2026年高考英语终极冲刺：猜押专题09 阅读理解之说明文 （按话题分类）（原卷版）

4/4猜押专题09阅读理解之说明文（按话题分类）本命题依据2026新课程标准与高考命题新要求，是高考阅读C篇核心题型，命题完全源自权威科普+前沿科技+社会现象+生态环保，选自外刊、权威媒体、科研简报等正规信息源。核心考信息定位+逻辑理解+细节比对，长难句偏多，掌握结构规律与命题套路可稳拿高分、少丢分。2023–2025年高考阅读理解说明文对比表年份试卷类型原文字数体裁主题语境话题2025全国高考一卷338说明文人与社会文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。2025全国高考二卷266/340说明文人与自然1.文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。2.文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。2024新高考I卷366说明文人与自然文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。2024新高考II卷272/323说明文人与社会1.文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。2.文章主要介绍了CatrionaCampbell所著AIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。2023新高考I卷322/339说明文人与自我1.文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。2.没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。2023新高考II卷330/320说明文人与社会/人与自然1.文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。2.城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。一、高考阅读理解说明文总纲领核心定位：高考阅读C篇，高分题、重逻辑、结构为王（7–9分钟/篇）。本质：信息阐释+逻辑论证+客观说明，不是文学阅读；目标是理清结构、读懂概念、精准比对、理性判断。二、核心命题变化①体裁聚焦科普说明类，以科技新知、生态环保、社会研究、健康常识、文化现象、实验介绍为主，图表类说明文占比逐年提升；②强化逻辑关系理解（因果、对比、例证、定义），长难句增多，侧重对概念、原理、数据、结论的准确解读；③话题紧扣时代热点：人工智能、碳中和、生物多样性、心理健康、新型材料、城市规划等，科学性、实用性极强；④解题从逐句翻译转为抓结构+找逻辑+核细节，强调对段落功能与文章脉络的把握；⑤题型以细节理解题（60%）+推理判断题（20%）+主旨大意题（10%）+词义猜测/指代题（10%）为主，既考精准定位，也考逻辑推断。三、语篇核心特征结构逻辑（高考标准“总—分—总”结构）①引入段：提出说明对象（现象、问题、事物、研究），给出背景或中心观点；②主体段：分层阐释——定义→原理→特点→实验/数据→优势/问题→应用/影响；③结尾段：总结观点、给出展望、提出建议或重申意义。常见段落逻辑：总分、因果、对比、例证、并列、递进。语言特点①客观严谨，以陈述、解释、说明、论证为主，无强烈情感色彩；②专业词汇增多，但多附带定义、解释、同位语，可通过语境破解；③篇幅范围：340–380词，复合句、长难句集中，常含被动语态、非谓语、定语从句、状语从句；④价值导向：科学理性、关注社会、生态保护、科技创新、健康生活，凸显核心素养。四、2026高频猜押话题科技创新：AI应用、新型材料、航天科技、智能设备生态环保：碳中和、生物多样性、污染治理、可持续发展社会研究：身心健康、社交模式、教育创新、城市发展自然科普：动植物习性、气候现象、地质原理文化现象：传统技艺传承、跨文化交流、数字文化五大题型专项突破细节理解题（占比60%+）推理判断题（逻辑推断）主旨大意/段落大意题词义猜测/代词指代题文章结构/段落功能题五、通用解题逻辑①先速读首尾段+各段首句，确定说明对象与文章结构；②圈画题干关键词（概念、数据、因果、对比、专有名词），回文定位；③识别逻辑信号词（because/however/therefore/forexample/while），理清句间关系；④细节题原文比对，推理题依逻辑推导，主旨题抓中心句；⑤排除偷换概念、绝对化、无中生有、过度推断、以偏概全干扰项。六、备考启示考场实用策略先结构后细节，先首尾后中间快速搭建文章框架，再逐题定位，不盲目通读。抓逻辑信号词however/therefore/because/while/similarly直接决定句意与答案。专业词不慌生词多有解释、同位语或上下文线索，不影响解题。绝对词慎选only/never/all/always/impossible多为错误项。忠于原文，理性推断说明文重客观，不加入主观情感与生活经验。五大题型专项备考策略细节题：定位原句→比对信息→排除偷换/错位推理题：依因果/对比逻辑→合理推断→不过度延伸主旨题：看首尾段+各段主旨句→概括说明对象+核心内容词义/指代题：看上下文定义/解释/指代→代入验证结构题：判断段落功能（引入/例证/对比/总结）→匹配选项避坑策略不被长难句吓住：拆分主谓宾，忽略修饰成分抓主干不混淆概念：注意相似名词、近似表述的细微差别不主观臆断：所有推断必须有原文逻辑支撑不忽略数据与例证：例子、数据多为考点服务不把局部当整体：避免以单一细节代替全文主旨考点1：细节理解题做法步骤：圈关键词：概念名词、数据、时间、研究人员、实验结果、逻辑词回文定位：锁定对应段落与原句精读原句：提取精准信息，注意范围、程度、条件限制比对选项：排除偷换概念、扩大/缩小范围、信息错位确定答案：与原文完全一致的选项口诀：关键词定位，原句精读，细节比对，直选答案。考点2：推理判断题（逻辑推断）做法步骤：定位原文依据，抓因果/对比/条件逻辑识别逻辑词：because,therefore,thus,however,if合理推导：原因→结果，现象→本质，条件→结论坚守原则：原文有依据，不主观，不绝对排除过度推理、与原文矛盾、无依据选项口诀：找逻辑，依原文，合理推，不脑补。考点3：主旨大意/段落大意题做法步骤：全文主旨：看首段引入+尾段总结段落主旨：看段首主题句+段尾总结句概括结构：说明对象+核心内容/特征/意义排除只讲细节、范围过大/过小、无中心的选项套用句型：Thepassagemainlytalksabout.../Theparagraphfocuseson...口诀：看首尾，抓主题，对象加核心，主旨不偏离。考点4：词义猜测/代词指代题做法步骤：定位生词/代词，看上下文线索：定义、举例、因果、转折、同义/反义常见标志：thatis,inotherwords,suchas,but,however,or代词题：向前找最近的名词/名词短语代入选项验证：通顺且符合逻辑为正确答案排除字面意思、无关含义、情感偏向项口诀：看语境，找线索，代进去，通得顺。考点5：文章结构/段落功能题做法步骤：看段落位置：首段引入，中段论证/例证，尾段总结/展望判断功能：introduce,explain,compare,giveanexample,conclude,suggest识别结构：总—分—总、问题—解决方案、现象—分析—结论结合逻辑词，判断段落间关系排除偏离结构、功能错位选项口诀：看位置，辨功能，理逻辑，定结构。Passage1河北衡水中学2025-26届高三年级检测（七）Thenumerousbacteriathatnaturallyinhabitthehumanbodyseemtohelpusinmanyways.Onegroupisemergingasparticularlybeneficial:atypeofgut(肠道)bacteriaknownasBlautia,whichhasmadeheadlinesrecentlybecauseitseemstoproducesomereallyremarkableeffects.Now,aChineseteamisglimpsinganotherpotentialbenefitofBlautia:helpingpeopleadapttohighaltitudes.TheirfindingssuggestthatprovidingBlautiacouldhelpmountaineersandothersperformbetterinthesechallengingenvironments.Qing-PengKong,ageneticistattheChineseAcademyofSciences,andhisteamrecruited45mentomovefromtheirhomesat250metersabovesealeveltoatownatabout3,700meters.Despitethethinair,themenatesimilarfoodastheyhadathome,minimizingtheeffectsofdietchangesontheirgutbacteria.After2days,Blautiawentfrombeingraretoveryabundantintheirguts.Inthesecondexperiment,theteamexposedmicetocontrolledlow-oxygenconditionsinthelabfirstandthensimulated(模拟)analtitudeof4,000meters,whilegivingBlautiatohalfofthemeveryotherday.TheBlautia-treatedmiceshowedmilderresponseofaltitudesickness.Thisopensthedoorintowhetheraltitudesicknessmightbeamenabletotreatmentthroughthegut.Thebacteria’seffectmayalsoextendtothebrain.“Itssuperpowercomesfromtheconnectionbetweenthegutandthebrain,”saysKlepac-CerakatWellesleyCollege.Thefattyacidsitmakesareknowntoactivatereceptors(神经末梢)onnervesthatconnectthedigestivesystem,heartandbrain.ThiscouldhelpexplainasurprisingrelationshipthatKlepac-Cerakreportedlastyear:KidsaremorelikelytotalkandlaughwhentheyhavemoreBlautiaintheirguts.“There’slotsofcommunicationhappeningbetweenourbrain;wearejustbeginningtouncoverwhatservicesbacteriadoforus.”Klepac-Ceraknotes.Blautia’sapparentsuperpowerssuggesttoKongitcouldserveasasupplement(补充)thatbenefitspeopleregardlessofwhethertheyareplanningatriptoTibet.Butfirst,Kongsays,hewantstofindoutwhetherBlautiaisa“solo”playerorhastheseprotectiveeffectsonlyaspartofalargergroupofbacteria.8.What’sthenewly-foundbenefitofthestudyledbyaChineseteam?A.Itgetspublicattention. B.Ithelpspeopledobetterathighaltitudes.C.Itmakessocialmediaangry. D.Itintroducesanadvancednewtechnology.9.Whatdoweknowaboutthesubjects(实验对象)inbothexperiments?A.Theyexperiencedlow-oxygenconditions.B.TheyreceivedBlautiaintheirdiet.C.Theymovedtohigh-altituderegions.D.Theysufferedseverealtitudesickness.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“amenable”inParagraph3mean?”.A.Careless B.Untreatable. C.Unchangeable D.Reactive.11.HowwouldbothKongandKlepac-CerakdescribeBlautia’sroleinhumanhealth?A.double-edgedsword. B.Asoloplayer.C.Anextremelyeffectivesolution. D.Apartially-understoodinfluencePassage2吉林省松原市实验高级中学2025-2026学年高三下学期学情调研Formanyecologists,monitoringindividualanimalsoverlongperiodsoftimeiscrucialtoconservationefforts.Buteventheexpertshavedifficultydifferentiatingonebearfromanother.Tohelpwildlifebiologistsmakesenseofitall,ateamatSwitzerland’sEPFLandAlaskaPacificUniversity(APU)hasdevelopedPoseSwin,anAIprogramcapableoftellingbrownbearsapartfromoneanother.PoseSwinwastrainedonover72,000photosof109differentbrownbearstakenbyAPUresearcherBethRosenberg,whotooktheimagesatalltimesofdayandnightandinvariousweatherconditions,whilealsomakingsuretodocumentthebearsinavarietyofbehaviors.Sheandherteamthendeterminedthehandfulofdetailsthatremainrelativelyconstantovertheanimal’slife.Thesedetailsincludetheirbrowboneangle,earplacement,andnoseandmouthshapes.They’remorereliablethanbodyshapealone,whichchangesdramaticallywithweightgain.TheteamtookPoseSwinforafieldtestwithhelpfromcitizenscientists.AftercollectingmorebrownbearphotosfromvisitorstoKatmaiNationalParkandPreserve,researchersfedthephotosintothemachinelearningprogram.Inmultiplecases,PoseSwinsuccessfullymatchedindividualbearstothoseinitsdatabase.PoseSwin’sdesignerscouldtrackhowandwherebrownbearsmovedforseasonalfood.“Thisisaconcreteexampleofthemodel’spotential,”saidRosenberg.“Thetechnologycouldeventuallyanalyzethousandsofpicturesvisitorstakeyearlyandhelpmaphowbrownbearsusethisexpansivearea.”RosenbergandherteamarenowusingPoseSwintomonitorover100bearslivingaroundMcNeilRiverStateGameSanctuary.Earlytestshaveindicatedit’salsoincrediblyaccuratewhentrainedonmonkeys.Anyonecanaccessthemachinelearningalgorithm(算法)fortheirownsubject—althoughthere’sagoodchancethatnoneofthemwillbeharderforPoseSwintoidentify.“Bearsareperhapsthehardestspeciestorecognizeindividually,”saidMathis,Rosenberg’spartner.“Wefocusedonthemfirstwiththeideathatourprogramcouldbeadaptedtootherspecies.”32.WhatdoesPoseSwinmainlydependontoidentifyindividualbears?A.Theirfacialfeatures. B.Theirfurcolorandsize.C.Theirweightandbodyshape. D.Theirbehavioralpatterns.33.Whatwerethephotosfromcitizenscientistsusedtodo?ATraintheAIprogramPoseSwin. B.Recordbears’lifelongchanges.C.TestthefunctionofPoseSwin. D.Designanewlearningalgorithm.34.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPoseSwininthelastparagraph?A.Itwon’tbeavailableopen-source. B.Itwon’tremainsobear-centric.C.Itreliesonhigh-qualityphotos. D.Itistrainedonthelimiteddata.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.PoseSwin:AWildlifeToolforBearResearch B.PoseSwin:AnalyzingVisitorPhotosofBearsC.PoseSwin:TrackingBearSeasonalMovement D.PoseSwin:AnAIProgramforBearIdentificationPassage3杭州学军中学2026首考适应性考试Anewstudyhasfoundthatbreathingdoesmorethanjustmoveairinandoutofyourlungs—itcouldevenbeusedtoidentifywhoyouare.ScientistsatIsrael’sWeizmannInstituteofSciencediscoveredthateachpersonhasadistinctbreathingpattern,knownasanasal(鼻的)breathing“fingerprint”,auniquepatternthatrevealscluesaboutaperson’sphysicalandmentalhealth.Notably,brainscientistTimnaSorokashared,“Wewereabletoidentifydifferencesbetweenlessdepressedandnon-depressedindividuals.”Theresearchersoriginallysetouttobetterunderstandhowoursenseofsmellworks.Inhumans,thebrainprocessessmellduringinhalation(吸入),andthiscloseconnectionbetweenthebrainandbreathingledtheteamtowonder:couldourbreathingpatternsreflectthewayourbrainsarewired—andbeuniquetoeachofus?Toexplorethisquestion,theydevelopedalightweight,wearabledevicethattracksnasalairflowcontinuouslyfor24hours.Thestudy,publishedinthejournalCurrentBiology,tested100healthyyoungadultsastheywentabouttheirregularroutines—running,studying,resting,andmore.Theresultsshowedbreathingpatternscanidentifyindividualswith96.8percentaccuracy.“Ithoughtitwouldbereallyhardtoidentifysomeonebecauseeveryoneisdoingdifferentthings,”saidSoroka.“Butitturnsouttheirbreathingpatternswereremarkablydistinct!”Beyondindividualidentification,thestudyalsofoundclearlinksbetweenbreathingpatternsandbodymassindex(BMI),sleep-wakecycles,andmentalhealthtraitssuchasanxietyanddepression.Forexample,peoplewhoscoredhigheronanxietyteststendedtohaveshorterinhalationperiods.Importantly,theresearchersnotedthattheyonlyknowthereisanassociationbetweenbreathingandmood,buttheydon’tknowthecause-and-effectdirection—whetherfeelinganxiouschangesbreathing,oracertainbreathingpatterncausesanxiety.Ifthelatteristrue,changinghowwebreathecouldpotentiallyimprovemood.However,thecurrentdevicehasdrawbacks:itusessofttubesunderthenosethatcanbeuncomfortabletowearandmayslipduringsleep,anditdoesn’ttrackmouthbreathing.Theteamisworkingonimprovingthedeviceandfurtherexploringthebreathing-moodconnectiontounlockmorepracticalapplications.8.Whyisbreathing“fingerprint”mentioned?A.Toexplainhowthebrainprocessessmell.B.Tointroduceanewly-inventedtrackingdevice.C.Toshowalinkbetweenbreathinganddepression.D.Tostresstheuniquenessofpersonalbreathingpattern.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?A.Connected. B.Powered.C.Controlled. D.Trained.10.Whatcanweinferabouttherelationshipbetweenbreathingandmood?A.Changesinbreathcureanxiety.B.Anxietyalwayscausesabnormalbreathing.C.Theirexactrelationshipremainsunclear.D.Breathingisresponsiblefornegativemood.11.Whatisthemainfindingofthisresearch?A.Ourfingerprintstellalotaboutourhealth.B.Breathingpatternslinktoidentityandhealth.C.Agroundbreakingdevicerevealsmentalhealth.D.Anxietylevelslinktoshorterinhalationperiods.Passage4江浙高中发展共同体·2026届高三第一次适应性考试Whiletechnologicaladvancementshaveenhancedtheconvenienceofurbancommutinginrecentyears,environmentalstudiesrevealaworryingdeclineinurbangreenspaces,especiallyindenselypopulateddistricts.Manyresidentscomplainthatthere’sinsufficientaccesstonature-filledareasforrelaxationandexercise,sotheyendupspendingmoretimeindoors,relyingonvirtualentertainment.UrbanplannersLilaChenandRyanMoorearedeeplytroubledbysuchissues.IntheirnewlyreleasedbookGreenLiving:ReclaimOurCities’NaturalSpaces,theycallforafundamentalrethinkingofurbandesignandtherolegreeneryshouldplayinourdailylives.Thelandscapeofurbanlivingbegantoshiftdecadesago.Vastareasofnaturalvegetationwereclearedtomakeroomforsprawlingconcretestructuresandcommercialcenters,forcingresidentstoseeknatureindistantsuburbs.Somegrassrootsgroupsfoughtback.Mostnotably,acommunityorganizerfromSeattle,whorelocatedtothecityintheearly2000s,launchedamovementtosavealocalwetlandsareafrombeingconvertedintoashoppingmall.Expressingheroutrageattheplanneddestruction,EmilyClarkappealedtothecitycouncilto“PreserveSeattleasacitywherenatureandurbanlifecoexistharmoniously,notjustaplaceofconcreteandcommerce.”Similarinitiativestookplaceinothermajorcitiesacrossthecountryinthe2010s.Althoughtheseinitiativesgainedpublicattention,theharshrealityisthatthemajorityofmoderncitiesremainoverwhelminglydominatedbyurbandevelopmentattheexpenseofgreenspaces.Thecoverageofnaturalareasincitieshasbeenshrinkingsteadily.InCalifornia,forinstance,theratioofurbangreenspacestototalcityareahasdroppedtoarecordlow,evenasthestatepromotesenvironmentalprotectioncampaigns.Weinvestsubstantialresourcesinbuildingurbaninfrastructurethatprioritizesspeedandefficiency,yetweneglecttoconsiderthetruevalueofgreenspaces.Dowefullycomprehendthesocialandpsychologicalcostswhencitizenslackeasyaccesstonaturalenvironmentsformentalrejuvenation?TheauthorsofGreenLivingarespot-on:it’shightimewere-evaluatetheurbanlandscapesrightoutsideourhomes.8.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorhighlightinparagraph1?A.Urbancommutinghasbecomeoverlydependentontechnology.B.Thereductionofurbangreenspacesleadstolifestylechanges.C.Virtualentertainmentisreplacingoutdooractivitiescompletely.D.Residentsindenselypopulatedareashavelimitedaccesstojobs.9.WhatweretheSeattlecommunityorganizerandotheractivistsattemptingtoachieve?A.Expandcommercialdevelopmentinurbanareas.B.Relocateresidentstodistantsuburbswithmoregreenery.C.Safeguardurbannaturalspacesforabalancedlifestyle.D.Promotetheconstructionofmoreshoppingmallsinwetlands.10.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheinitiativesinCaliforniainthe2010s?A.Theysuccessfullyincreasedtheratioofurbangreenspaces.B.Theyfailedtoreversethetrendofshrinkinggreenareas.C.Theyledtoasurgeinenvironmentalprotectiondonations.D.Theyresultedintheclosureofallcommercialconstructionprojects.11.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?A.UrbanRush:SacrificingNature? B.TechAdvance:ADouble-edgedSword?C.GreenSpaces:ALuxuryorNecessity? D.CommunityActivism:ALostCause?Passage52026届江苏苏州市七校联考模拟预测Whetheryou’relookingforajob,ahouse,oraromanticpartner,there’sanappforthat.Butaspeopleincreasinglyturntodigitalplatformsinsearchofopportunity,DanielaSaban,anassociateprofessorofoperations,information,andtechnologyatStanfordGraduateSchoolofBusiness,saysit’stimetotakeacriticallookattheroleofalgorithms(算法).Sheexploreshowproperlydesignedalgorithmscanimprovethefairnessandeffectivenessofmatchingprocesses.Sabanhasfocusedmuchofherresearchonwhatshecalls“matchingmarkets”andshe’sbeenparticularlyfascinatedbyonlinedating.Inonestudy,sheandseveralcoauthorspartneredwithamajorU.S.datingplatformtoexplorehowupdatestotheapp’salgorithmcouldimproveoutcomesforromantichopefulslookingtosparknewconnections.Analyzingdatafromtheapp,Sabandevelopedamodelthatnotonlyprioritizedpotentialmatchesbasedonauser’spreferencesbutalsotookintoaccountthelikelihoodthatthepersonontheothersideofthepotentialmatchwouldbeinterested.“Inotonlywanttoshowyoupeoplethatyouwilllike,Ialsowanttoshowyoupeoplethatwilllikeyouback,”Sabannotes.Factoringinusers’history,activitylevels,andthistwo-sidedapproachtopreferenceledtoasubstantialincreaseinmatchesduringfieldexperimentsinTexas.“Ouralgorithmincreasedthenumberofmatchesby27%inHoustonandbyover37%inAustin,”Sabansays.Similarly,whenworkingwiththevolunteermatchingplatformVolunteerMatch,Sabanidentifiedanimbalanceinhowvolunteeropportunitieswerebeingdistributed.Someorganizationswerereceivinganoverwhelmingnumberofsign-ups,sometimesevenmorethantheyneeded,whileothersstruggledtoattractanyvolunteersatall.Byadjustingthesearchalgorithmtoconsiderthenumberofvolunteersanorganizationneedsandhasalreadyreceived,Sabanandherteamwereabletoensureamorereasonabledistributionofvolunteersacrossopportunities.Thetechnicaldetailsofalgorithmsmaybecomplicated,butourcommitmenttofairnessandequitydoesn’thavetobe.Ifwewantalgorithmstoworkforgood,weneedtomakeconsciouschoicesabouthowwedesignthem.12.Howdopeoplesearchforopportunitiesnowadays?A.Bylearningalgorithms.B.Bymakinguseofonlinetools.C.Bydevelopingcriticalthinking.D.Byanalyzingthematchingprocesses.13.WhatdoweknowaboutthemodelSabandevelopedforthedatingapp?A.Ithasattractedmoreuserstotheapp.B.Itmakesauser’spreferencesatoppriority.C.Itfocusesontwo-sidedpreferencematching.D.Itpresentsmorepotentialmatchestotheusers.14.OnwhatbasisdidSabanadjustthealgorithmofVolunteerMatch?A.Thepreferencesofthevolunteers.BThepopularityoftheorganizations.C.Amatchbetweenvolunteerandorganizationtypes.D.Abalancebetweenthedemandandsupplyofvolunteers.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ThePowerofDigitalMatchmakingB.ANewEraofOpportunitySearchingC.DesigningAlgorithmsforBetterMatchesD.VolunteeringBetterwithEqualDistributionPassage6江苏省镇江市2025-2026学年上学期高三零模Plantscanbegrowninflexibleways.Besidesplantingseeds,aspecialmethodallowsgrowingnewplantsfrompartsofotherplants,likerosestemsorpotatotubers—thesecopieslikethemotherplantarecalledplantclones.Thetechniquetomakeplantclonesisknownasmicropropagation(微繁殖).Itusestinypiecesofplanttissue,calledexplants(外植体),froma“motherplant”andraisestheminacleanlabwithnutrient-richmedia,undercontrolledlight,temperature,andhumidity.Thekeyliesintheabilityofasinglecelltodevelopintoawholeorganism,anddedifferentiation(去分化),wherematurecellsreturntoadividingstatebeforeformingnewtissuesandorgans.Supposeyouhaveafavoritegardenplantwithunique,attractiveflowersbutitproducesnoseeds.Innature,someplantsdependonbees,insects,orbirdstodevelopseeds—withoutthesehelpers,theymaydieseedless.Togrowit,youcantrymicropropagation.Beyondresolvingtheseedlessplantproblem,itcanalsoefficientlyreproduceeconomicallyimportantspecieslikebananas,savingtimeandcost.Moreover,itenablestheproductionofvirus-freeplantsandhelpsreproducestress-tolerantvarietiesthatotherwisestruggletoproduceseeds.Youmightbecuriousaboutthematerialsandexperimentalsetuprequiredforthismoderntechnique.Theprocessneedsamotherplant,suitableexplants,andanutrientmedium.Afterbeingcleaned,explantsgrowintocompleteplantsinaroomwithacontrolledenvironment.Later,theyarehardenedandrelocatedtogreenhousesorfields.Additionally,simplemicropropagation,suchasusingstemcuttingsofroses,letspeoplegrowplantsathomewithoutseeds,offeringaconvenientwaytoreproducebelovedplants.28.Whatcanpeopledowiththespecialmethodaccordingtoparagraph1?A.produceplantseeds. B.Changeplantcolors.C.Grownewidenticalplants. D.Protectrareplantspecies.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”standforinparagraph2?A.Explants. B.Newplants. C.Seeds. D.Newcells.30.Whatcanweknowabouttheprocessaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Itishardtoreproducerosesathome.B.Plantsgrowbetterindoorsthanoutdoors.C.Thegrowthofexplantsneedsspecialcare.D.Simplemicropropagationneedscomplexprocedures.31.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?AMicropropagation:ItsTroubleandCost. B.Explants:FromLeavestoPlants.C.PlantCloning:ItsBenefitsandProcedure. D.NutrientMedia:EnergyforPlantGrowth.Passage7山东名校联盟2026届高三下学期2月份核心素养评估考试Whenwetalkofhumanactionsharmingtheenvironment,weoftenthinkofpollution,overuseofresourcesordestructionofhabitats.Butintroducingnewspeciesintoareaswheretheydon’tnaturallylivecanalsobedestructive.Onesuchinvasive(入侵的)speciesisthezebramussel.ZebramusselsliveinfreshwaterandarenativetotheCaspianandBlackSeas,whicharefoundinbetweenEuropeandAsia.Theseseasarelesssaltythanmost,soafreshwaterspecieslikethezebramusselcanlivethereandinnearbylakes.Byattachingontoships,themollusks(软体动物)havespreadtomuchofEuropeandNorthAmerica,causingaproblemfortheenvironmentandhumansalike.Whenspeciesareabruptlyintroducedtoanewecosystem,theyoftendamagethebalanceofthatecosystem,andzebramusselsarenoexception.Theyfeedbyphytoplankton(浮游植物)andothernutrientsoutofthewaterwhentheypassthroughtheirshells,andtheydosowithstrikingefficiency.Thismeansthatwhenzebramusselsarriveinanewarea,theyconsumesomuchphytoplanktonthatotherspeciesthatalsoeatthesamefoodsourcestruggletogetasufficientamountoffood.Sincethoseothercreatures,inturn,areafoodsourceforstillotherspecies,zebramusselsharmeverythinginthelake.Zebramusselsalsocreateproblemsforhumansbecausetheymultiplysoquickly.Theyoftengrowonobjectsmadebyhumans,andgroupsofthemcanpreventtheseobjectsfromfunctioning.Forexample,zebramusselshavebeenknowntoobstructtheflowofwaterthroughpipes,whichcanpreventcommunitiesfromgettingcleandrinkingwater.Theyattachtotheseobjectsfirmlyenoughthattheycanprovedifficultandexpensivetoclean.Removalofzebramusselsisincrediblydifficult,soonlybystoppingthemfromspreadingcanpeoplelimitthetroublestheycause.Governmentsofareasaffectedaretakingstepstopreventtheirspreadmostlybyprivately-ownedboats.So,boatersmustclean,drain(排空),anddrytheirboatsandmotorsbeforeenteringonelakeoranothertodefendagainsttheirfurtherspread.8.Whydoestheauthormentiontheenvironmentalproblemsinthebeginning?A.Tointroducethetopic.B.Topredicttheending.C.Toemphasizetheeffects. D.Toillustrateanargument.9.Whatcanwelearnaboutzebramussels?A.Theyneedsaltywatertosurvive.B.TheyonlyexistinEuropeandAsia.C.Theyoftenbreakthebalanceoftheecosystem.D.Theyeatlessphytoplanktonthananyotherspecies.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obstruct”inparagraph4mean?A.Avoid. B.Block. C.Control. D.Direct.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocuson?A.Thedamagescausedbyzebramussels.B.Thedifficultieszebramusselsencounter.C.Themeasurestostopzebramusselsspreading.D.Therapidreproductionspeedofzebramussels.Passage8广东部分学校2026届高三年级上学期1月份适应性测试Dogshavebeenapartofhumansocietyforover20,000years.Initially,theyservedpeoplebysupportinghunters,anditdidnottakelongbeforetheybecamepartofthehome.Dogsmightnothelpsecurefood,butforyearsevidencehasmountedthattheyhelppeopleinanotherway.ResearchledbyDr.KikusuiTakefumiatAzabuUniversityinJapanexplainswhatmightbegoingon.Themicrobes(微生物)foundelsewhere,particularlyinthehumangut(肠道),producechemicalsthatinfluencehowthebrainworks.Thosemicrobesareheavilyaffectedbydiet,butarealsoshapedbyfactorslikestress,pollutantsandexercise.Kikusuiknewfromhisownresearchthathavingadoginfluencedthemicrobiotaofthehumangut,too.Withthisinmind,hewonderedifmicrobemovementfromdogsmightbehelpingbringpsychologicalbenefitstoowners.Eagertofindout,hesetupanexperimentwith343participantsinTokyo.Kikusuispecificallyworkedwithteenagers,whoaregoingthroughacrucialperiodofbraindevelopment,whensocialinteractionsoftenhavelastingmentaleffects;ifmicrobesfromdogswerereducingteenanxietyandincreasingteensociality,thenthiswouldgeneratelong-termpositiveeffects.Heandhiscoworkersthereforepsychologicallyanalysed96teenswhoweredogownersand247teenswhowerenot.Kikusuiandhiscoworkersfoundthatdogownerssufferedfromfewersocialproblems.Morespecifically,theywerelesslikelytoreactstronglyduringconflicts,anddemonstratedfewerproblembehaviorsandlesssocialwithdrawal.Kikusuiandhiscoworkersthencollectedsaliva(唾液)samplesfromtheparticipantsandnotedthatcertainkindsofStreptococcusandPrevotella7weresignificantlymoreplentifulinsamplesfromdogowners.Theyfurtherfoundthatparticipantswithinwhomthesekeymicrobeswererarealsotendedtohavemoreproblematicbehaviors.Asanticipatedbeforetheexperiment,microbes,addedtothehumangutbydogs,maybeinfluencingthebrainsoftheirownersinhealthyways.12.