专业英语四级模拟试卷724

专业英语四级模拟试卷724

一、听写（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1、Listentothefollowingpassage.Altogetherthepassagewillbereadtoyoufour

times.Duringthefirstreading,whichwillbedoneatnormalspeed,listenandtryto

understandthemeaning.Forthesecondandthirdreadings,thepassage,exceptthefirst

sentence,willbereadsentencebysentence,orphrasebyphrase,withintervalsoffifteen

seconds.Thelastreadingwillbedoneatnormalspeedagainandduringthistimeyou

shouldcheckyourwork.YouwillthenbegivenONEminutetocheckthroughyourwork

oncemore.WriteonANSWERSHEETONE.Thefirstsentenceofthepassageisalready

providedNow,listentothepassage.DifferencesBetweenPositivePeopleandNegative

PeopleAsweallknow,positivepeopleandnegativepeopleseethingsdiflerendy.

标准答案：DifferencesBetweenPositivePeopleandNegativePeopleAsweallknow,

positivepeopleandnegativepeopleseethingsdifferemly.Positivepeoplefocuson

thingstheycancontrol./Theyunderstandthattheirhappinessisdependenton/howthey

choosetorespondtowhathappenstothem./Negativepeoplecentertheirfocusonthings

theycan'tcontrol./Forexample,theymeditateonpastmistakes,/andallowtheirfearof

thefuturetostopthemintheirtrackstoday.

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、讲座（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共10分。）

HowtoCreateaPositiveMindsetIntroduction.ahealthylifestyleboostsyourmoodand

increases[T1][T1].apositivemindsetlengthensyourlifespan

andhelpsyouavoid[T2][T2]Tipsonhowtocultivatea

positivemindset.focusonthepositive—positivethinkinghelpscreate[T3]

[T3].trytoavoid[T4][T4]—reframcitasa

positivecomment—takeamistakeas[T5][T5].managestress

inyourlife-stresscanaffectyour[T6]andphysicalhealth[T6]

—thinkaboutwhatactivitiesyoucanreduceinyourlife—stresscanbuildup

slowlyovertime—payattentiontoyour[T7]tobeingstressedout[T7]

—learntosay'no"towhatyoucan'thandle.findtimetorelax—make

[T8]asadailyritual[T8]—schedulenothingduringthistime

—benefitfrommeditation,deeprelaxation,yogaandother[19][19]

—findsoothingpracticesoractivities—takeabubblebath-readabook.

establishhealthyandmanageablegoals-giveyouasenseof[T10]

[T10]一helpyouattainahealthierlife-breakdowngoalsintosmaller

steps

2、[Tl]

标准答案：lifesatisfaction

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、[T2]

标准答案：unhealthyhabits

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、[T3]

标准答案：ahappiermindset

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、[T4]

标准答案：self-criticism

知识点解析：暂无解析

6、[T5]

标准答案：alearningopportunity

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、[T6]

标准答案：mood

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、[T7]

标准答案：bodyreaction

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、（T81

标准答案：relaxation

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、[T9]

标准答案：mindfulpractices

知识点解析：暂无解析

11、[TI0]

标准答案：purposeandfulfillment

知识点解析：暂无解析

三、会话（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共70分。）

12、

A、Hecan'tfindthereceiptofthefridge.

Thefoodinthefridgewillgobadsoon.

C^Hiscateringbusinesswillhavetobeclosed.

D、Therepairmancan'tfindthewaytohishome.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、

A、ModelN8withthreeboxesinwhitecolor.

B>ModelN8withtwoboxesinbluecolor.

C、ModelM8withthreeboxesinwhitecolor.

D、ModelM8withtwoboxesinbluecolor.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、

ANFillinacompensationform.

B、Getthewoman'sapproval.

C、Callthewoman'ssuperior.

D^Showthewomanhisreceipt.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、

A、Theonenearthestation.

B、Theoneclosetothepost-office.

C>Theoneoppositethelibrary.

D、Theoneattachedtotheheadquarters.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、

A、Atotalrefund.

B、Apartialrefund.

C、Anewfridgeofanothermodel.

D^Anewfridgeofthesamemodel.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

A、Educationisaburden.

B>Educationisamust.

C、Educationisaluxury.

D^Educationisanoption.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、

A、Onehastobeself-reliant.

B、Onehastoworktomakealiving.

C^Onehastogeteducatedtolivebetter.

D、Onehastoberesponsibletorhisfamily.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、

A、Improvingtransportation.

Boostingeducationalopportunities.

C、Spreadingautomation.

D、Increasingproductivity.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、

A^Disappointed.

B、Threatened.

C、Indifferent.

D^Enthusiastic.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、

A^Morethan60%ofthejobsinhisregioncouldbeautomatedinthefuture.

B、Morethan25%Hispanicsinhisregionwouldbeaffectedbyautomation.

C^Peoplewithabachelor'sdegreerunlessthana25%riskofjobautomation.

D、Peoplewithamaster'sdegreerunlessthana50%riskofjobautomation.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

四、语言知识（本题共20题，每题上。分，共20分。）

22、Theratesofpeoplewithdrawingmoneyfromthiscompanyhavesoaredbymore

than50%.WhichofthefollowingchoicesisNOTcorrect?

A、betweenMondayandFriday

B>MondaythroughFriday

C>fromMondayuntilFriday

D^onMondayuntilFriday

标准答案：D

知识点解析：介词题。本题考查的是从某一时间到另一时间的表达方式，且题干耍

求选择不正确的一项。between…and…和from...to/untiL..是常见的两种表达方

式；through…表示的时间含义是upto...andincluding...,即“从...到...（最后那

天包括在内）“，故A、B、C均正确。on...untiL..为错误表达，故D为本题答案。

23、InDeathofaSalesmanWillyLomanwronglyanticipatesthathissonshaveno

flaws,tomanyproblemsforthewholefamily.

A、believingwhichleads

abeliefthatleads

C、andwhichistolead

D、thebeliefofthisleads

标准答案：B

知识点解析：同位语题。同位语多为名词或名词短语，指出本位语的具体内容或列

举、突出本位语的一部分内容。但实际上，名词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短

语、分句、句子部分内容或整个句子均有可能出现同位语。选项B中，abelief是

前句的同位语，thalleads为后置定语从句，修饰先行词belief,故本题答案为B。

24mostofhislifeunsurewherehe'llsleep,thehomelessnowhasaplaceof

hisown.

A、Spending

B>Havingspent

C、Beingspent

D^Havingbeenspent

标准答案：B

知识点解析：非谓语动词题。动词spend的逻辑主语是thehomeless（无家可归者，

流浪汉），为主动含义，且主句中的时间状语now表明流浪汉当前有了住所，意味

着之前无家可归，具有从过去开始的概念，应使用现在完成时，故本题答案为B。

25、Thedatashowedthatthereareupto20timesmorelightningflasheswithin

cloudsbytheground-basednetwork.

A、thantheyobserve

B、thanwhathavebeenobserved

C^aswhatisobserved

D、llianarcobserved

标准答案：D

知识点解析：比较级题。根据选项和题干中的more可确定本题考查than的用法。

本题可把than看作关系代词，充当句子主语。例如句子“Ispentmoremoneythan

wasintendedtobespent.”也有解释为than从句省略主语。注意than连接从句时具有

省略性、倒装性和对称性特点。本题空格后为by,同时根据句意可知，空格史内

容应具有被动含义，且从句表示的是客观现存的事实，故D为本题答案。

26>Youngscientiststhatexistingscientificknowledgeisnotnearlyso

complete,certainandunalterableasmanytextbooksseemtoimply.

A、sooncanberealized

B、canberealizedtooscon

C、cannotrealizetoosoon

D、sooncannotrealize

标准答案：C

知识点解析：固定搭配题。cannot...too…结构表示“怎样……也不过分；应尽

量...；越....越好”之意。例如：Youcannolpraiseihebookloomuch.(这本书很

值得大加赞扬。)类似用法还有cannever...too…，故本题答案为C。

27、Arocketdoesnotdependontheatmosphereforitspropulsion,andinthe

absenceofanatmospherebecauseoflessenedairresistance.

A、wouldactuallyperformbetter

B、performbetter

C、performedbetter

D、havehadperformedbetter

标准答案：A

知识点睛析：虚拟语气题。虚拟语气以非真实条件句为代表。本题属于含蓄条件

句，同样引出非真实情况，即intheabsenceofanalmosphere表示虚拟的条件，与

客观事实相反，而选项相当于主句的谓语，应使用woulddo形式，故本题答案为

Ao

28、HewarnedmethatIhadbetternotsayanythingaboutthat.Thephrase"hadbelter”

usedinthissentenceisto.

Asthreaten

B、givestrongadvice

C^suggest

D、condescend

标准答案：A

知识点解析：语用题。hadbetter多用于表示某人为了避免某种难题、不快或危险

时而理应做什么或应当做什么。主句的谓语动词为warned,之后的从句使用had

better(not),即这种警告更像“威胁”，故本题答案为A。B选项和C选项更侧重建

议，D选项的含义是“屈尊，俯就”，与题干语义不符，故均排除。

29、AIlongagomasteredchess,theChineseboardgameGoandeventheRubik'sCube,

injust0.38seconds.

A^whichmanagedtosolve

B、whichitmanagedtosolve

C、fbrwhichitmanagedtosolve

D、towhichitmanagediosolve

标准答案：B

知识点解析：定语从句题。定语从句的引导词which需要在从句中作主语或宾语。

B选项中的it指代AI,which作solve的宾语,即指代theRubik'sCube,故本题答

案为B。

30、Thegreatracingdriver,SirMalcolmCampbell,wasthefirstmanatover

300milesperhour.

A、todrive

driving

C、havingbeendriving

D、tobedriven

标准答案：A

知识点解析：序数词题。序数词first、second等之后的后置定语必须为todo形

式，且句中主语为人，也是iodo形式的逻辑主语，无被动义，故本题答案为A。

31、Researchersfoundthattheplantswereveryoldindeed,andinthesespots

some115,000yearsago.

A、hadprobablylastgrown

B、wereprobablylastgrown

C>wouldhavehadlastgrown

D、beitlastgrown

标准答案：A

知识点解析：时态题。主句谓语动词为found,从句表明约11.5万年前存在的古老

植物是最终生长在这些地方的物种，具有过去的过去之意，应使用过去完成时，故

选择A。B选项为被动语态，而11.5万年前人类尚未出现，被动不符合逻辑，故

排除；C选项为wouldhavedone结构，通常表示对过去事情的假设，即“本来会

做“，与题干中确实生长过这一含义相悖，故排除；D选项表达了被动关系，且开

头为be动词原形，空格之前是表并列的and,be无法与前半句中的were形成对等

关系，故排除。

32、TheEmancipationProclamationslavesfree,butitonlyappliedtothethree

millionslaveswholivedintheso-calledConfederacy.

A^proclaimed

B、announced

C、pronounced

D^declared

标准答案：D

知识点解析：动词辨析题。proclaimed多侧重于在公众场合大声地或用喇叭等发声

器宣布，即不以书面形式为主，含有“持续不断地，再三反复地，自豪大胆地广为

宣扬”之意；announced表示首次宣布大家可能感兴趣的或能满足好奇心的事，也可

表示“报告……的到达（或出席广，如通知飞机的起落等；pronounced通常表示法律

上的宣判；declared表示正式、明确地“宣布"。根据语境，D为本题答案。

33、Childrenaretheindividualswithinourculturesthatarethemosttothe

difficultiesandstressesthatsocietiesexperience.

A、sensitive

B、sensible

C、sensational

D、sensual

标准答案：A

知识点解析：形容词辨析题。sensitive意为“敏感的“；sensible意为“明智的”；

sensational意为“令人极度兴奋的，轰动的；极好的，绝妙的“，也常用于贬义的“大

肆渲染的，耸人听闻的"：sensual意为“肉体上的，官能的”或“喜欢（激起）感官享受

的，性感的”。题干是指儿童对困难和压力“敏感”，故选择A。

34、Shoalhavencitycouncilhasrecentlyappointedtrafficcontrollerstoredirectvisitors

fromthebeachbecausethecarparkonlyhasafor400butupto5,000vehicles

arenowcomingin.

A、ability

B、capacity

C>capability

D、proficiency

标准答案：B

知识点解析：名词辨析题。ability侧重指能够做好某事的能力；capacity常用来表

示“容量，容积"；capability侧重指特有的能力；proficiency多侧重指熟练做某事的

能力，更强调“熟练程度”或“轻车熟路”。题干里是指停车场能容纳的车辆数，故选

择B。

35、IcrossedtheToddRiverandmyboilingbodyinacoolpool.

A、immersed

submerged

C、dipped

D、ducked

标准答案：A

知识点解析：动词辨析题。immersed表示全部浸入；submerged也表示全部浸入，

但强调长久地、持续地浸入，或浸入的深度超过常规；dipped表示全部浸入时，强

调浸入时间的短暂；ducked表示突然浸入，并马上收回。根据语境，A为本题答

案。

36、Anthropologistsfoundthemselvesinasituationrifewithracialundercurrents

followingthediscoveryofa9,300-year-oldskeletonontheColumbiaRiver.A

battlebetweenseveralAmericanIndiantribesandresearchers.

A、followed

B>ensued

C^succeeded

D^supervened

标准答案：B

知识点解析：动词辨析题。ensued指具有因果关系的事物连续发生，根据语境，因

为骨骼的发现，继而爆发了战斗，故B为本题答案。followed指事物按照时间顺

序、逻辑关系连续发生；succeeded强调相似的人或事物、事件按一定的顺序接蹿

而至，尤指时间或空间上的连续；supervened指意外发生。

37、loday,LincolniswidelyregardedasoneofthegreatestpresidentsinAmerican

history,inpartbecausehehelpedtoendslavery.

A、perpetually

durably

C>permanently

D、eternally

标准答案：C

知识点解析：副词辨析题。perpetually常用于贬义，表示“无休止地，连续不断

地”；durably多侧重物体的“坚固耐用"；permanenlly表示“永久地”，强调状态的持

久性、稳定性；eternaUv表示“永远，永久地”，多用于抽象的意思，如love、life

等，表示无始无终。题早表达的是林肯总统的丰功伟绩，故本题答案为C。

38、Didyoueverhaveononeofthejockswhenyouwereatschoolorhave

youfalleninlovewithsomeoneatfirstsight?

A、acrush

B>love

C、apassion

D、taste

标准答案：A

知识点解析：名词辨析题。acrush尤指对年龄比自己大且并不熟识者的迷恋，常

用于短语haveacrushonsb.,但不可用于双方确立恋爱关系后；love用于男女关系

时，表示。fondnesscombinedwilhsexualatlraclion（爱情，恋爱），为不可数名词，

之后通常加介词for；apassion意为“激情；强烈的爱好”，之后通常加介词for；

taste意为“品味；喜爱，爱好，口味”，之后通常加介词for或in,表示对某事的喜

爱、爱好。根据语境，A为本题答案。

39、Victimsshareaprofoundsenseofviolation,alossofinnocence,a

changedofhumannature,feelingsofguilt,anxiety,paranoiaandarangeof

psychosomaticillnesses.

A、sensation

conception

C、perception

D、insight

标准答案：c

知识点露析：名词辨析题。sensation多指感官的感觉，或用于表示难以准确描述的

身心感受；conception意为“概念；构想，构思”，侧重个体的创造性思维；

percepiion意为“感知,认知,观念，看法”，具有理性特点;insighi指“洞察力”。

根据语境，C为本题答案。

40>Yellowknifeishometoaround20,000peopleandaprimeviewofthe

NorthernLights.

A、boasts

brags

C、inscribes

D、depicts

标准答案：A

知识点解析：动词辨析题。boasts表示“自夸，吹嘘；以有……而自豪，很可夸耀

地拥有“；brags侧重表示不切实际地“自夸，吹嘘”；inscribes意为“雕刻，题写，印

制“；depicts意为”描绘，描述，描写”。根据句意,A为本题答案。

41、ThepsychologicalimprovementsofFacebooksuggestthatpeoplemaybe

usingthesocialnetworkmorethantheyshould.

A、abstainingfrom

B、passingup

C、doingwithout

D、refrainingfrom

标准答案：A

知识点解析：动词短语辨析题。abstainingfrom意为“戒除”，强调以顽强的意志克

制自己，自动白愿地戒除某种欲望或有害的东西；passingup意为“放过，错过”；

doingwithout强调“将就"之意，多用于口语；refrainingfrom”克制，抑制，忍住“，

更侧重压抑当时的冲动。根据语境，A为本题答案，

五、完型填空（本题共10题，每题7.0分，共70分。）

A.accuracyB.credibleC.decadeD.deceptiveE.entirelyF.fedG.fundamentalH.

increasinglyI.multipleJ.partlyK.practicedL.selectedM.senseN.tellO.use

BandersnatchshowshowNetflix'salgorithmsareabletodeliveranunprecedentedly

seamlessexperienceofprocessingandpresentingbranchingstorypathsforindividual

viewingexperiencesonaplatformstreamingtomorethan100msubscribersworldwide.

Andthisiswhereinteractivestorytellingwillmakeitsbiggestbreakthroughinthenext

[Cl]—notbypresentinginterfacesofchoicesforviewers,butinhow

computationalalgorithmswillbeautomatedtosuchadegreeofsophisticationthatthey

willbeabletoprocessandproduceaudiovisualmediawithwhichto[C2]our

stories,inallthewayswithwhichweashumansusestoriestolaugh,cry,thinkandmake

[C3]ofourlives.Thereisalreadyevidenceofalgorithmicnarrativepov/erto

demonstratethispotential.In2016,IBMproducedthefirstfilmtrailercreated[C4]

byartificialintelligence.Tomakethetrailerfor20thCenturyFoxthriller

Morganadatabaseofthrillertrailerswas[C5]intotheIBMWatson

computer.Throughpattern-findingandotherfunctions,thealgorithmthen[C6]

musicandscenesfromthefilmtopiecetogethera(n)[C7]trailer.

Thankstothe[C8]oftoday'scomputationallanguagegenerators,it'shardto

workoutwhethersomewritingiscreatedbyhumansorcomputers.Asconsumersand

citizens,weneedtounderstandhowcomputationalautomationisabletoprocess

language,emotion,morality,personalityandother[C9]humantraits.We

neediodothisquickly,because[CIO]itwillbethesealgorithmsthatare

tellingourstoriesinfuture,whilewebecomeincreasinglypassivepartners.Andweneed

toworkoutwhetherthisiswhatwewant.

42、[Cl]

标准答案：C

知识之解析：分析句子结构可知，空格位于inthenext后面，根据语境可知，此处

可以填一个表示时间的名词。根据备选项中的名词可知，decade符合要求，代入后

表示“在未来十年"，故答案为C。

43、[C2]

标准答案：N

知识点解析：分析句子结构可知，空格位于不定式符号t。之后，所以应该填入动

词原形，且所填词可以与ourstories搭配。根据前文提到的storytelling可知，此处

填入lell符合上下文意思，表示“讲故事”，故答案为N。

44、[C3]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：分析句子结构可知，动词make之后缺少名词作宾语。备选项中的

sense和use可以代入make...of中间，构成搭配makesenseo代理解”和makeuse

。广利用”。此处意为“我们人类用故事来欢笑、哭泣、思考和一生活的各个方

面”，所以应该选择M。

45、[C4]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：分析句子结构可知，主句宾语irailer之后为其定语crealedby

artificialintelligence,动词和介词之间应该缺少副司修饰。上一段提到，算法熟练

到能够自动处理并制作出视听媒体来讲述故事。而本段第一句提到，算法叙事能力

可以展示这一潜力，即通过算法制作视听媒体，之后进一步通过IBM公司的事例

来证明，所以此处的副词应该用entirely,即“首部电影预告片完全由人工智能来创

作完成“，故答案为E。

46、[C5]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：分析句子结构可知，空格位于was和into之间，所以空格处很可能

填入动词过去分词构成被动语态。此处意为“惊悚电影预告片数据库被——进入

IBM的电脑，沃森，中“。备选的动词过去分词中，既符合语义要求，乂能与into搭

配的只有fed“将（信息）输入计算机”，故答案为F。

47、[C6]

标准答案：L

知识点解析：分析句子结构可知，空格前后均有名词，且本段的时态整体为一般过

去时，故空格处应填入动词过去式，且该动词应该可以与之后的from搭配。根据

备选项，只有selected符合要求，故答案为Lo

48、[C7]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：分析句子结构可知，空格前为不定冠词，空格后为名词，故空格处应

填入形容词。此处意为“之后该算法从电影中挑选音乐和场景来拼凑成一部

预告片本段例证说明人工智能算法的高明，所以此处应填入积极正面

的词。备选项中，符合要求的只有credible”可信的"，故答案为B。

49、[C8]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：分析句子结构可知，空格位于定冠词the之后，表属格的of之前，所

以空格处应填入名词。空格前面的Thanksto”由于”表示原因，所以此句应是指“由

于计算语言生成器的,人们已经很难区分作品是人类还是电脑创作的

备选项中只有accuracy符合语法和语境要求，故答案为A。

50、[C9]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：分析句子结构可知，空格前为四个并列的名词，故空格处应该为形容

词，以修饰之后的名词词组humanlrails。此处意为“计算自动化是如何能够处理语

言、情感、道德、个性和其他________人类特征的:从逻辑上来说，语言、情感

等均是人类的基本特征，故答案为G。

51、[C10]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：分析句子结构可知，空格前为连词because,空格后的内容句子成分

完整，因此空格处应填入副词作状语。本句中出现了while,说明前后有对比的含

义，后面出现了increasingly,所以此处也应与之相呼应。根据备选项，

increasingly符合题意，放答案为H。

六、选择题（本题共70题，每题1.0分，共70分。）

(1)Wheatwasamongthefirstplantstobedomesticatedandisnowthemostwidespread

cropintheworld.Itthussoundsunlikelytherewouldbemuchlefttolearnaboutwhat

makesitthrive.Yet,some12,000yearsafterrelationsbetweenpeopleandwheatbegan,

awheatplanthasbeencaughtdoingsomethingunexpected.Ithelpeditselftoadoseof

much-nccdcdphosphorus(磷)whenitsleavesreceivedacoatingofdesertdust.(2)The

plant(or,rather,plants)inquestionwereinthecareofAvnerGrossoftheBenGurion

UniversityoftheNegevinIsrael.AsDr.Grosstoldthisyear'smeetingoftheAmerican

GeophysicalUnion,whichtookplaceonlineduringthefirsthalfofDecember,hisstudy

waspromptedbyhikeshehadtakennearNeveShalom,hishomevillageintheJudean

Hills.Onthese,heoftennoticedplantleavescompletelycoveredindustthathadbeen

carriedtherebysandstormsfromtheSaharadesert.(31Itoccurredtohimthatthisdust

mightnotbethelight-blockingnuisanceitappearedatfirstsight.Itcould,onthe

contrary,bebeneficialbecauseofthegrowth-enhancingelementssuchasphosphorus

whichitcontained.Untilthen,botanistshadassumedthatphosphorusindustlandingon

aplantwasoflittlevalue,becauseitislockedupinaninsolublemineralcalledapatite

(磷灰石).Thismakesitunavailableforabsorption.Dr.Gross,however,reasonedthat

plantswhichhadevolvedneardeserts,thesourceofalmostallnaturallyoccurringdustin

theatmosphere,mightwellhaveevolvedawaytoexploitit.(4)Heandtwocolleagues,

SudeepTiwari,alsoatBenGurion,andRanEreloftheGilatResearchCentre,therefore

startedexperimentingwithapairofspecies,wheatandchickpeas(鹰嘴豆)(iheworld's

17thmostplantedcrop),thatbothcameoriginallyfromtheMiddleEast.Asacontrol,

theyalsoraisedsomemaize,aplantfromtheAmericasthatevolvedinfarlessdusty

surroundings.(5)First,havingestablishedthemasseedlings,theystarvediheircharges

ofphosphorusuntilsignsofdeficiencysuchasyellowleavesappeared.Thenthey

scattereddesertdustontheleavesofhalfofthespecimensofeachspecies,whiletaking

stepstostopanyofitreachingthesoil.Afterthis,thoughthedust-dosedmaizecontinued

tosufferfromphosphorusdeficiency,thewheatandchickpeaplantsperkedupandgrew

tomorethandoublethesizeoftheirundustedlab-mates.Whatismore,thesespecies

wereclearlyreadyforthedust'sarrival.Assoonasalackofphosphorusannounced

itself,twothingshappened.Theirleavesbecamehairier,andthereforebetteratcapturing

dust.Andthoseleavesstartedsecretingacidfluidsthatcoulddissolveanyincoming

apatite,assistingphosphorus'sabsorption.(6)Thatplantscantakeupphosphorusthrough

theirleavesisnot,ofitself,newstofarmers—forthiswasestablishedinthe1950s.But

untilnowthepracticalconsequenceofsuchknowledgehasbeenthatcropsarcsprayed

withliquidfertilizerderived,inturn,fromapatite-containingrockswhichhavebeen

treatedwithacid.Dustingleavescould.Dr.Grosssuggests,beanalternativeandmore

efficientwayofprovidingdesert-derivedcropspecieswiththephosphorustheyneed.

Andmaybenotjustthose.Hisnextplanistolookatavocadoandcocoatrees,which

evolvedintropicalregionsoftheAmericasthatregularlygetahelpfultransatlanticdose

ofSaharandustcarriedwestwardbythetradewinds(信风).Itwillbeinterestingtoseeif

theyareuptothesametricksaswheatandchickpeas.

52、InDr.Gross'opinion,thedustcoveringplantleaves.

A、isalight-blockingnuisance

B、doesn'thavemuchvalue

C^canbenefitthegrowthofplants

D、doesn,toriginatefromtheSaharadesert

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。由题干定位至原文第二、三段。第三段第二句指出，覆盖植

物的沙尘可能是有益的，因为它们含有某些能够促进生长的元素，比如磷。因此，

C”有益于植物生长”为本题答案。第三段第一句提到，格罗斯博士认为那些沙尘可

能并不像第一眼看上去那样会阻挡光线、令人生厌，因此排除A“阻挡光线的令人

生厌的东西“；由第三段第三句可知，B“没有多少价值”是在此之前其他植物学家的

观点，并非格罗斯博士的观点，因此排除：第二段最后一句提到，格罗斯博士在远

足时注意到，植物的叶子被撒哈拉沙漠的沙尘暴带到那里的沙尘完全覆盖，因此排

除D”并非来源于撒哈拉沙漠”。

53、Intheexperiment,whatdidwheatandchickpeasdotoprepareforthedust'sarrival?

A、Theirleavesstartedtoproducealkalinefluids.

B、Theirleavesbecamefilledwithmorehairs.

C>Theirleavesgrewyellowertoabsorbphosphorus.

D、Theirrootsreacheddeeperintothesoil.

标准答案：B

知识点解析•：细节题。由题干定位至原文第五段。第五段第四至七句提到了小麦和

鹰嘴豆的口I子为灰尘的到来做出的相应准备：一是口I子变得多毛，以更好地捕捉灰

尘；二是开始分泌酸性液体，以溶解磷灰石，更好地吸收磷。因此B"它们的叶子

充满更多的茸毛''符合原文，故为本题答案。A“它们的叶子开始产生碱性液体”不

符合原文提到的“开始分泌酸性液体”；C“它们的叶子变得更黄以吸收磷”不符合原

文表述，原文第五段第一句提到，黄叶是缺磷的迹象；D“它们的根更深入土壤”在

原文中未提及，因此排除以上三项。

54、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECTaccordingtoPara.6?

A、Farmershavejustlearnedthatplantscanabsorbphosphorusthroughtheirleaves.

R、Sprayingliquidismoreefficientinsupplyingphosphorusthandustingleaves.

C、Avocadotreescanalsotakeinphosphorusthroughthedustcoveringtheirleaves.

D、CocoatreesintheAmericassufferfromdustcomingfromtheSaharadesert.

标准答案：D-

知识点解析：细节题。由题干定位至原文第六段。本段倒数第二句指出，格罗斯博

士下一步计划研究鳄梨和可可树。它们生长在美洲的热带地区，这些地区经常受到

信风带来的横跨大西洋的撒哈拉沙尘的影响。因此确定本题答案为D"美洲的可可

树遭受来自撒哈拉沙漠的灰尘之苦第六段第一句提到，植物可以通过叶子吸收

磷，这对农民来说并不是什么新鲜事，因为早在20世纪50年代人们就知道了，因

此排除A“农民刚刚得知植物可以通过叶子吸收磷”：第三句提到，用灰尘覆盖叶子

能更有效地为源自沙漠的作物提供所需的磷，因此排除B“喷洒液体比用灰尘覆盖

叶子能更有效地提供磷”；C“鳄梨树也可以从覆盖其叶子的灰尘中吸收磷”在原文中

并未提到，这只是下一步的研究计划，并没有被证实，因此排除。

(1)Weknowthephysicalbenefitsexercisehasonourbodies,butthewondersitcando

foryourbrainaren'tlimitedeither."Ifexercisewereapill,itwouldbeoneofthemost

cost-effectivedrugseverinvented,"saysDr.NickCavill,ahealthpromotionconsultant.

Asidefromitsabilitytoperhapshalveyourriskofmajorillnessessuchasheartdisease

andcancer,exercisealsoextendsbenefitstothemind,improvingmentalhealthand

wellbeing.(2)Intheearly80s,exercisewasshowntoincreaseendorphin(内啡肽)levels

intheblood.Throughtriggeringapositivefeeling,thesebrainchemicalsplayapartin

thebrain-boostingeffectsofexercise,butthecompletestoryismorecomplicatedand

stillfarfromunderstood.ScientistsattheCochraneLibraryhaveaskedwhetheradaily

doseofexercisemighthelpeverythingfromschizophrenia(精神分裂症)tosleep

disorders,tobaccoaddictiontoanxiety,andhaveofferedexplanationsastohowitmight

bringaboutitsbenefits.Here'swhatthey(andothers)havefound.(3)"Individualswith

schizophreniacanimprovecomponentsofmentalhealthbyparticipatinginregular

exercise/*writetheauthorsofareviewintoexercisetherapyforschizophrenia.Whether

it'sregularwalkingorspecificstrengthtraining,it'sthoughtthat,asidefromendorphin

release,exercisemighthelpbyincreasingsocialsupportandsenseofautonomy,

improvingperceptionsofcompetence,enhancingbodyimageandbyproviding

distraction.Definitiveconclusionscannotyetbedrawnthough;moreresearchisneeded.

Thereviewincludedonly96participants,withmorementhanwomen.(4)Miceare

commonlyusedinmedicalresearch(butarcnotalwaysthebestfitsincewhatworksor

doesn'tworkinmicedoesnotnecessarilytranslatetohumans).InonestudyintheBritish

JournalofPharmacology,nicotine-treated,wheel-runningmicedisplayedfewersignsof

withdrawal(suchastremor)whencomparedwithasedentarygroup.(5)Exercisealso

seemstohelppeoplequitsmoking,byreducingcravingsandhelpingtomanageweight

gain.It'shardthoughtoprovethiswithscience,withresultsfrommorethan20clinical

trialsfindingnoevidencethataddingexercisetosmokingcessationprogramsimproves

abstinence.Anabsenceofscientificevidenceisthoughjustthat,anditdoesnotprove

absenceofeffect.Real-lifesuccessstoriesabound.(6)Focusingespeciallyonolder

people(sinceinsomniaincreaseswithage),onesmallstudyshowedthatpeoplesleptfor

about42minuteslonger,andfellasleepabout11minutesmorequickly,whentheyhad

participatedina16-weekexerciseprogram,consistingmainlyofwalkingandlowimpact

aerobics.Hardwork,itseems,canpayoff.(7)Whenscientistsgathereddatafrommore

than2,000peoplein39smallclinicaltrials,theyfoundexerciseperhapstobeas

effectiveasdrugsortalkingtherapyinreducingdepression.Whilstawaitingresultsof

larger,morerobuststudiestheywonderwhethertheeffectsseenaredowntoelevationof

brainchemicalsorenhancementofself-imagewhenmasteringanewskill.Increased

socialcontactanddistractioncanalsohelp.Inonecasestudy,coldwaterswimming

helpedonewomanwithdepressionbecomemedication-free.Itisthoughimportantto

realizethatexercisealoneisnotenoughtotreatsomeonewithseveredepression.(8)

"Whetherwineisafood,amedicineorapoisondependsonthedosage,'*stated

Paracelsus,aphilosopherinthe16thcentury,andthesameistrueforexercise.Writingin

theBritishJournalofPharmacology,ProfessorJoseVinafromtheUniversityofValencia

saysthat"dosingisextremelyimportanttogetthebeneficialeffectsofexercise.In

moderatedoses,itcausesverypronouncedrelaxingeffects,butsomemayevenbecome

addictedtoexercise".(9)Inmildtomoderatechronicfatiguesyndrome,an

individualized,person-centeredprogramofexerciseisneeded;unsupervisedor

unstructuredexercisemayworsensymptoms.TheNationalInstituteforHealthandCare

Excellenceistopublishnewguidelinesonthis,stressingthatdifferentcombinationsof

approachesarehelpfulfordifferentpeople.

55、Exercisecanhelptreatschizophreniainthefollowingwaysexcept.

A、increasingendorphinlevels

B、improvingabilityrecognition

C>bringingmoresocialsupport

D、reducingoutsidedistraction

标准答案：D

知以点解析：细节题。由题干定位至原文笫三段。木段笫二句提到，除了释放内啡

肽，锻炼可能有助于增加社会支持，提升自主性，强化能力感知，增强身体形象，

分散注意力。因此，A“提高内啡肽水平”、B“提升能力认知”和C“带来更多社会支

持”均符合原文描述，可排除。D“减少外界的干扰”与原文描述的治疗精神分裂症

的途径”分散注意力”相反，因此本题答案为D。

56、Thereisstrongscientificproofthatexerciseisusefulintreating.

A、schizophrenia

B、tobaccoaddiction

Cxdepression

D、anxiety

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。本题需综合全文回答。C“抑郁”是在第七段出现的，本段第

一句话便表明，从39个小型临床试验中收集到的2000多人的数据中，科学家发现

在减少抑郁方面，锻炼可能与药物或谈话疗法一样有效。由此可知，锻炼对抑郁的

疗效是有强有力的科学依据的，因此本题答案为C,锻炼对A”精神分裂症”的疗效

在第三段提及，但是第三段倒数第二句指出，目前