11.专项十一　构词法学案（含答案）2026年中考人教版英语语法专项复习

专项十一构词法河北中考考情分析构词法虽然在河北中考中不是直接的考点，但是在完形填空、短文填空等试题中也会经常出现。在平时学习时应了解常见的构词法，注意积累同根词之间词性和意义的区别，并识记常见的一些词加前缀和后缀之后的词性变化及含义。近六年的考查频次：派生，合成，转化6年6考。用所给词的正确形式填空❶(2025河北)Someofthethingsare________(interest)，someareserious，andsomejustgivehope.❷(2025河北)I'mso________(thank)tomyparentsfortheirlove.It'sthebestthingonearth!❸(2024河北)Someboysandgirlswereplaying________(happy)ontheplayground.❹(2022河北)Sheisawarmand________(friend)person.❺(2021河北)They'revery________(love).考点构词法一、合成法类型示例复合名词bedroom卧室，newspaper报纸，breakfast早餐，blackboard黑板，grandfather(外)祖父，playground操场，bathroom浴室，typewriter打字机，overcoat长大衣，afternoon下午，handwriting书法，story­telling讲故事，daybreak破晓，sunrise日出，outbreak爆发，downpour倾盆大雨复合形容词worldwide全世界的，homesick想家的，handmade手工制作的，kind­hearted热心肠的，easy­going随和的，good­looking好看的，hard­working勤勉的，well­known著名的，newly­built新建的复合动词overcome克服，underline画线，oversleep睡过头，sleepwalk梦游复合副词upstairs在楼上，indoors在室内，outdoors在室外，however无论如何复合代词anything任何事物，everybody每个人二、派生法❶常考前缀(1)表示否定前缀意义示例un­不；非unlucky不幸运的，unhappy不高兴的，unnecessary不必要的，unusual不同寻常的，unimportant不重要的，unhappily不高兴地，unfortunately不幸地im­impossible不可能的，impolite不礼貌的，impatient没有耐心的in­incorrect不正确的，informal非正式的，independent独立的ir­irregular不规则的，irresponsible不负责任的il­illegal非法的non­non­stop直达的，non­smoker不吸烟者dis­相反disappear消失，dislike不喜欢，disagree不同意，dishonest不诚实的，disagreement分歧mis­错误；坏的misfortune不幸，misunderstand误解，misspell拼错(2)表示程度或大小前缀意义示例super­超级supermarket超市，superpower超级大国，superman超人mini­小的；短的minibus小型公共汽车，miniskirt超短裙(3)其他前缀前缀意义示例a­处于……状态或过程中asleep睡着的，awake醒着的，alive活着的，aside在旁边anti­反对antiwar反对战争的auto­自动的automobile汽车en­使……enlarge扩大，enrich使丰富fore­在……之前forehead前额，foretell预言inter­之间的international国际的，Internet互联网kilo­千kilometer千米，kilogram千克mid­在中间midnight半夜，midair半空中pre­在……之前preview预演，prepay预付re­重新，再次retell复述，review复习，rewrite重写，rebuild重建tele­远程的telephone电话，telegram电报vice­副的vice­president副总统，vice­chairman副主席❷常考后缀(1)名词后缀后缀意义示例­er从事某种职业的人player运动员，teacher教师，driver司机，worker工人­oractor演员，director导演，inventor发明家­ess指女性actress女演员，hostess女主人­ese指民族、语言Chinese中国人，汉语；Japanese日本人，日语­ian指人Australian澳大利亚人，Italian意大利人，Indian印度人­istartist艺术家，pianist钢琴家，novelist小说家，scientist科学家，physicist物理学家­ment……的行为(或结果)movement运动，agreement同意，announcement通告­ion状态、行为、机构等action行动，invention发明，pollution污染­ationinvitation邀请，operation手术，foundation基金会，organization组织­ship情况、状态等friendship友谊，leadership领导，relationship关系­hood状态、性质等childhood童年，幼年；neighborhood街区，所在地­ing活动、状态feeling感觉，dancing舞蹈，meeting会议­ness状态、特点等happiness幸福，darkness黑暗，illness疾病­ance性质、状况等performance表演，appearance出现­dom领域、状况等freedom自由，wisdom智慧，kingdom王国­al过程、状态等arrival到达，refusal拒绝(2)形容词后缀后缀意义示例­ful充满……的；具有useful有用的，careful仔细的，helpful有帮助的­less没有，无careless粗心的，meaningless无意义的，harmless无害的­ly具有……性质；每隔……时间lovely可爱的，friendly友好的，monthly每月的，weekly每周的­y有……特性的healthy健康的，noisy吵闹的，rainy多雨的，lucky幸运的，thirsty渴的，sleepy困倦的，cloudy多云的，windy有风的­ish稍有……的；有……性质的foolish愚蠢的，childish孩子气的­able能……的；具有……性质的comfortable舒适的，enjoyable愉快的，changeable易变的­iblehorrible可怕的，terrible糟糕的­ed状况、心情等interested感兴趣的，excited感到兴奋的，surprised感到惊讶的，tired疲倦的，pleased高兴的­ing描述事物本身所具有的属性特征interesting有趣的，exciting令人兴奋的，moving动人的­al与……有关的natural自然的，personal个人的，musical音乐的­ic……的electric电的，scientific科学的，plastic塑料的­icalmedical医学的，chemical化学的，historical历史的­en表示材料wooden木制的，golden金的，woolen羊毛的­ern表示方位eastern东方的，southern南方的，western西方的­ous表示特点famous著名的，dangerous危险的­iveactive积极的，expensive昂贵的，attractive吸引人的(3)副词后缀后缀意义示例­ly以……方式happily高兴地，quickly迅速地，freely自由地，politely有礼貌地­ward(s)表示方向northward(s)向北，downward(s)向下，forward(s)向前三、转化法词类转化示例名词转化为动词watern．水→v.给……浇水shown．演出，节目→v.给……看；展示handn．手→v.传递colorn．颜色→v.染色bookn．书→v.预订动词转化为名词walkv．散步；走→n.散步(takeawalk)lookv．看→n.看(havealook)stopv．停止→n.车站(busstop)talkv．谈论→n.谈话(haveatalk)形容词转化为名词dailyadj.日常的→n.日报finaladj.最后(终)的→n.决赛形容词转化为动词slowadj.慢的→v.放慢freeadj.空闲的→v.释放cleanadj.干净的→v.清扫dryadj.干燥的→v.把……弄干副词转化为动词downadv.向下→v.使倒下，击倒用所给词的正确形式填空❶Myteacheralwaysoffersushelp________(patient).❷ThreeChineseastronautsontheShenzhou­19mannedspaceshipreturnedtoEarth________(safe)onApril30，2025.❸DengYapingismyherobecauseshe'soneofthebesttabletennis________(play)intheworld，andIloveplayingtabletennis.❹Chinaplanstopaymoreattentiontoscientific________(educate)initsprimaryandmiddleschools.❺Ourteacheroftenadvisesusnottoplayonthestreetbecauseit'stoo________(danger).❻Everyyearmany________(music)cometoViennatostudyandwork.❼—Whatdidyoudoinclassthismorning，Sally?—Wehada________(discuss)aboutChineseculture.❽Theplayersallhave________(confident)intheircoach.❾WorldHealthDayisusedtohighlight(强调)the________(important)ofpersonalhealth.❿Iamsureshefailedthecompetitionbecauseofthe________(happy)lookonherface.⓫Themanwhohasmadeuphismindtowinwillneversay“________(possible)”．⓬It'shardforkangaroostowalkbackwardsbecauseofthe________(usual)shapeoftheirlegs.⓭Ifyoudosomething________(mean)，youwillhaveabunchofreasonstogothroughthedayfullofenergy.⓮Tomy________(surprised)，Tinagotgoodgradesinherfinalexam!⓯Mysisterhasbeen________(depend)sincesheenteredtheuniversity.Shehasmadealltheimportantdecisionsbyherself.⓰Thesudden________(appear)ofasecurityguardcausedthemtodropthemoneyandrunaway.⓱Ieatfruitanddrinkmilkeverydaytokeep________(health).⓲The________(invent)ofthesmartphonehasalreadychangedtheworldinmanyways.⓳Mytriptothecountrysidewasso________(enjoy)thatIwillrememberitforever.⓴Wearenotsurewhatcausedtheyounggirl's________(sad).Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空❶Sometimesbrothersorsisterswill________(agree)witheachother，buttheystillcareabouteachother.❷InZhuhaiPark，youcanenjoythenaturalbeauty，or________(simple)breathethefreshair.❸Readingaloudis________(help)tothestudentswhowanttoimprovetheirEnglish.❹BeforeGiantPandaFuBaoreturnedtoChina，thousandsof________(tour)cametoEverlandParktosaygoodbyetoFuBao.❺Toour________(excite)，ourschoolteamwonthebasketballmatchagainthistime!❻Itisnecessaryforustohaveadiscussionaboutthe________(mean)ofeducation.❼The________(compete)neverdreamedofhavingachanceforhimselftowinfirstprizeinthe100­meterrace.❽Poorlittlegirl！Itis________(fair)forhertosuffersomuch.Let'sgiveherahand.❾QiBaishi，afamousChinesecalligrapherandpainter，wasregardedas“thepeople's________(art)”．❿Itisnotsurprisingthatdogscanexpressthemselves________(clear)andhonestly.⓫Threequartersof________(America)saytheysavemoneyfortravelmorethananyotherevent.⓬Thebicycle­sharingsystemmayhelpreduceair________(pollute)inbigcities.⓭Havingworkedforseveraldays，they'll________(probable)finishtheprojecttomorrow.⓮Ifwedon'ttakeactiontoprotecttheforests，theywillsoon________(appear).⓯He'sbeenvery________(lucky)；nochanceshavefallentohim.Ⅱ.短文填空AReadingisa1.________(real)wonderfulhabitthatbringslotsofbenefits.Itmakesusknowledgeableand2.________(create)，andhelpsusunderstandtheworldbetter.Agoodbookislikea3.________(help)friend，guidingusthroughhappyanddifficulttimes.Whenweread，wemeetdifferentcharacters—someare4.________(cheer)andtalkative，whileothersarequietbutwise.Storiescanbe5.________(magic)，takingustoimaginarylandswhereanythingispossible.Evenasimpletalecanteachusvaluablelessonsabout6.________(kind)andcourage.However，somestudentsfindreadingboringbecausetheychoosethewrongbooks.Infact，therearemanyenjoyablebooksfor7.________(teenage).From8.________(fun)comicstoexcitingadventures，there'ssomethingforeveryone.Don'tmissthechancetoexplorenewworldsthroughreading!Readingisnotonlyusefulbutalso9.________(enjoy).Itimprovesourvocabularyandwritingskills，makingusmoreconfidentlearners.So，let'spickupabooktodayandstartthis10.________(amaze)journey!BAfterschool，ourcampusbecomesan1.________(energy)placewithvariousclubs.Lastmonth，IjoinedtheArtClubandtheEnvironmentalClub，whichmademylifemoreenjoyableand2.________(meaning).IntheArtClub，welearntoturnsimplematerialsinto3.________(value)artworks.Ourteacheroftensays，“Don'tbeunconfident—4.________(creative)makeseverypiecespecial.”Lastweek，weheldan5.________(exhibit)ofourpaintings.Manyclassmatessaidourworkswereadmirable！Thismademefeelagreatsenseof6.________(achieve).TheEnvironmentalClubfocusesonmakingourschoolgreener.Weplanttrees，collectwastepaper，andtellstudentsnottobe7.________(care)withresources.LastFriday，wehada8.________(discuss)abouthowtoreduceplasticuse.Everyoneshared9.________(practice)ideas，likeusingclothbagsinsteadofplasticones.It'snoti