湖南省邵阳市高三上学期第一次联考英语试题

2026年邵阳市高三第一次联考试题卷英语本试卷共10页，满分150分。考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、考号填写在答题卡上。将条形码横贴在答题卡上“条形码区”。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4.保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，只交答题卡，试题卷自行保存。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inapark.B.Inahall.C.Inthestreet.2.Whatarethespeakersprobablydoing?A.Organizingthewardrobe.B.Doingtheshopping.C.Tryingonnewclothes.3.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Setoffearly.B.Visitthedentistlater.C.Makeanappointmentinadvance.4.WhydoesthewomanwanttogotoGeneva?A.Tovisitherboss.B.Togoonholiday.C.Totakeabusinesstrip.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Howtorepairthecar.B.Whentogetthecarready.C.Wheretoparkthecar.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhathappenedtoJohnafewmonthsago?A.Helosthisjob.B.Hesufferedaninjury.C.Hebrokehiscar.7.Whatworriesthewomanaboutherson?A.Hisprofession.B.Hisdrivingskills.C.Hishobby.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whydothespeakersneedsomeclothes?A.Toattendaceremony.B.Toholdabusinessevent.C.Togotoaparty.9.Whatdoesthewomandecidetodo?A.BorrowMelissa’sdress.B.Trytobuyanewdress.C.Getthedressfromhermother.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhydoesDanieldecidetoquithisjob?A.He’lljoinanotherpany.B.He’llrunhisownfirm.C.He’sfedupwithit.11.WhatisLuna’sattitudetowardDaniel’sdecision?A.Critical.B.Casual.C.Supportive.12.WhatdoesDanieloffertodoforhiscurrentpany?A.Setupanewproject.B.Trainanewemployee.C.Remendalawyer.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whydoesthewomanthinkitisdifficulttoshopinclothingstores?A.Theclothesareexpensive.B.Thereisalackoffancyclothes.C.Shecan’tstandtheatmospherethere.14.HowlongdidthewomanwaitattheItalianrestaurant?A.Onehour.B.Twohours.C.Threehours.15.Whatworriesthewomanaboutorderingdishesonline?A.Theorderingprocess.B.Thequality.C.Thedeliverytime.16.Whatdoesthemansayaboutgettingdiscountsonline?A.It’sworthwhile.B.It’sboring.C.It’splex.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Havingalisteningclass.B.Introducingashow.C.Remendinganoccupation.18.Whatdidtheparticipantsdoinremoteplaces?A.Theytaughtthelocalsfireprevention.B.Theyimprovedtheiractingskills.C.Theyreceivedtraininginputtingoutthefire.19.Whatdoestheshowaimtohighlight?A.Ordinarypeople’sdedicationtothesociety.B.Theimportanceofphysicalexercise.C.Famouspeople’sdailylives.20.Whatdoweknowaboutthepresentrealityshows?A.Theyaimtoproducepositiveeffects.B.Theyaremostlyrelatedtodifferentjobs.C.Theyofferhelptomonpeople.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThearrivalof5Gtechnologyisnotonlyanupgradeinspeedbutafoundationalshiftthatisreshapingourworld.Asthefifthgenerationofmobilemunicationtechnology,5Gbringstogetherultrahighspeeds,minimaldelay,andmassiveconnectivity,enablingatrulyintelligentsociety.Iendsbeyondenhancingsmartphoneexperiencestoacceleratingthedevelopmentofsmartcities,theInternetofThings(IoT),andautonomoussystems.A2025surveybytheGlobalDigitalCouncilexploredpublicexpectationsfor5Gapplicationsindailylife.Thefindingsaresummarizedinthechartbelow,revealingnotablegenerationaldifferencesinapplicationpriorities.PublicExpectationsfor5GApplications(%ofRespondents)ApplicationArea1830AgeGroup3150AgeGroup51+AgeGroupSmartHealthcare15%35%40%AutonomousVehicles25%20%15%AR/VREntertainment30%10%25%IndustrialIoT30%35%20%Youngadults(1830)showstronginterestinaugmentedreality(AR)entertainmentandindustrialIoT.Theyvaluethehighlyimmersiveexperiencesenabledby5G’slowlatencyforinteractivegamingandvirtualsocialevents,aswellastheefficiencygainsfromsmartmanufacturingandautomatedlogistics.Middleagedgroups(3150)prioritizesmarthealthcareandindustrialIoT,emphasizingtheconvenienceoftelemedicineforremotediagnosesandtheefficiencyofautomatedproductionlines.Respondentsover51aremostconcernedwithsmarthealthcare,with40%highlightingitspotentialtoimproveaccesstoremotemedicalservicesandenablecontinuoushealthmonitoringforchronicconditions.Despitethesepromisingbenefits,thewidespreadexpansionof5Gfacesseveralchallenges.Networkcoverageremainsuneven,particularlyinruralandremoteareas,leadingtoadigitaldivide.Furthermore,theenergyconsumptionof5Ginfrastructure,despiteimprovementsinbasestationefficiency,requiressustainablesolutionstosupportdensenetworkemployments.Privacyandsecurityconcernsalsointensifyasbillionsmoredevicesconnecttonetworks,creatinglargerpotentialattacksurfaces.Expertssuggestthatbalancingcontinuousinnovationwithrobustethicalguidelinesandequitableaccesspoliciesiscrucialforensuringsecureandsustainable5Gdevelopmentglobally.1.Whatisthetotalpercentageofthe3150agegroupwhopreferbothSmartHealthcareandIndustrialIoT?A.35% B.40% C.70% D.75%2.Whatisidentifiedasamajorbarriertothewidespreadadoptionof5Gtechnology?A.Privacyandsecurityconcerns.B.Absenceofinnovationandprotectionofprivacy.C.NetworkInconsistencyandhugepowerdemands.D.Inadequacyof5Ginfrastructure.3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Agegroup5Gapplicationpreferences. B.5Ginfrastructuredevelopmentchallenges.C.5Gtechnology’scoreadvantages. D.5G’spotential,expectationsandchallenges.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了5G不仅是速度升级，更是重塑世界的基础性变革，其应用期待存在明显代际差异，同时它在覆盖、能耗、安全上仍面临挑战，需平衡创新与规范实现可持续发展。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中3150AgeGroup对应SmartHealthcare和IndustrialIoT两项的占比数据分别为35%和35%：计算两项占比总和：35%+35%=70%。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Networkcoverageremainsuneven,particularlyinruralandremoteareas,leadingtoadigitaldivide.Furthermore,theenergyconsumptionof5Ginfrastructure,despiteimprovementsinbasestationefficiency,requiressustainablesolutionstosupportdensenetworkemployments.(网络覆盖仍不均衡，尤其是在农村和偏远地区，这导致了数字鸿沟的出现。此外，尽管基站效率有所提高，但5G基础设施的能耗仍需可持续的解决方案来支持密集的网络应用)”可知，5G技术难以广泛普及的主要障碍是网络不一致性和巨大的电力需求。故选C。【3题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thearrivalof5Gtechnologyisnotonlyanupgradeinspeedbutafoundationalshiftthatisreshapingourworld.Asthefifthgenerationofmobilemunicationtechnology,5Gbringstogetherultrahighspeeds,minimaldelay,andmassiveconnectivity,enablingatrulyintelligentsociety.(5G技术的出现不仅提升了传输速度，更是一次根本性的变革，正在重塑我们的世界。作为第五代移动通信技术，5G融合了超高速度、极低延迟和大规模连接，从而构建了一个真正智能化的社会)”结合文章主要说明了5G不仅是速度升级，更是重塑世界的基础性变革，其应用期待存在明显代际差异，同时它在覆盖、能耗、安全上仍面临挑战，需平衡创新与规范实现可持续发展。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是5G技术的潜力、预期与挑战。故选D。BInmysecondyearofteachingartataruralhighschool,IencounteredareservedstudentnamedLily,whoconsistentlyoccupiedthebackcorneroftheclassroom.Whileherpeersenthusiasticallypresentedboldandvibrantpositions,Lily’sworkstoodapart—delicatepencilsketchespicturingfallenleaves,weatheredbenches,andoccasionally,asolitarybirdperchedonawire.Shedeliberatelyavoidedbrightcolors,restrictingherpaletteexclusivelytoshadesofgray.Oneday,Iassignedtheclasstocreateapiecesymbolizing“home”.Moststudentsproducedpaintingsofhouseswithsmokingchimneysorfamiliesholdinghands.Lily,however,submittedadrawingofasinglekey—agedandrusted,withasubtlegleamonitsteeth.Theimagewasstrikinglysimple,yetitconveyedaprofounddepth.Afterclass,shequietlyexplained,“That’sthekeytomygrandmother’sformerhome.Wehadtoabandonitwhenwemovedhere.Isupposehome,forme,islessaboutaphysicalspaceandmoreaboutamemory.”Thatconversationmarkedaturningpointinmyperspectiveasaneducator.IbegantoperceivethenarrativesembeddedinLily’ssimplicity—thesignificanceofpatience,theeleganceindetails.Forthefinalproject,Iencouragedstudentstoexpressapersonalstoryinanymediumtheypreferred.Lilyproducedaseriesofsketchestitled“TheUnseenBeauty”,focusingonmonlyneglecteddetailsaroundtheschoolyard—acrackinthewallfosteringatinyplant,plicatedpatternsofshadowsbeneaththeancientoaktreeduringlunchbreaks.Whenthesemesterconcluded,Lilyleftmeanote:“Thankyouforperceivingtheworldwithinmygrayscale.”Thatsummer,Iintroducedanewmoduleinmycurriculum—“TheBeautyofMinimalism”.Ihadassumedtheroleofteacherwastoenhance,yetLilyrevealedtomethatisnotalwaysaboutenhancement;attimes,themostresonantbeautyconsistsinwhatweleaveout.4.WhatmakesLily’sartworkdifferentfromothers’atthebeginning?A.Heruseofbrightcolorsandboldshapes.B.Herfocusondelicatesketchesinshadesofgray.C.Herpreferenceforpaintinghousesandfamilies.D.Herinterestindrawingbirdsandnaturalscenes.5WhydidLilydrawanoldkeyforthe“home”assignment?A.Becauseshewantedtokeeptheoldkey.B.Becausethekeywaseasytodraw.C.BecauseherGrandmahadtoldhertodoso.D.Becausethekeyrepresentedhomememories.6.WhichofthefollowingmatchesthesubjectofLily’ssketches?A.Atinyplantgrowinginacrack.B.Houseswithsmokingchimneys.C.Boldandvibrantpositions.D.Familiesholdinghands.7WhatdidtheauthorlearnfromLily?A.Artneedsstrictskillguidance.B.Teachersshouldfocusontalentedstudents.C.Sometimeslessismore.D.Familystoriesinspireart.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了乡村美术教师从内向学生莉莉的极简主义作品中，领悟到教学与审美新内涵的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Whileherpeersenthusiasticallypresentedboldandvibrantpositions,Lily’sworkstoodapart—delicatepencilsketchespicturingfallenleaves,weatheredbenches,andoccasionally,asolitarybirdperchedonawire.Shedeliberatelyavoidedbrightcolors,restrictingherpaletteexclusivelytoshadesofgray.(当同学们热情地展示大胆鲜明的作品时，莉莉的作品却与众不同——细腻的铅笔画描绘着落叶、老旧的长椅，偶尔还有一只孤鸟停在电线上。她刻意避开鲜艳的色彩，调色板里只有深浅不一的灰色)”可知，莉莉的作品与他人不同的地方在于她专注于用灰色调创作细腻的铅笔画。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That’sthekeytomygrandmother’sformerhome.Wehadtoabandonitwhenwemovedhere.Isupposehome,forme,islessaboutaphysicalspaceandmoreaboutamemory.(那是我奶奶老家的钥匙。我们搬到这里时不得不舍弃了那栋房子。我想，对我来说，家与其说是一个实体空间，不如说是一段回忆)”可知，莉莉为“家”的作业画一把旧钥匙，因为这把钥匙承载着关于家的回忆，代表着她心中的家。故选D项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Lilyproducedaseriesofsketchestitled“TheUnseenBeauty”,focusingonmonlyneglecteddetailsaroundtheschoolyard—acrackinthewallfosteringatinyplant,plicatedpatternsofshadowsbeneaththeancientoaktreeduringlunchbreaks.(莉莉创作了一系列名为《被忽视的美》的素描，聚焦于校园里那些常被忽略的细节——墙缝里生长的一株小苗、午休时老橡树下繁复的光影纹路)”可知，墙缝里生长的小苗是莉莉素描的主题之一。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thatsummer,Iintroducedanewmoduleinmycurriculum—“TheBeautyofMinimalism”.Ihadassumedtheroleofteacherwastoenhance,yetLilyrevealedtomethatisnotalwaysaboutenhancement;attimes,themostresonantbeautyconsistsinwhatweleaveout.(那个夏天，我在课程中引入了一个新模块——“极简主义之美”。我原本以为教师的职责是增添内容，但莉莉向我表明，并非总是如此；有时，最能引起共鸣的美在于我们所省略的部分)”可推知，作者从莉莉身上学到有时少即是多，简约也能体现美。故选C项。CForyears,citiesworldwidehavebeenenthusiasticallyreplacingtraditionalstreetlightswithLEDsystemspromotedas“smartlighting”.Officialspraisetheirenergyefficiency,costsavings,andenhancedsafety.However,agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthebenefitsofthistransitionarenotasclearcutastheyseem,andthepotentialnegativeimpactsonhumanhealthandtheenvironmentareoftenoverlooked.Theprimarysellingpointofthesesystemsistheirremarkableenergyefficiency,whichcanreduceacity’selectricityconsumptionforpubliclightingby50%ormore.Thistranslatesintosignificantfinancialsavingsandareductionincarbonemissions.Yet,thisfocusonefficiencyhasovershadowedcriticaldiscussionsaboutlightquality.ManyLEDsystemsemitahighproportionofbluerichwhitelight,whichisknowntosuppressmelatonin(褪黑激素)productionatnight,disruptingsleepcyclesinhumansandanimals.Theecologicalconsequencesareequallyconcerning,asexcessiveartificiallight,particularlybluelight,canconfusenocturnalwildlife.Furthermore,the“smart”featuresthatallowforremotedimmingormotionsensorbasedactivationraiseplexsocialquestions.Whileintendedtoimproveenergyuse,theycanleadtounevenlightingdistribution.Astudyfoundthatmotionsensorlightsinquieter,lowtrafficareasoftenremaineddimforlongerperiods,potentiallycreatingperceivedsafetyissuesandraisingconcernsaboutjusticeinaccesstopublicinfrastructure.Thepromiseofenhancedsafetyisalsodebated,asoverlyharshlightingcancreatesharpcontrasts,actuallyreducingoverallvisibility.Realworldimplementationfaceschallengesbeyondtechnology.Theinitialinvestmentishigh,andtheprojectedlongtermbenefitsrequirecarefulevaluation.Moreimportantly,themanagementofthesemultifunctionalsystemscanbeplex.Issuesof“multiplemanagement”mayarisewhendifferentdepartmentsareresponsibleforvariousfunctionsintegratedintoasinglepole,leadingtocoordinationdifficulties.Thechallenge,therefore,isnottorejectthetechnologyoutright,buttoadoptamoreskillfulapproach.ThisinvolvesprioritizingwarmercolorLEDs,implementingstrategicdimmingschedulesthatbalancesafetyandenvironmentalneeds,andconductingthoroughmunityimpactassessmentsbeforelargescaleinstallations.Trueintelligenceinurbanlightingliesnotinthesophisticationofthetechnologyalone,butinitsthoughtfulintegrationintotheplexfabricofcitylife.8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.ToexplainLEDtechnicalprinciples. B.Toquestiontheadvantagesofsmartlighting.C.Tolistgovernmentfinancialbenefits. D.Topredictthefutureofurbanlighting.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“overshadowed”inparagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Shone. B.Strengthened. C.Dominated. D.Concealed.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3aboutmotionsensorlights?A.Theycansolveenergywastesuccessfully. B.Theymaycauseaccessibleinfrastructureinjustice.C.Theycanworkbestinbusyareas. D.Theyhavesafetybenefits.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.UnstoppableRiseofSmartLighting. B.LED:ARevolutioninUrbanPlanning.C.SmartLighting:ACriticalReexamination. D.HowSmartLightingImprovesSafety.【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要说明了全球多地用LED智能路灯替代传统路灯，其节能省钱，但蓝光危害健康与生态，智能功能还引发安全、公平及管理难题，应科学审慎推广。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Foryears,citiesworldwidehavebeenenthusiasticallyreplacingtraditionalstreetlightswithLEDsystemspromotedas“smartlighting”.Officialspraisetheirenergyefficiency,costsavings,andenhancedsafety.However,agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthebenefitsofthistransitionarenotasclearcutastheyseem,andthepotentialnegativeimpactsonhumanhealthandtheenvironmentareoftenoverlooked.(多年来，世界各地的城市都在积极地将传统的路灯替换为被称为“智能照明”的LED系统。官员们称赞其能源效率高、成本降低以及安全性提高。然而，越来越多的研究表明，这种转变所带来的好处并不像看起来那么明确，而且对人类健康和环境的潜在负面影响往往被忽视了)”可知，第一段的主要目的是对智能照明的优势提出质疑。故选B。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Yet,thisfocusonefficiencyhasovershadowedcriticaldiscussionsaboutlightquality.(然而，这种对效率的过分关注却overshadowed了有关光线质量的深入讨论)”以及后文“ManyLEDsystemsemitahighproportionofbluerichwhitelight,whichisknowntosuppressmelatonin(褪黑激素)productionatnight,disruptingsleepcyclesinhumansandanimals.Theecologicalconsequencesareequallyconcerning,asexcessiveartificiallight,particularlybluelight,canconfusenocturnalwildlife.(许多LED系统所发出的光线中蓝光成分占比很高，而蓝光已被证实会在夜间抑制褪黑激素的分泌，从而扰乱人类和动物的睡眠周期。其对生态系统的负面影响同样令人担忧，因为过量的人造光（尤其是蓝光）会干扰夜行性野生动物的作息)”可知，前半部分强调效率是主要关注点，后半部分指出这导致了对光质量关键讨论的忽视。因此，“overshadowed”在此意为“使显得不重要”或“掩盖”，与“concealed”含义最接近。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Astudyfoundthatmotionsensorlightsinquieter,lowtrafficareasoftenremaineddimforlongerperiods,potentiallycreatingperceivedsafetyissuesandraisingconcernsaboutjusticeinaccesstopublicinfrastructure.(一项研究发现，在较为安静、交通流量较小的区域，运动感应灯通常会长时间保持较暗的状态，这可能会导致人们感受到安全隐患，并引发对公共基础设施使用公平性的担忧)”可知，其应用可能导致公共资源分配不公。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Foryears,citiesworldwidehavebeenenthusiasticallyreplacingtraditionalstreetlightswithLEDsystemspromotedas“smartlighting”.Officialspraisetheirenergyefficiency,costsavings,andenhancedsafety.However,agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthebenefitsofthistransitionarenotasclearcutastheyseem,andthepotentialnegativeimpactsonhumanhealthandtheenvironmentareoftenoverlooked.(多年来，世界各地的城市都在积极地将传统的路灯替换为被称为“智能照明”的LED系统。官员们称赞其能源效率高、成本降低以及安全性提高。然而，越来越多的研究表明，这种转变所带来的好处并不像看起来那么明确，而且对人类健康和环境的潜在负面影响往往被忽视了)”结合全文并非单纯赞扬或否定智能照明，而是通过系统分析其优势、隐患和挑战，最终呼吁一种更细致、更具反思性的整合方式。故C选项“智能城市照明：一次深入的重新审视”最符合文章标题。故选C。DIntheworldofgardeningandagriculture,thefocushastraditionallybeenonwhathappensaboveground.However,arevolutionistakingplaceinourunderstandingofplantlife,drivenbythediscoveryofvastfungalnetworksknownasthe“WoodWideWeb”.Thisundergroundinternet,formedbymycorrhizalfungi(菌根真菌),connectstherootsofnearlyallplantsonEarth,allowingthemtomunicateandshareresources.Thesefungiformasymbioticrelationshipwithplanthosts.Inexchangeforsugarsfromtheplant’sphotosynthesis,thefungalthreads,calledmycelium,extendfarbeyondtheplant’sownrootsystem,actingasanextensionofitsroots.Thisnetworktransportsvitalnutrientslikenitrogenandphosphorusfromareasofabundancetoareasofscarcity.Remarkably,researchhasshownthattreescanusethisnetworktosupporttheirownseedlings.A“mothertree”cansendsurpluscarbontoshadedseedlingsstrugglingtophotosynthesize,significantlyincreasingtheirsurvivalchances.Thenetworkalsoservesasanearlywarningsystem.Whenaplantisattackedbypests,itcanreleasechemicalsignalsintothenetwork.Nearbyplantsthatreceivethesesignalscanthenpreemptivelyrampuptheirownchemicaldefensesbeforethepestsreachthem.Thischallengesthelongheldviewofplantsaspassiveandisolatedpetitors;instead,theyareactiveparticipantsinadynamicandintelligentmunity.Despiteitsbenefits,theWoodWideWebhasadarkside.Someplants,likecertainorchidspecies,are“cheaters”.Theyconnecttothenetworkbutdonotcontributetheirownsugars.Instead,theystealcarbonresourcesfromthesurroundingplants,essentiallyparasitizingthesystem.Thisplexityaddsanotherlayertoourunderstandingofforestecology.Understandingthesenetworkshasprofoundimplications.Aswefacechallengeslikeclimatechangeanddeforestation,insightsintotheWoodWideWebcouldinformreforestationefforts.Byplanting“hubtrees”thatreadilyformfungalconnections,wecouldhelpestablishresilientandselfsustainingforestsmorequickly,promotingecosystemrecoveryonalargerscale.12.What’sthemainfunctionoftheWoodWideWeb?A.Linkingtherootsofallplants.B.Helpingplantsabsorbwaterefficiently.C.Servingasmicrobes’mainfood.D.Facilitatingplantmunicationandsharing.13.HowdoesthemothertreehelpseedlingsaccordingtoParagraph2?A.Bysupplyingnutrientsviafungalnetworks.B.Byshieldingfromstrongsunlight.C.Byreleasingpestkillingchemicals.D.Byprovidingmoresugars.14.Whydoestheauthormention“cheaters”inParagraph4?A.ToexplaintheWoodWideWebhasweaknesses.B.ToprovetheWoodWideWebhasfragileandharmfulspecies.C.ToprovetheWoodWideWebthreatensagriculture.D.ToshowtheWoodWideWebisbeneficialtoecosystem.15.What’stheauthor’smainpurposeinwriting?A.Toexplainthebenefitsoffungalnetworks.B.Tointroduceaplexandsymbioticnaturalsystem.C.Tocriticizepreviousagriculturalpractices.D.Topromotemercialapplicationoffungalnetworks.【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍被称作“树木互联网”的地下真菌网络的功能、共生关系及对生态研究的意义。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thisundergroundinternet,formedbymycorrhizalfungi(菌根真菌),connectstherootsofnearlyallplantsonEarth,allowingthemtomunicateandshareresources.(这个由菌根真菌形成的地下网络，连接着地球上几乎所有植物的根系，让它们能够交流并共享资源)”可知，“树木互联网”的主要作用是促进植物间的交流与资源共享。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thisnetworktransportsvitalnutrientslikenitrogenandphosphorusfromareasofabundancetoareasofscarcity.Remarkably,researchhasshownthattreescanusethisnetworktosupporttheirownseedlings.A“mothertree”cansendsurpluscarbontoshadedseedlingsstrugglingtophotosynthesize,significantlyincreasingtheirsurvivalchances.(这个网络会将氮、磷等重要营养物质从富足区域输送到匮乏区域。研究还惊人地发现，树木能通过这个网络扶持自己的幼苗，母树会将多余的碳输送给处于荫蔽处、难以进行光合作用的幼苗，大幅提高其存活率)”可知，母树通过真菌网络为幼苗输送碳等营养物质来帮助其生长。故选A项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Despiteitsbenefits,theWoodWideWebhasadarkside.Someplants,likecertainorchidspecies,are“cheaters”.(尽管益处良多，树木互联网也有其阴暗面。一些植物如某些兰花品种，属于“投机者”)”可知，作者提及“投机者”类植物，是为了说明树木互联网并非只有益处，也存在自身的弊端和不足。故选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，文章先介绍了“树木互联网”的核心功能，接着讲解其与植物间的共生关系、作为预警系统的作用，又提及网络中存在的“投机者”植物体现的复杂性，最后说明研究该网络对生态保护的意义，短文的目的是介绍一个复杂的自然共生系统。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Buildingmunity,OneGardenataTimeHaveyoueverwalkedpastaneglectedcornerofyourneighborhoodandimagineditburstingwithflowersandvegetables?Thisvisionisbeingarealityinmanycitiesthroughtheriseofmunitygardens.Thesesharedspacesaremorethanjustplotsofland.____16____Theyarepowerfultoolsforstrengtheningsocialbondsandfosteringasenseofbelonging.First,munitygardensarebridgesthatconnectpeople.Intheprocessofworkingtogether,neighborsfromdifferentbackgroundsgetachancetointeract.____17____Retiredelderscansharegardeningskills,youngparentscanteachtheirchildrenaboutplants,andofficeworkerscanrelaxbytendingtothegreens.Thisregular,facetofaceinteractionhelpsbreakdownsocialbarriersandbuildfriendships.Beyondsocialvalue,gardensarealsovibrantclassroomsforecology.Here,childrencanseewiththeirowneyeshowseedssproutandhowinsectshelpwithpollination,thusunderstandingthecyclesofnature.____18____Itmoveslearningfromabstractpagesinabooktoadirect,sensoryexperienceoflife’sinterconnectedness.Thismakesconceptsofsustainabilityandenvironmentalstewardshiptangibleandmemorable.Ofcourse,runningasuccessfulgardeneswithchallenges.Howtoallocateplotsfairly?Howtosetwateringandweedingrulesthateveryonefollows?Overingthesechallengestogetherfurtherdeepensthemunity’sconnection.____19________20____Theytransformcoldpublicspacesintovibrantmunityhubsfulloflifeandwarmth,provingthatwhenwecooperateforamongoal,wecancreatesomethingfarmorevaluablethantheharvestitself—acloser,kinder,andmorelivelyneighborhood.A.Thebenefitsofmunitygardensextendfarbeyondtheharvest.B.Forthisreason,mostgardensestablishclearrulesaboutplotmaintenance.C.Inconclusion,munitygardenssowtheseedsforstrongerneighborhoods.D.Thishandsonlearningexperienceisinvaluableforenvironmentaleducation.E.Thisdirectobservationprovidesacrucialbridgebetweentheoryandpractice.F.Theseinteractionsoftenstartwithsimplegreetingsandgrowintomeaningfulexchanges.G.Itinvolvesdiscussion,promise,andcollectiveresponsibility,teachingvaluablelessonsincivicengagement.【答案】16.A17.F18.E19.G20.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社区花园的益处，强调其不仅是种植作物的地方，更是连接社区成员、促进生态教育和增强社区凝聚力的有力工具。【16题详解】上文“Thesesharedspacesaremorethanjustplotsofland.(这些共享空间不仅仅是几块土地。)”指出社区花园不仅仅是土地，暗示其有更深远的意义。下文“Theyarepowerfultoolsforstrengtheningsocialbondsandfosteringasenseofbelonging.(它们是加强社会联系和培养归属感的有力工具。)”进一步阐述了社区花园在社交方面的作用。A项“Thebenefitsofmunitygardensextendfarbeyondtheharvest.(社区花园的益处远远超出了收获本身。)”承上启下，既总结了上文提到的社区花园不仅仅是土地，又引出了下文关于其益处的讨论，符合语境。故选A。【17题详解】上文“Intheprocessofworkingtogether,neighborsfromdifferentbackgroundsgetachancetointeract.(在共同工作的过程中，来自不同背景的邻居有机会进行互动。)”描述了社区花园为邻居提供了互动的机会。下文“Retiredelderscansharegardeningskills,youngparentscanteachtheirchildrenaboutplants,andofficeworkerscanrelaxbytendingtothegreens.(退休的老人可以分享园艺技巧，年轻的父母可以教孩子认识植物，上班族可以通过照料绿色植物来放松。)”具体举例说明了这种互动如何展开。F项“Theseinteractionsoftenstartwithsimplegreetingsandgrowintomeaningfulexchanges.(这些互动通常从简单的问候开始，逐渐发展成为有意义的交流。)”承接上文，进一步描述了互动的开始和发展过程，与下文的具体例子相呼应，符合语境。故选F。【18题详解】上文“Here,childrencanseewiththeirowneyeshowseedssproutandhowinsectshelpwithpollination,thusunderstandingthecyclesofnature.(在这里，孩子们可以亲眼看到种子如何发芽，昆虫如何帮助授粉，从而了解自然的循环。)”描述了孩子们在社区花园中通过观察学习自然知识。下文“Itmoveslearningfromabstractpagesinabooktoadirect,sensoryexperienceoflife’sinterconnectedness.(它将学习从课本上的抽象页面转移到对生命相互联系的直接、感官体验。)”强调了这种学习方式的转变和重要性。E项“Thisdirectobservationprovidesacrucialbridgebetweentheoryandpractice.(这种直接观察为理论和实践之间提供了关键的桥梁。)”承接上文，指出直接观察的重要性，同时引出了下文关于学习方式转变的讨论，符合语境。故选E。【19题详解】上文“Ofcourse,runningasuccessfulgardeneswithchallenges.Howtoallocateplotsfairly?Howtosetwateringandweedingrulesthateveryonefollows?Overingthesechallengestogetherfurtherdeepensthemunity’sconnection.(当然，经营一个成功的花园会面临挑战。如何公平分配地块？如何制定每个人都遵守的浇水和除草规则？共同克服这些挑战进一步加深了社区的联系。)”描述了经营社区花园面临的挑战以及共同克服挑战的重要性。G项“Itinvolvesdiscussion,promise,andcollectiveresponsibility,teachingvaluablelessonsincivicengagement.(它涉及讨论、妥协和集体责任，为公民参与提供了宝贵的教训。)”进一步解释了共同克服挑战的过程，强调了其中的讨论、妥协和集体责任，与上文相呼应，同时引出了下文关于社区花园对社区凝聚力的影响的讨论，符合语境。故选G。【20题详解】下文“Theytransformcoldpublicspacesintovibrantmunityhubsfulloflifeandwarmth,provingthatwhenwecooperateforamongoal,wecancreatesomethingfarmorevaluablethantheharvestitself—acloser,kinder,andmorelivelyneighborhood.(它们将冰冷的公共空间转变为充满生机和温暖的充满活力的社区中心，证明当我们为一个共同的目标而合作时，我们可以创造出比收获本身更有价值的东西——一个更亲密、更友善、更活跃的社区。)”总结了社区花园的积极影响，强调了其对社区凝聚力的提升。C项“Inconclusion,munitygardenssowtheseedsforstrongerneighborhoods.(总之，社区花园为更强大的社区播下了种子。)”作为总结句，概括了全文的主旨，即社区花园对社区凝聚力的积极影响，符合语境。故选C。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Aftermyfatherpassedaway,Ifoundhisoldjournalintheattic.Itsleathercoverwasworn,andmanypageshadeloose.Insteadofplacingitbackinth