上海牛津版高一年级下册册-第6讲-阅读拓展训练T

第6讲阅读拓展训练T

知识点1:题型说明

社会生活类阅读文章在高考中的出现频率较高。它涉及人们衣、食、住、行等方面的社会万象、生活

经历、饮食、饮食与健康、休闲与娱乐、旅游、生态旅游、服装、住房等等内容。这类文章同学们读起来

感觉轻松，试题做起来也比较得心应手。在高考阅读理解题中，这类文章属搭配类材料，所以，它的命题

多数属于中低等难度的送分题，如事实细节题、计算题、识图题等。遇到这类文章时，我们一定要抓住得

分机遇，尽量不要失分。

知识点2：答题方法

读这类文章要特别注意做好事实细节题。对于细节试题，同学们要先从题干中找到关健性词语，然后采

用略读或跳读，快速在文章中寻找相关细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，细心比较所给选项

与文中细节的区别，在准确理解了细节的前提下，最终确定最佳答案。具体解题步骤如下：

I.读题干：阅读题干，发现关键词和起主导作用的内容。一般情况下，问题出现的前后顺序与文章中细

节和事实出现的先后顺序是一致的。

2.找细节：阅读文章内容，寻找与题干相符合的具体细节。要注意的是，对作者使用的同义词或与之相

关的词语和句子千万不能忽略。

3.巧答题：根据前两步所得到的信息回答问题。阅读问题所给的四个选项，检查文中的细节与哪一项相

符。当题干中有诸如“NOT'或"except”时，同学们一定要特别小心，力求在文章中找到相关的有

力证据。

I.Readandchoosethebestanswer.

(A)

Walking,cyclingorhoppingortopublictransportarcthebestwaystotravel

withacleanconscience.Yetcarsremainanimportantoptionformanyfamilies

becauseofitsconvenience.Forpeopleinruralareas,orwithmobilityproblems,a

carcanbeanessentiallifeline.

Drivewithstyle

Nomatterwhatkindofcaryourun,theleastreliablepartwillbeyou:yourdrivingstyleliasamassive

impactonthefuelneeded,withacceleration,gear-changingandbrakingallplayingasignificantrole.

Inchingalongatthepaceofachild'stricyclemightfeelfrugalbutwon'tmagicallyyieldpeakeconomy.In

mostmoderncars,acceleratenormally,changingupat2.000rpminadiesel,or2,500rpminapetrol-poweredcar.

Onceatasensiblesteadyspeed,choosethehighestgearthatwilllettheenginerunwithoutlaboring.

Anumberofeco-drivingappsareavailableforsmartphones,tohelpyouimproveyoursmoothness.TheA

GlassofWateriPhoneappofferstipstohelpyouavoidspillingadrop.ThefreeRACTrafficappisalsoagreat

waytoavoidwastingfuelintrafficjams.

It'salsoimportantto:

•Checktyrepressuresonceamonth.

•Leavejunkathome.Carryingextraweightinthebootwastesexcessfuel.

•Leaveingoodtimeanddon'tspeed.Anextra1Omphonthemotorwaywilladd10%toyourfuelbill.

Powerplays

Itmaybedecadesbeforealternativefuelssuchashydrogenbecomecommonplace,buthybridcarsthatuse

batterypowertoboostapetrolordieselenginearealreadyavailableineverycategory.Itmeansmanyfamilies

mightfindanelectricvehicleidealasasecondcar.

Sellyourwheels,stilltravelbycar

Ifyouneedacarforshortperiods,suchasshopping,andliveinacity,thenconsiderashort-termcar-hire

servicesuchasZipcarinsteadofowningacar.Ifyou'retravelinglongerdistances,payyourshareofthefuel

coststosomeonewho'salreadydrivingthere.

I.WhatcanyouinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2?

A.Choosingafuel-savingcarmattersmorethanyourdrivingstyle.

B.Yourdrivingstylemattersmosttothefuelneeded.

C.Youshouldrelyonyourselftodriveacar.

D.Whetheracarsavesfueldependslargelyonthecaryouchoose.

2.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.ecologicalB.convenientC.economicalD.beneficial

3.Whichof(hefollowingisNOTasuggestedwayofsavingfuelaccordingtothewriter?

A.Drivingalongataverylowspeed.

B.Checkingtyrepressuresregularly.

C.Puttingtheextraweightofftheboot.

D.Applyingthecco-drivingappsonsmartphones.

4.Whichmaybethebestchoicefbravisitingscholarwhofrequentlygiveslecturesa(collegesinaneighboring

town?

A.Walking.B.Owningar.electricvehicle.

C.Rentingacar.D.Buyingastylishcar.

解析：

【文章大意】较为贴近生活，I制绕交通工具-汽车进行展开，论述了如何对其合理使用，本文与建设节约型，

可持续发展社会的号召相得益彰。

I.【解析】选B.本题为推断题。从义章第.段第一句来看**yourdrivingstylehasamassiveimpactonthefuel

needed,withacceleration,gear-changingandbrakingallplayingasignificantrole.”可以推断出个人的驾车

风格对于油量的消耗，车子的驱动都起着重要的作用。

2•【解析】选C.本题考查的是学生的词义猜测能力。划线部分单词为户第三段首句用诙谐的语言讲

述“如果开车时以孩子脚踏车的速度前行的话会…但长远来看却不会产生很高的经济效益。因此

可以推断出该词的意思应该为“节约，节俭”economical意为“经济的，节约的”。

3.【解析】选A.本题为细节题，要求选出一项不能节省油量耗费的方式。A指开得很慢，有第三段“Once

atasensiblesteadyspeed,choosethehighestgearthatwilllettheenginerunwithoutlaboring.''句意

为：开车的时候如果能保持车速稳定，那车次开起来的话也不会太费周折。但需要注意的是开

得稳并不代表开得慢，因此可以排除该项：B指经常检查轮胎，这从文章第五段所给建议的第

一项“Checktyrepressuresonceamonth.”找到依据，是正确选项；C选项指的是将车子行李箱

上的额外的重量去掉。这点从"Leavejunkathome.Carryingextraweightinthebootwastesexcess

fuel”可以找到依据，为正确选项；

4.【解析】选C,该题属于推断题。要求学生在明确文意的基础上进行推测。题干要求给一个经常去附近

城镇大学开讲座的教授提供一个行之有效的出行方式。该题信息定位在最后一段，“Ifyouneeda

carfbrshortperiods,suchasshopping,andliveinacity,thenconsiderashort-termcar-hireservice

suchasZipcarinsteadofowningacar.”即如果出行距离不是太远，并且出行频率较高的话可以考

虑短期的车辆租赁服务。

2

好词好句梳理：

Yourdrivingstylehasamassiveimpactonthefuelneeded,withacceleration,gear-changingandbrakingall

playingasignificantrole.

句意分析：你个人的驾驶风格对燃料的耗费有很大的影响；车速的增加，齿轮方向的改变及时不时的刹车

都起了重要的作用。

语法点：

1.haveanimpacton,playarole(inj...

2.Onceatasensiblesteadyspeed,choosethehighestgearthatwilllettheenginerunwithoutlaboring.

句意分析：一旦开车时选择了合理的匀速运动，你可以汽车的排档调到最大，使得发动机的在运行的时候

亳不费力。

语法点：句中包含一个状语从句，一个定语从句。状语从句为条件状语从句，定语从句中山河充当主语成

分,

(B)

Textinghaslongbeenbemoaned(哀叹)asthedownfallofthewrittenword,“penmanshipforilliterates,Mas

onecriticcalledit.TowhichtheproperresponseisLOL.Textingproperlyisn'twritingatall.It'sa"spoken”

languagethatisgettingricherandmorecomplexbytlicycai.

First,somehistoricalperspective.Writingwasonlyinvented5,500yearsago,whereaslanguageprobably

tracesbackatleast80,000years.Thustalkingcamefirst,writingisjustacraftthatcamealonelater.Assuch,the

firstwritingwasbasedonthewaypeopletalk,withshortsentences.However,whiletalkingislargely

subconsciousandrapid,writingisdeliberateandslow.Overtime,writerstookadvantageofthisandstarted

craftinglong-windedsentencessuchasthisone:"Thewholeengagementlastedabove12hours,tillthegradual

retreatofthePersianswaschangedintoadisorderlyflight,ofwhichtheshamefulexamplewasgivenbythe

principalleadersand

Noonetalkslikethatcasually-orshould.Butitisnatural(odesirelodosoforspecialoccasions.Intheold

days,wedidntmuchwriteliketalkingbecausetherewasnomechanismtoreproducethespeedofconversation.

Buttextingandinstantmessagingdo-andarevolutionhasbegun.Itinvolvesthecrudemechanicsofwriting,but

initseconomy,spontaneityandevenvulgarity,textingisactuallyanewkindoftalking,withitsownkindof

grammarandconventions.

TakeLOL.Itdoesn'tactuallymean“laughingoutloud”inaliteralsenseanymore.LOLhasevolvedinto

somethingmuchsubtlerandsophisticatedandisusedevenwhennothingisremotelyamusing.Jocelyntexts

“Wherehaveyoubeen?”andAnnabelletextsback"LOLatthelibrarystudyingforIwohours.^^LOLsignalbasic

empathy(同感)betweentexters,easingtensionandcreatingasenseofequality.Insteadofhavingaliteral

meaning,itdoessomething——conveyinganaltitude-justlikethe-edendingconveyspasttenseratherthan

“meaning"anything.LOL,ofallthings,isgrammar.

Ofcoursenoonethinksaboutthatconsciously.Butthenmostofcommunicationoperateswithoutbeing

noticed.Overtime,themeaningofawordoranexpressiondrifts—meatusedtomeananykindoffood,sillyused

tomean,believeitornot,blessed.

Civilization,then,isfine—peoplebangingawayontheirsmartphonesarefluentlyusingacodeseparate

fromtheonetheyuseinactualwriting,andthereisnoevidencethattextingisruiningcompositionskills.

Worldwidepeoplespeakdifferentlyfrom(hewaytheywrite,andtexting-quick,casualandonlyintendedlobe

readonce——isactuallyawayoftalkingwithyourfingers.

56.Whatdocriticssayabouttexting?

A.Itismainlyconfinedtoyoungsters

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B.Itcompeteswithtraditionalwriting.

C.Itwillruinthewrittenlanguage.

D.Itisoftenhardtounderstand.

57.Inwhatwaydoestheauthorsaywritingisdifferentfromtalking?

A.Itiscraftedwithspecificskills.

B.Itexpressesideasmoreaccurately.

C.Itdoesnothaveaslongahistory.

D.Itisnotaseasytocomprehend.

58.WhyisLOLmuchusedintexting?

A.Itbringstextersclosertoeachother.

B.Itshowsthetexter'ssophistication.

C.Itisatrendywaytocommunicate

D.Itaddstothehumorof(hetext

59.Exampleslikemeatandsillyarecitedtoshow.

A.thedifferencebetweenwritingandtalking

B.howdifferentlywordsareusedintexting

C.whypeopleusethewordsthewaytheydo

D.thegradualchangeofwordmeaning

60.Whatdocstheauthorthinkoftexting?

A.Ilfacilitatesexchangeofideasamongpeople.

B.Itisanewformofverbalcommunication.

C.Itdeterioratespeople'scompositionskills.

D.Ithastensthedeclineofthewrittenword.

长难句分析：

Peoplebangingawayontheirsmartphonesarefluentlyusingacodeseparatefromtheonetheyusein

actualwriting,andthereisnoevidencethattextingisruiningcompositionskills.

主干是由and引导的并列句：people.,andthereis…。第一个分句主干是peoplearefluentlyusingacode；

bangingawayontheirsmartphones作定语修饰people,separatefromtheone做定语修饰code；theyuse

inactualwriting做定语修饰theone。

Keys:CAADB

解析：

56.题干问到批评者对短消息的评价，这出现在首段首句。这里批评者哀叹短消息是downfallofthewritten

word(书面文字的衰落)。downfall对应ruin(毁坏、堕落)，writtenword对应writtenlanguage。

57.题干所问的书面语与口语的区别出现在第二段。本段，作者用两者历史长短的差异引出了两者特点的

差异：书面语是出现在口语之后的一种工艺(writingisjustacraftthatcamealonglater)<>下文具体举例，

体现了书面语突出句子的技术性(craftinglong-windedsentences)«这都对应A选项。C选项所说的''书面

语历史不如口语久”(Itdoesnothaveaslongahistory)在本段有提及，但并非是作者强调的两者的区别。其

它选项未提及。

58.题干问到LOL在短信中的功能，出现在第四段。该段开头指出LOL并不是简单的字面意思(doesn't

mean…inaliteralsenseanymore),而是演变为了更微妙、复杂的含义(evolveintosomethingmuchsubtler

andsophisticatcd)o该段中间进一步举例指出，LOL可以消除对话双方的紧张、创造公平感(easingtension

andcreatingasenseofequality)o这即被改写为bringstexterscloser(将双方拉得更近)。

59.题干问到meat和silly的例子被引用是为了说明什么。文中meat和silly出现在第五段末的破折号后，

而破折号前即是这两个词作为例子要论证的观点：词与表达的意思会随着时间变化(Overtime,the

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meaningofawordoranexpressionfrits)。这对应的即是D选项。

60.本题所问的作者对短信息的观点集中出现在末段。末段首句作者提出发短信并不会导致写作技能的衰

退(thereisnoevidencethattextingisruiningcompositionskills)o第二句提到发短信事实上是一种用手指

说话的方式(isactuallyawayoftalkingwithyourfingers),这对应的就是B选项的意思。

II.Readandanswerthequestions.

(A)

Questions:

1.Accordingtothepassage,whyareAsianpeoplesodrawntoVegas?

2.Whenisthebestlimetogetagoodpriceforaposhroom?

KEYS:

1.BecauseofthecompactnessofVegas.

2.Inthemid-week.

(B)

DiningAndEntertainingInLasVegas

Haven'tbeentoLasVegas(拉斯维加斯)yet?You'reinacrowdthat'sgettingsmallerallthetime.Last

year,800,000AsiansmadethepilgrimagetotheneonMeccaintheNevadadesert.LedbytheJapanese,Asian

travelersmakeupVegas'slargestoverseasmarket.JAL(日本航空公司)nowrunsfivenon-stopflightsweekly

fromTokyo.Whilethere'snodirectservicefromotherAsiancities,rememberthatVegasislessthananhour's

flightfromLosAngeles.

WhatmakesVegassuchadrawforpeoplefromthispartoftheworld?PerhapsresidentsofAsia'ssprawling

mcga-citiesappreciateitscompactness:Vegasletsyoucombinegambling,flashycultureandthemeparkinone

heckofaholiday.Andthentherearethoseotherworldlyhotels,thebuildings(hatlookasifthey'vebeen

transportedtoVegasinatimemachine.Thelatestinthislong,gaudylineis760millioninParis,whichincludesa

50-storyreproductionoftheEiffelTower,atwo-thirdsscalereplicaoftheArcdeTrimopheandcobble-stoned

streetslinedwithfancyboutiques.TheonlythingsmissingfromthefullParisexperiencearesurlywaitersand

overflowinggutters.Anothernewresort,MandalayBay,isbuiltintheshapeofuprightbarsofgoldbullionand

attempttoconjureupasemi-imaginarylocalethatispartBali.

Asidefromthearrestingarchitecture,whatmakesthesehotelsinterestingistheirafford-ability."High

season"hereiseveryThursday,FridayandSaturday,sothebesttimetogetagoodpriceonaposhroomis

mid-wcck.AtthedeluxeFourSeasons,theonlypropertyintownwithoutacasino,low-tideratesstartatamodest

195forastandardroom,andBellagiocanhouseyoufbraslittleas139.Atpeaklime,thosepricescandouble.

WhatcanyoudoinVegasbesidesgamble?Plenty.Inlessthanfourhoursyoucanbewhiskedfromyour

hoteltoheGrandCanyonviahelicopterandenjoyachampagnepicnicdownonthecanyonfloor.Then〔here's

worldclassshopping:VegasretailerrivalanythingofferedbytheircounterpartsonritzyFifthAvenueorRodeo

Drive.

生词学习:

reproduction!ri:pro'dAkp)n]n.再现，复制，生appreciate[o'pn:fieit]vt.欣赏，感激，

殖，幼树赏识

vt.领会，充分意

flight[flait]n.飞行，航班canyon['kaenjon]n.峡谷

n.奇思妙想，一段

5

楼

tureltju:n]n.曲调，调子，和mega-cityn.大城市，特大城

谐，协调，调整市

vt.请

没有希望的（结

unpromising!'An'proinisirjJadj.otherworldlyadj.非现实

果未必良好的）

世界的，来世的，

超世俗的，超自然

的。

combine[kom'bain]V.结合，联合，使Gaudy[go:di:]花哨的，（尤指）

结合俗气的

n.集团，联合企业

modest['modistladj.谦虚的，适度conjureup使某事物浮现于

的，端庄的脑际

resortn.（度假）胜地，手posh[pMadj.精美的，豪华

段，凭借的，漂亮的

vi.诉诸

propertyI'propati]n.财产，所有物，pilgrimage['pilgr9inidn.朝圣之旅；vi.去

性质，地产，道具3]朝圣

sprawling['spro:lig]adj.蔓生的,不规则compactnessn.紧密，坚实，紧

地伸展的[kompcektms]凑，小巧

gutters[gAtoz]n.（路边）排水沟deluxe[di'lAks]adj.高级的；豪华

的

whisked[hwiskt]V.搅动（液体、鸡rival[raivgl,raivl]VI.与……竞争，比

蛋等;，匆匆带走得上某人

ritzy[ritsi]adj.豪华的，时髦的，

讲究的

长难句学习：

1、You'reinacrowdthat'sgettingsmallerallthetime.

解析：乍一看，这句话有些莫名其妙，但是结合前后句，意思是：现在没去过拉斯韦加斯的人可是越

来越少了。

2、Thelatestin（hislong,gaudylineis760millioninParis,whichincludesa50-storyreproductionoftheEiffel

Tower,atwo-thirdsscalereplicaoftheArcdeTrimopheandcobble-stonedstreetslinedwithfancyboutiques.

解析：是定语从句，定语从句部分包含3个并列。这一系列花哨建筑的最新成员是造价7.6亿美元的

巴黎大饭店。它包含了一座50层楼面的仿埃菲尔铁塔、原规模三分之二的仿凯旋门、一排排小

饰品店，以及由大卵石铺成的条条街道。

（C）

Questions:

1.DoesOwenthinkitappropriatetobeayoungfather?Why?

2.Whatwillhappenifwearereluctant（ohelpyoungfather?

KEYS:

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1.Yes,hedoes.Hethinksthatfatherhoodbringsevenmoreexcitementthanhiscareer.

2.Morechildrenborntoteenagefatherwilllosetheirfatherwhoplaysimportantroleintheirlife.

YoungMenAsParents

FootballstarMichaelOwenannouncedlastweekthat,at22,hewillsoonfollowfellowEnglandstar,David

Beckham,27,intothelabor-ward.

ThisimpressionisbackedupbyafewsurveysonthematinghabitsofyoungBritish.Infact,Britishyoung

menarefivelimesmorelikelythantheirItaliancontemporariestohavesettleddownby25.

Sowhatishappening?Hasthe"Loaded"generationgonesoft?Celebrityhasdoneaservicebycastingits

limelightonalargelyinvisiblesideoffatherhood.

WhenMichaelDouglas(ageingAmericanactor)revealsaboutthewrinklyendof【he

paternalexperience,MichaelOwenisdoingfbrboydads.

PowerfulcelebrityrolemodelssuchasBeckhamhelpyoungfathersfeellessofanalien.Beckham,of

course,hasnoproblemwiththebreadwinnerbit,buthisdistinguishingcharacteristicishispublicendorsementof

caringfatherhood.Forayoungdad,thiscanbeliberation.

Just20percentofteenagefathersremainintouchwiththemothers15yearslater.Itmeansthat8,(X)0

childrenbomtoteenagedadthisyearwillnotbeseeinghimbythetimetheythemselvesareteenagers.

Doesthismattertothechild?Hugely.AccordingtorecentfindingsbyProfessorJudyDunnattheUK's

Instituteofpsychiatry,acloserelationshipbetweenanestrangedfatherandhischildishhighlybeneficialtoa

child'sdevelopment,particularlywhenthemotherbecamepregnantasateenager.

NewresearchfromBristolUniversityinEnglandsuggeststhatyoungfatherhood,farfrombeingproblematic,

canbringyoung,disadvantagedmenoutofsocialexclusion.

ThestatehasyettoappreciatethepotentialofyoungfatherssummedupbyMichaelOwen'swords:"I'vehad

afewexcitingmomentsinmycareerbutnothingthatcomparestohowIfeltwhenLouisetoldmethenews."

TheexampleofMichaelOwen'spublicexcitementmaybolstersomeisolatedyoungmen.Butaslongasto

manyotherpeopleandinstitutionsareambivalentabouthisroleandfailtoofferahelpinghand,chatfigureof

8,COOchildrenintheUKlosingtheiryoungdadsbytheirteenageyearsisunlikelytofall.

练习题：

TrueorFalse:

1.YoungmeninUKislesslikelytogetmarriedbefore25than(hoseinItaly.

2.Celebrity'swayoflifecanaffectaverageperson.

3.Thoughfatheroftwochildren,Beckhamneversupportscaringfatherhood.

4.20%ofthechildrenborntoateenagefatherwillnotlivewithiheirfatherwhenthesechildrenareintheirteenag

c.

5.80%maleswhogetmarriedinteenswillleavetheirmatesin15years.

KEYS:

1.F2.T3.F4.F5.T

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(D)

Question:

WhatdocompanieswantingaGMproductapprovedintheUKorUSAdo?

KEY：Theyarerequiredtoprovideregulatorybodieswithresultsoftheirownsafetytests.

IsGMFoodSafeToEat?

Traditionalplantbreedinginvolvescrossingvarietiesofthesamespeciesinwaystheycouldcrossnaturally.

Forexample,disease-resistantvarietiesofwheathavebeencrossedwithhigh-yieldwheattocombinethese

properties.Thistypeofnaturalgeneexchangeissafeandfairlypredictable.

Geneticengineering(GE)involvesexchanginggenesbetweenunrelatedspeciesthatcannotnaturally

exchangegeneswitheachother.GEcaninvolvetheexchangeofgenesbetweenvastlydifferentspecies—c.g.

puttingscorpiontoxingenesintomaizeorfishantifreezegenesintotomatoes.Itispossiblethatascorpiontoxin

gene,evenwhenitisinmaizeDNA,willstillgettheorganismcoproducescorpion(oxin-butwhatother

effectsmayithaveinthisalienenvironment?Wearealreadyseeingthisproblem—addinghumangrowth

hormonegeneslopigscertainlymakes(hemgrow-butitalsogivesthemarthritisandmakesthemcross-eyed,

whichwasentirelyunpredictable.

Itwillbeobvious,forexample,thatthegeneforhumanintelligencewillnothavethesameeffectifinserted

intocabbageDNAasithadinhumanDNA——butwhatside-effectwouldithave?Inotherwords,isGMfoodsafe

toeat?Theansweristhatnobodyknowsbecauselong-termtestshavenotbeencarriedout.

CompanieswantingaGMproductapprovedintheUKorUSAarerequiredtoprovideregulatorybodies

withresultsoftheirownsafetytests.Monsanto'ssoyabeanswereapparentlyfedtofishfbr10weeksbefore

beingapproved.Therewasnorequreinenlforindependenttesting,forlong-termtesting,fortestingonhumansor

testingforspecificdangerstochildrenorallcrgicpcoplc.

ThecurrentpositionoftheUKGovernmentisthat"Thereisnoevidenceoflong-termdangersfromGM

foods.HIntheUS,theAmericanFoodandDrugAdministrationiscurrentlybeingprosecutedforcoveringup

researchthatsuggestedpossiblerisksfromGMfoods.

I.MatchthewordswiththeirChinesequivalents:

1.disease-resistantA.掩盖(真相)

2.side-effectB.高产的

3.long-termdangersC.长期危害

4.coverupD.副作用

5.high-yieldE.抗病的

KEYS:I.1.E2.D3.C4.A5.B

8

(E)

Publicityoffersseveralbenefits.Therearenotcostsformessagetimeorspace.Anadinprime-time

televisionmaycost$250,000toS5,000,000ormoreperminute,whereasafivc-minutcreportonanetwork

newscastwouldnotcostanything.Publicityreachesamassaudiencewithinashorttimeandnewproductsor

companypoliciesarewidelyknown.

Credibilityaboutmessagesishigh,becausetheyarereportedinindependentmedia.Anewspaperreviewofa

moviehasmorebelievabilitythananadinthesamepaper,becausethereaderassociatesindependencewith

objectivity.Similarly,peoplearemorelikelytopayattentiontonewsreportsthantoads.Forexample.Womens

WearDailyhasbothfashionreportsandadvertisements.Readersspendtimereadingthestories,buttheyskim

throughtheads.Furthermore,theremaybe10commercialsduringahalf-hourtelevisionprogramorhundredsof

adsinamagazine.Featurestoriesaremuchfewerinnumberandstandoutclearly.

Publicityalsohassomesignificantlimitations.Afirmhaslittlecontrolovermessages,theirtiming,their

placement,ortheircoveragebyagivenmedium.Itmayissuedetailednewsreleasesandfindonlyportions

mentionedbythemedia,andmediahavetheabilitytobemuchmorecriticalthanafirmwouldlike.

Forexample,in1982,Procter&Gamblefacedamassivepublicityproblemoverthemeaningofits

123-year-oldcompanylogo.Tofightthisnegativepublicity,thefirmhadaspokespersonappearonGood

MorningAmericatodisprovetherumor(i密言).Thefalserumorsweretemporarilyputtorest.However,in1985,

publicitybecamesotroublemakingthatProcter&Gambledecidedtoremovethelogofromitsproducts.

Afirmmaywantpublicityduringcertainperiods,suchaswhenanewproductisintroducedornewstore

opened,butthemediamaynotcovertheintroductionoropeninguntilafterthetimeitwouldaidthefirm.

Similarly,mediadeterminetheplacementofastory;itmayfollowareportoncrimeorsports.Finally,themedia

decidewhethertocoverastoryatallandtheamountofcoveragetobedevotedtoii.

练习题：

1.AllofthefollowingadvantagesofpublicityarementionedEXCEPT.

A.timesavingB.attentivenessC.credibilityD.profitability

2.Comparedwithad,newsreportorfeaturingstoriesaremore.

A.believableB.clearC.dependentD.subjective

3.Theexampleof“Procter&Gamble^^isgiventoshow.

A.theefficientwayofdisprovingrumorsB.theimportanceofaspokesperson

C.theinteractionbetweenfirmsandmediaD.thenegativeeffectofpublicity

4.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardspublicity?

A.doubtfulB.objectiveC.passiveD.supportive

解析：

【文章大意】本文主要讲述了广告的好处与坏处。

I.【解析】：选D.本题是细节题。学生在做题的过程中要注意到黑体加粗词EXCEPT的意图：要求选择不

符合广告宣传优点的一项。信息来源主要在前两段,“afive-minutereportonanetworknewscast

wouldnotcostanything”体现:‘timesaving”的优点；"Featurestoriesaremuchfewerinnumber

andstandoutclearly.”能够提高读者的“attentiveness"；“Credibilityaboutmessagesishigh”可一以看

出“credibility”也符合其优点。只有D未提到。

2.【解析】:选A.本题难度不大，信息来源于文章第二段“Credibilityaboutmessagesishigh,becausetheyarc

reportedinindependentmedia.”"believable”是对“credibility”的同义转换。

3.【解析】选D.本题为推断题，文章第四段举了宝洁公司的例子。讲述了宝洁公司在宣传公司的log。意

义方面面临着很大的问题。接着文章第二句"Tofightthisnegativepublicity,thefirmhada

spokespersonappearonGoodMorningAmericatodisprovetherumor（谣言）”.可以推断出列举宝洁

9

的例子主要是为了反映广告宣传的消极作用。

4.【解析】选B.本题也属于推断题，要求推断作者对于广告宣传的态度。从全文的脉络看来，作者论述

了广告宣传的优缺点，并没有给出自己的观点，只是充当描述者的角色。因此作者的态度是客

观的，及objective.

好词好句梳理：

1.Similarly,peoplearemorelikelytopayattentiontonewsreportsthantoads.

句意分析：类似的是，人们更加芍可能关注新闻报道而不是广告本身。

(F)

Asyouareprobablyaware,thelatestjobmarketsnewsisn'tgood:Unemploymentisstillmorethan9

percent,andnewjobgrowthhasfallenclosetozero.That'sbadfbrtheeconomy,ofcourse.Anditmaybe

especiallydiscouragingifyouhappentobelookingforajoborhopingtochangecareersrightnow.Butitactually

shouldiftmattertoyounearlyasnnchasyouthink.

That'sbecausejo