2018年高考英语二轮复习练案专题1第2讲推理判断类

专题一阅读理解第二讲推理判断类真题验证题组一eq\x(A)(2017·全国Ⅲ，B)MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater's75－yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding'send.ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary－eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood－byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatopete.Headdedthatthetheater'slocation(位置)wasalsoareason.“Thisusedtobethecenteroftown，”hesaid.“Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.”Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.Thetheateraudiencesaidgood－byeasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthePlazaTheaterhadshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.文章大意：本文讲述的是拥有75年历史的广场剧院在放映完最后一部电影后即将关闭以及市民对它的不舍之情。❶Inwhatwaywasyesterday'scleanupatthePlazaspecial？____B____A．Itmaderoomfornewequipment.B．Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.C．Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.D．Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheate.解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段的最后一句“Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish，anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding'send”可推断出，工人们清理垃圾和清除座位及其他剧院设备是在为剧院的关闭作准备。故选B。❷WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon？____D____A．Itwasanall－timeclassic.B．Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.C．Theaudiencerequestedit.D．Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate”可知，剧院的老板亲自选定了TheLastPictureShow这部电影，因为他认为这部电影很适合。原文中的“appropriate”和D选项的“suitable”都表示“合适的”。故选D。❸Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding？____C____A．Itwillberepaired.B．Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.C．Itwillbeknockeddown.D．Itwillbesoldtothecitygovernment.解析：考查推理判断。第四段最后一句说剧院被卖给了当地的开发公司，该公司计划在剧院所在地建综合购物大楼，因此可推断出剧院将被推倒拆除。故选C。❹Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience？____B____A．TheyaredisappointedwithBradford.B．Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.C．Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials.D．Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段第二句“Thoughthemovieis30yearsold，mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary－eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood－byetotheoldbuilding”可知，观众含泪观看最后一部电影，想向剧院告别；再结合最后一段最后一句“Thetheaterwillbemissed”可以推断出观众对剧院恋恋不舍，与剧院告别让他们感到很悲伤。故选B。eq\x(B)(2017·全国Ⅲ，C)eq\x(导学号)Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theGraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregradually__displaced__byhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations——majorfoodsources(来源)forthewolf——grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation(植被),whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceof'wolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes,andpletelydroveawaythepark'sbeavers.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstoneThegovernmentspentnearly30yearsingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeaeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。在争议了几年之后黄石国家公园终于把灰狼重新引入公园，以保持公园内生态的平衡。❺Whatismainlyabout？____D____A．WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.B．PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.C．Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.D．ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.解析：考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文主要谈了将灰狼重新引入黄石国家公园的原因以及这一举措的成效等，故选D。❻Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inparagraph2mean？____C____A．Tested. B．Separated.C．Forcedout. D．Trackeddown.解析：考查词义猜测。由第二段第一句话可知，曾经黄石公园里有灰狼，下文提到但后来由于人类的发展灰狼数量逐渐减少，几乎消失了，因此可以推出，displaced意为“被迫离开”，故选C。❼Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout？____A____A．Damagetolocalecology.B．Adeclineinthepark'sine.C．Preservationofvegetation.D．Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.解析：考查推理判断。第三段提到由于灰狼的消失，鹿和麋鹿的数量快速增长，消耗了大量的植被，减少了植物种类同时丛林狼的数量增多，园内很多的红狐被猎杀，而河狸也完全消失了，由此推断出灰狼的消失对公园内的生态环境产生了损害。故选A。❽Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject？____B____A．Doubtful. B．Positive.C．Disapproving. D．Uncaring.解析：考查观点态度。根据第五段最后一句中的“avaluableexperiment”可知，作者认为这项工程很有价值，因此他的态度应当是积极肯定的。故选B。eq\x(C)(2017·北京，C)Measles(麻疹),whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine(疫苗).Butthediseaseismakingaeback,causedbyagrowinganti－vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,paredwith189foralloflastyear.Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisiscalled“herdimmunity”，whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan'tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn'twork.Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.ThalywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,N．Y.,wherea17－year－oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout(决定不参加)ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten.Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption(豁免),sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine.Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenoughtolimiions.Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions?Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife－savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey'llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近年来曾经致命且几乎消失了的麻疹卷土重来。究其原因，是少数人拒绝注射疫苗，导致了自己及其他人的健康受损。作者呼吁人人都应该注射麻疹疫苗。❾Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat____A____.A．asmallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrendB．theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattentionC．anti－vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasonsD．informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly解析：考查推理判断。根据前两段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“Thenumbersmightsoundsmall，buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend”可知，少量的麻疹病例却能引起危险的趋势。故选A。eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))Herdimmunityworkswellwhen____C____.A．exemptionsareallowedB．severalvaccinesareusedtogetherC．thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedinD．newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin”可知，只有在大家都参加疫苗接种的情况下群体免疫力才有作用。故选C。eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))Whatisthemainreasonfortheebackofmeasles？____D____A．Theoveruseofvaccine.B．Thelackofmedicalcare.C．Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself.D．Thevaccineopt－outsofsomepeople.解析：考查推理判断。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段和第六段中的“Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout(决定不参加)ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten”可知，麻疹死灰复燃的主要原因是一些人不参加疫苗接种。故选D。eq\o(○,\s\up1(12))Whatisthepurposeofthepassage？____C____A．Tointroducetheideaofexemption.B．Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.C．Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.D．Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.解析：考查写作意图。根据最后一段中的“Everyoneenjoythelife－savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide，butthey'llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks”并结合文中所述的麻疹死灰复燃的事实可知，作者的目的是强调麻疹疫苗接种的重要性。故选C。eq\x(D)(2017·浙江，C)eq\x(导学号)FLORENCE,Italy—SvetlanaCojochrufeelshurt.TheMoldovanhaslivedheresevenyearsasacaregivertoItaliankidsandtheelderly,butinordertostayshe'shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytakingatestwhichrequireshertowriteapostcardtoanimaginaryfriendandanswerafictionaljobad.ItalyisthelatestWesternEuropeancountrytryingtocontrolagrowingimmigrant(移民)populationbydemandinglanguageskillsinexchangeforworkpermits,orinsomecases,citizenship.Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmoredifficultfornativestokeepjobs,suchmeasureswillbeemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration(融合).Otherssayit'sonlynaturalthatnewerslearnthelanguageoftheirhostnation,seeingitasaconditiontoensuretheycancontributetosociety.OtherEuropeancountrieslaiddownasimilarrequirementforimmigrants,andsometermsareeventougher.Thegovernmentsarguethatthiswillhelpforeignersbetterjointhesocietyandpromoteunderstandingacrosscultures.Italy,whichhasamuchweakertraditionofimmigration,haswitnessedasharpincreaseinimmigrationinrecentyears.In1990,immigrantsnumberedsome1.14millionoutofItaly'sthen56.7millionpeople,orabout2percent.Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4.56millionofatotalpopulationof60.6million,or7.5percent,withimmigrants'childrenaccountingforanevenlargerpercentageofbirthsinItaly.Cojochru,theMoldovancaregiver,hopedobtainingpermanentresidence(居住权)wouldhelpherbringhertwochildrentoItaly;theylivewithhersisterinMoldova,wheresalariesareamongthelowestinEurope.Shewasskepticalthatthelanguagerequirementwouldencourageintegration.Italiansalways“seemeasaforeigner，”anoutsider,eventhoughshe'sstayedinthecountryforyearsandcanspeakthelocallanguagefluently,shesaid.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。科约卡鲁在意大利佛罗伦萨打工已经七年了，但为了继续待在这里她不得不通过考试来证明自己的语言技能——近几年意大利的外来移民越来越多，政府认为让外来移民参加语言考试，是为了帮助他们更好地融入社会，促进文化交流，而一些移民感觉这一举措让自己受到了伤害。eq\o(○,\s\up1(13))WhydoesCojochruhavetotakealanguagetest？____A____A．TocontinuetostayinItaly. B.ToteachherchildrenItalian.D.TofindabetterjobinItaly. D.TobettermixwiththeItalians.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句话中的butinordertostayshe'shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytakingatest可知，为了能继续留在意大利，科约卡鲁需要参加语言测试来证明她的语言技能。故选A。eq\o(○,\s\up1(14))Somepeopleworrythatthenewlanguagerequirementmay____B____.A．reduceItaly'spopulationquickly B.causeconflictsamongpeopleD.putdtofinancialdifficulties D.putpressureonschools解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句话中的suchmeasureswillbeemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration可以看出，有的移民担心对移民的语言测试和要求可能会导致各民族间的偏执而非融合，故选B项“在人们之间引起冲突”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(15))WhatdoweknowaboutCojochru？____C____A．SheliveswithhersisternowinItaly.B．SheenjoyslearningtheItalianlanguage.D．ShespeaksItalianwellenoughforherjob.C．Shewishestogobacktoherhomecountry.解析：考查推理判断。由最后一段中的eventhoughshe'sstayedinthecountryforyearsandcanspeakthelocallanguagefluently可以看出，科约卡鲁的意大利语说得足够流利，这让她能够胜任她的工作，故选C项。题组二eq\x(A)(2017·北京，A)eq\x(导学号)ItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm.Eighth－graderTaylorBisbeeshivered(发抖)alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn'tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground.“Paris'seyesrolledback，”Taylorsays.“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.”Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirst,noonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR？”CPRisalife－savingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson'schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygenthebrainisdamagedquickly.Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn'tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath，”saysTaylor.Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris'sheartbeatreturned.“IknowIwasreallylucky，”Parissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon'tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.”ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow，”Taylorsays.“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.”文章大意：这是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了垒球队中的女队员Paris在打球过程中突发心力衰竭，队友Taylor对她进行了紧急心肺复苏，Paris最后恢复了心跳的故事。Taylor勇敢、冷静，用所学的急救知识救助他人。❶WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday？____B____A．Shecaughtabadcold.B．Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C．Shewasknockeddownbyaball.D．Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice.解析：was.Paris第三段中的“Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure”可知，Paris突发心力衰竭。故选B。❷WhydoesParissayshewaslucky？____C____A．Shemadeaworthyfriend.B．Sherecoveredfromshock.C．ShereceivedimmediateCPR.D．Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.解析：考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR”以及第六段在队友和学校护士的帮助下Paris的心跳恢复了(Paris'sheartbeatreturned)以及倒数第二段中的“Forasuddenheartfailure，thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly”可知，Paris得到了及时的心肺复苏(CPR)救助。故选C。❸WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor？____B____A．Enthusiasticandkind.B．Courageousandcalm.C．Cooperativeandgenerous.D．Ambitiousandprofessional.解析：scary.I根据第五段中的“Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.‘Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath，’saysTaylor”和第六段中的“Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown”可知，Taylor是一位勇敢、冷静的女孩。面对紧急情况，她不慌不乱，用所学的急救知识迅速帮助他人，并用自己的举动感染队友，让她们镇静下来参与救助。故选B。eq\x(B)(2017·全国Ⅱ，B)IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn'twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon'tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft(技艺)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore(核心)ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou'refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback—hewithhisNewman'sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn'tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharing__that__broughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He'dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn'ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn'tneedalotofwords.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了与Paul的相识及与其建立友谊的原因，虽不常见面但是却因共同的信念而保持着友谊。❹Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletoauthoratfirst？____C____A．PaulNewmanwantedit.B．Thestudiopowersdidn'tlikehisagent.C．Hewasn'tfamousenough.D．Thedirectorremendedsomeoneelse.解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Whenthestudiodidn'twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme”可知，摄影棚起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与Paul一样著名的人物。故可知作者当时不够有名。该题选C项。❺WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship？____D____A．Theywereofthesameage.B．Theyworkedinthesametheater.C．Theywerebothgoodactors.D．Theyhavesimilarcharacteristics.解析：play.Both文章第二段中的“Wewererespectfulofcraft(技艺)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors”可知，作者与Paul之所以拥有持久的友谊是因为他们有相似的性格特征。故D项符合题意。❻Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto？____A____A．Theirbelief. B．Theircareforchildren.C．Theirsuccess. D．Theirsupportforeachother.解析：考查代词指代。根据第三段中的“Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou'refortunateenoughtohavesuccess，youshouldputsomethingback”可知，下文的内容是对thebelief的解释，that引导同位语从句，解释说明thebelief的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。故选A项。❼Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwriting？____B____A．Toshowhisloveoffilms.B．Torememberafriend.C．Tointroduceanewmovie.D．Tosharehisactingexperience.解析：考查写作目的。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968”以及最后一段中的“Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago”可知，该篇文章的写作目的是回忆一位朋友，所以选B项。eq\x(C)(2017·江苏，C)Anewmoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast－growingindustry，urgingantitrust(反垄断)regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago,theresourceinquestionwasoil.Nowsimilarconcernsarebeingraisedbythegiants(巨头)thatdealindata,theoilofthedigitalage.ThemostvaluablefirmsareGoogle,Amazon,FacebookandMicrosoft.Alllookunstoppable.Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.Butsizealoneisnotacrime.Thegiants'successhasbenefitedconsumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquickdelivery.Farfromchargingconsumershighprices,manyoftheseservicesarefree(userspay,ineffect,byhandingoveryetmoredata).Andtheappearanceofnew－borngiantssuggeststhatnewerscanmakewaves,too.Butthereiscauseforconcern.Theinternethasmadedataabundant,all－presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandpetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:translationandvisualrecognition,tobesoldtootherpanies.Internetpanies'controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God'seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.Thisnatureofdatamakestheantitrustmeasuresofthepastlessuseful.BreakingupfirmslikeGoogleintofivesmalloneswouldnotstopremakingthemselves:intime,oneofthemwouldbeegreatagain.Arethinkisrequired—andasanewapproachstartstobeeapparent,twoideasstandout.Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomovefromtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury.Whenconsideringamerger(兼并),forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounoffirms'dataassets(资产)whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestablishedpanyisbuyinganew－bornthreat.Whenthistakesplace,especiallywhenanew－bornpanyhasnorevenuetospeakof,theregulatorsshouldraiseredflags.Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofon－lineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoretothosewhosupplythem.paniescouldbeforcedtorevealtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmanymoneytheymakefromit.Governmentscouldorderthesharingofcertainkindsofdata,withusers'consent.Restartingantitrustfortheinformationagewillnotbeeasy.Butifgovernmentsdon'twantadataeconomycontrolledbyafewgiants,theymustactsoon.文章大意：一种新的商品引发了高利润的、快速增长的产业，迫使反垄断管理者介入控制那些处于主导地位的公司。❽Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants？____A____A．Theyhavecontrolledthedatamarket. B．Theycollectenormousprivatedata.C．Theynolongerprovidefreeservices. D．Theydismissedsomenew－borngiants.解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段的首句“Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup”可知，这种形势要求科技巨头解体。这种形势是指上文提及的那几家大公司垄断了数据市场，故选A。❾WhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate？____C____A．Datagiants'technologyisveryexpensive.B．Google'sideaispopularamongdatafirms.C．Datacanstrengthengiants'controllingposition.D．Datacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproducts.解析：考查细节理解。从第三段可知，以谷歌公司为例，这些科技巨头发现了数据可以转变为新的服务，例如翻译和视觉识别，这些都可以卖给其他公司。因特网公司对于数据的控制赋予了他们巨大的权力，从而可以增强他们的控制地位。故选C。eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))Bypayingattentiontofirms'dataassets,antitrustregulatorscould____B____.A．killanewthreat B.avoidthesizetrapD.chargebiggerfirms D.chargehigherprices解析：could...a第五段可知，反垄断机构在考虑兼并时，通常根据规模来决定何时进行干预，现在当评估这些交易的影响时，他们需要考虑到这些公司的数据资产的范围，再根据“Thepurchasepricecould...anew－bornthreat”可知，通过重视公司的数据资产，反垄断管理者可以避免规模陷阱。故选B。eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))Whatisthepurposeoflooseningthegiants'controlofdata？____D____A．Bigpaniescouldrelievedatasecuritypressure.B．Governmentscouldrelievetheirfinancialpressure.C．Consumerscouldbetterprotecttheirprivacy.D．Smallpaniescouldgetmoreopportunities.解析：考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段可知，放松网络服务商对于数据的控制，把更多的份额给数据提供者，从而让小公司也有机会发展。故选D。eq\x(D)(2017·北京，D)eq\x(导学号)Hollywood'stheorythatmachineswithevil(邪恶的)mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybeeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell－knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics(控制论),putitthisway:“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere(干预),wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin－born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.”However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron－induced(中子诱导)nuclearchainreaction.文章大意：这是一篇科技说明文。文中主要介绍了人工智能(AI)随着科技的发展可能超出人类的控制以及人类应如何应对此类安全问题等相关信息。eq\o(○,\s\up1(12))Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay____A____.A．runoutofhumancontrolB．satisfyhuman'srealdesiresC．mandarmiesofkillerrobotsD．workfasterthanamathematician解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybeeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant”可知，人工智能可能会变得非常擅长完成目标，而这些目标可能不是人们真正想要的，所以人工智能有可能摆脱人的控制。故选A。eq\o(○,\s\up1(13))Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto____A____.A．preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedB．achievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyC．doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersD．beathumansininternationalchessmatches解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality，onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings：awishtopreserveitsownexiste