautycanbefromonecountrytoanother.ThinkofthemosttypicalAmericangirlyouknow.Issheblonde－hairedwithwhiteskinandlightblueeyes,anddoessheloveshoppingorsports?Nowplacethis