电子信息专业英语语法习题及答案（合集共10套）54

#语法练习1：将下列英语词汇和句子，分别按普通英语理解和科技英语理解翻译汉语。1.keyTheyputthekeyinthedoorandentered.Thekeysonacomputerkeyboardortypewriterarethebuttonsthatyoupressinordertooperateit.2.tubeHeisfedbyatubethatentershisnose.Theinteriorofthetubemustbekeptahardvacuumtopreservethephotocathode.3.radioHesatdowninthearmchairandturnedontheradio.Satellitestationsrelayradiowavestotheearth.4.chipPotatochipsareverythinslicesoffriedpotatothatareeatencoldasasnack.Asiliconchipisaverysmallpieceofsiliconwithelectroniccircuitsonitwhichispartofacomputerorotherpieceofmachinery.5.transformerSoperhapsbusinessfixerorbusinesstransformer?Astep-downtransformerhasaturnsratiolessthan1.Iusuallyhungoutwithmyfriendstheaterthatoncewe'vewatchedTransformer.6.powerHumansocietieshavethepowertosolvetheproblemsconfrontingthem.Nuclearpoweriscleanerthancoal.Anynumbertothepowerofnoughtisequaltoone.7.counterAtthebankcounter,theclerkcheckedeachnotecarefullytoseeifthemoneywasreal.Theavailabilityofsuchacounterdependsontheprocessorhardwareofyourcomputer.8.memoryItwasmeanttobeaself-portrait,hesaid,abeautifulmemoryfromhischildhood.Thedataarestoredinthecomputer'smemory.9.conductorHeshowedhistickettotheconductorandgoton.Heexplainedthathewastheconductorofournationaloperaorchestra,andhehadtoleavetogotopractice.Woodisapoorconductorofheatandelectricity.10.programAfterhecametothecompany,hetookchargeofthisprogram.HeusestapesofthisprogramtoteachEnglish.Findingavolunteertowritethecomputerprogramisn'taproblem.答案：1.keyn.钥匙Theyputthekeyinthedoorandentered.他们用钥匙打开门进去了n.（计算机或打字机的）键Thekeysonacomputerkeyboardortypewriterarethebuttonsthatyoupressinordertooperateit.2.tuben.管子;管;管状物Heisfedbyatubethatentershisnose.他靠鼻饲管进食。n.电子管,显象管Theinteriorofthetubemustbekeptahardvacuumtopreservethephotocathode.显象管内部一定要保证高真空才能保护光电阴极3.radion.收音机Hesatdowninthearmchairandturnedontheradio.他在扶手椅中坐下，打开了收音机。n.无线电；无线电通讯Satellitestationsrelayradiowavestotheearth.卫星中继站向地球转播无线电波。4.chipn.（作为零食的）炸薯片Potatochipsareverythinslicesoffriedpotatothatareeatencoldasasnack.薯片是很薄的油炸马铃薯片，可以作为零食冷吃。n.芯片Asiliconchipisaverysmallpieceofsiliconwithelectroniccircuitsonit.芯片是上面有电子电路的细小硅片。5.transformern.促使变化的（或人物），改革者Soperhapsbusinessfixerorbusinesstransformer?所以，或许可以用企业调整者，或者企业变革者？n.变压器Astep-downtransformerhasaturnsratiolessthan1.降压变压器的匝数比小于1。n.变形金刚Iusuallyhungoutwithmyfriendstheaterthatoncewe'vewatchedTransformer.我时常和朋友们去电影院，我们还看了变形金刚。6.powern.能力；才能Humansocietieshavethepowertosolvetheproblemsconfrontingthem.人类社会有能力解决面临的问题。n.能源；能量；（尤指）电力Nuclearpoweriscleanerthancoal.核能比煤清洁。n.（数学中的）幂，乘方Anynumbertothepowerofnoughtisequaltoone.任何数的0次方等于1。7.countern.柜台Atthebankcounter,theclerkcheckedeachnotecarefullytoseeifthemoneywasreal.在银行柜台，书记员仔细地检查每一张纸币的真伪。n.计数器Theavailabilityofsuchacounterdependsontheprocessorhardwareofyourcomputer.是否具有这种计数器取决于计算机的处理器硬件。8.memoryn.记忆，记忆力Itwasmeanttobeaself-portrait,hesaid,abeautifulmemoryfromhischildhood.他说这原本是幅自画像，是童年的美好回忆。n.[计]存储器，内存Thedataarestoredinthecomputer'smemory.资料存在计算机内存里。9.conductorn.售票员Heshowedhistickettotheconductorandgoton.他向检票员出示了车票，然后上了车。n.（乐队）指挥；Heexplainedthathewastheconductorofournationaloperaorchestra,andhehadtoleavetogotopractice.他解释道，他是国家歌剧管弦乐团的指挥，必须离开前去参加排练。n.<电>导体Woodisapoorconductorofheatandelectricity.木头是热和电的不良导体。10.programn.项目Afterhecametothecompany,hetookchargeofthisprogram.进入公司后他就负责了这个项目。n.节目HeusestapesofthisprogramtoteachEnglish.他用这个节目的录像带教授英语。n.程序Findingavolunteertowritethecomputerprogramisn'taproblem.找个志愿者编这个计算机程序不成问题。

语法练习2指出前缀、后缀，翻译前缀、后缀以及构成的新词汇。序号合成词前缀、后缀翻译1astronomically2impractical3comparison4industrialization5equipment6transformer7bipolar8amplifier9adder10multiplier11telecommunication12supplier13decoder14semiconductor15summarize16microcontroller17binary18multimeter19autorange20demodulation21electromagnetic22kilohertz23pre-programmed24defective25improper26indicator27clockwise28monolithic29responsibility30technician答案：序号合成词前缀、后缀翻译1astronomically-lyadv.天文学上；天文数字般地2impracticalim-adj.不切实际的，不现实的3comparison-isonn.比较，对照4industrialization-tionn.工业化5equipment-mentn.设备，装备6transformer-ern.变压器；促使变化的（或人物），改革者；变型金刚7bipolarbi-adj.有两极的，双极的8amplifier-ern.扩音器；放大器；扩大的人9adder-ern.加法器10multiplier-ern.乘数；乘法器；倍频11telecommunicationtele-n.电信；电讯；远程通信12supplier-ern.供应器；供应商13decoderde-n.解码器；译码器14semiconductorsemi-n.半导体15summarize-rizevt.总结，概述16microcontrollermicro-n.微控制器；单片机17binarybi-adj.双重的；n.二进制18multimetermulti-n.万用表19autorangeauto-自动换量程20demodulationde-n.解调，检波21electromagneticelectro-adj.电磁的22kilohertzkilo-n.千赫兹23pre-programmedpre-adj.预编程的24defective-tiveadj.有缺陷的，25improperim-adj.不合适的26indicator-orn.指示灯；指示者27clockwise-wiseadj.顺时针方向的28monolithicmono-adj.单片的29responsibility-lityn.责任；职责30technician-iann.技术员

语法练习3翻译复合词，指出复合词由哪些独立词组成。序号复合词翻译由哪些独立词组成1teamwork2datasheet3waveform4feedback5breadboard6pinpoint7standalone8hardware9desktop10broadband11flowchart12workstation13headquarter14bluetooth15wholesaler16troubleshooting17download18motorbike19bottleneck20gateway答案：序号复合词翻译由哪些独立词组成1teamworkn.团队合作team（团队）-work（工作）2datasheetn.数据手册data（数据）-sheet（工作表）3waveformn.波形wave（波浪）-form（形式）4feedbackn.反馈feed（供给）-back（后面；返回）5breadboardn.电路试验板bread（面包）-board（板）6pinpointvt.精确地找到pin（大头针）-point（点）7standalonen.独立的电脑，单机stand（站立）-alone（单独的）8hardwaren.计算机硬件hard（硬的）-ware（器具）9desktopn.桌面；台式机desk（书桌）-（上面）10broadbandn.宽频；宽带broad（宽的）-band（带，波段）11flowchartn.流程图flow（流动）-chart（图表）12workstationn.工作站work（工作）-station（站）13headquartervt.在…设总部；n.总部head（头）-quarter（驻扎）14bluetoothn.蓝牙技术blue（蓝）-tooth（牙）15wholesalern.批发商whole（整体）-saler（销售商）16troubleshootingn.发现并修理故障trouble（麻烦；故障）-shooting（射）17downloadvt.下载down（向下）-load（负载）18motorbiken.摩托车motor（马达）-bike（单车）19bottleneckn.瓶颈bottle（瓶）-neck（颈）20gatewayn.网关gate（门）-way（路）

语法练习4：指出下列句子中的非谓语动词（包括动词不定式、分词和动名词），解释其在句子中的语法成分，翻译非谓语动词和整个句子。1.Tobreakanelectriccircuitistoseparateitsmechanicalconnections.2.Theabilityofamaterialtoconductcurrentdependsuponthenumberoffreeelectronsinthematerial3.Thebestwayofinvestigatinganelectronicsystemistomonitorsignalsattheinputandoutputofeachsystemblock,tocheckthateachblockisoperatingasexpectedandiscorrectlylinkedtothenext.4.Ittakesonlyafewmicrosecondforthecomputertocarryoutonecalculationspecified.5.Radarisusedtodetectobjectsintheairoratsea.6.Particlesbearinglikechargestendtorepeloneanother,whereasparticlesbearingunlikechargestendtoattractoneanother.7.Avacuumtubealsocalledanelectrontubeisasealedglassinwhichelectronsflowbetweenelectrodesseparatedbyvacuum.8.Reducingtheflowingofthecurrent,thespeedofthemotoriscorrespondinglydecreased.9.Tokeepabodymoving,youmayapplylessforcethanyoudidtostartitmoving.10.Oneofthegreatestadvantagesofthetransistorisitsbeingabletobemadeverysmall.答案：1.Tobreakanelectriccircuitistoseparateitsmechanicalconnections.不定式作主语，不定式作表语。断开电路就是分开它的机械连接。2.Theabilityofamaterialtoconductcurrentdependsuponthenumberoffreeelectronsinthematerial不定式作定语。材料的导电能力取决于材料中自由电子的数目多少。3.Thebestwayofinvestigatinganelectronicsystemistomonitorsignalsattheinputandoutputofeachsystemblock,tocheckthateachblockisoperatingasexpectedandiscorrectlylinkedtothenext.助动词be+动词不定式结构构成复合谓语。调查一个电子系统的最好方法是监控每个系统模块输入端和输出端的信号，确认每一模块如预期一样工作，正确地连接到下一个（模块）。4.Ittakesonlyafewmicrosecondforthecomputertocarryoutonecalculationspecified.it+不定式短语，引导词“it”作为形式主语放在句首，而用不定式表示的主语放在句末，这样做在某种意义上来说是为了平衡，翻译时，“it”不用译出。计算机完成每一项指定的计算只需要几微秒。5.Radarisusedtodetectobjectsintheairoratsea.不定式作状语。雷达被用来探测空中或海上的目标。6.Particlesbearinglikechargestendtorepeloneanother,whereasparticlesbearingunlikechargestendtoattractoneanother.现在分词作定语。带有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而带有不同电荷的粒子则相合吸引。7.Avacuumtubealsocalledanelectrontubeisasealedglassinwhichelectronsflowbetweenelectrodesseparatedbyvacuum.过去分词作定语。也被叫做电子管的真空管，是密封的玻璃管，在其中，电子在由真空隔离的电极间流动。8.Reducingtheflowingofthecurrent,thespeedofthemotoriscorrespondinglydecreased.现在分词短语作条件状语。减小电流的流动，马达的转速就会相应的降低。9.Tokeepabodymoving,youmayapplylessforcethanyoudidtostartitmoving.现在分词作宾语补足语。为了保持物体运动，施加的力要比启动物体运动所施加的力小。10.Oneofthegreatestadvantagesofthetransistorisitsbeingabletobemadeverysmall.动名词作表语。晶体管的最大优点之一，就是能够把它做得很小。

语法练习5：指出下列句子中的定语从句，并翻译整个句子。1.Wecallmaterialsthatcarryelectricalchargeconductors.2.Thecomputer,whichseemstoplaytheroleofahumanbrain,isoftencalledanelectricbrain.3.Thethermometerisausefulinstrument,bymeansofwhichwecanmeasurethetemperatureofdifferentkindsofthings.4.Theelectricpowerwhichisconsumedinanelectricalcircuitismeasuredinwattsorkilowatts.5.Asemiconductorisamaterialwhoseconductivityrangesbetweenthatofconductorandinsulators.6.Theelectriccurrentwearetalkingaboutissimplyaflowofelectrons.7.Allthesatelliteneedsinordertomoveinitsorbitistheinitialspeedgivenitbythecarrierrocket.8.Theonlythingonehastodoistobreaktheelectriccurrent.9.Thistypeofmeteriscalledamultimeter,whichisusedtomeasureelectricity.10.Incommunicationsandelectronicengineering,anintermediatefrequency（IF）isafrequencytowhichacarrierfrequencyisshiftedasanintermediatestepintransmissionorreception.答案1.Wecallmaterialsthatcarryelectricalchargeconductors.我们把能传输电荷的材料叫做导体。（that引导定语从句）2.Thecomputer,whichseemstoplaytheroleofahumanbrain,isoftencalledanelectricbrain.由于计算机起着类似人脑的作用,所以常常被称作电脑。（which引导非限制性定语从句）3.Thethermometerisausefulinstrument,bymeansofwhichwecanmeasurethetemperatureofdifferentkindsofthings.温度计是一种有用的仪器，通过它，我们能够各种物体的温度。(介词+which引导定语从句)4.Theelectricpowerwhichisconsumedinanelectricalcircuitismeasuredinwattsorkilowatts.电路中消耗的电能以瓦或千瓦计量。（which引导定语从句）5.Asemiconductorisamaterialwhoseconductivityrangesbetweenthatofconductorandinsulators.半导体是指这样的材料，它的导电性介于导体和绝缘体之间。（关系代词whose作定语，引导定语从句）6.Theelectriccurrentwearetalkingaboutissimplyaflowofelectrons.我们讨论的电流就是电子的流动。（关系which，that，whom在限定性定语从句中作宾语时，常被忽略。）7.Allthesatelliteneedsinordertomoveinitsorbitistheinitialspeedgivenitbythecarrierrocket.卫星要在其轨道上运行所需的只是运载火箭给它的初速度。（先行词前有which，that，whom在限定性定语从句中作宾语时，常被忽略。）8.Theonlythingonehastodoistobreaktheelectriccurrent.人们必须做的唯一的事情是断开电流。（先行词前有all，any，last，no，only等修饰时，作宾语的关系代词常省略。）9.Thistypeofmeteriscalledamultimeter,whichisusedtomeasureelectricity.这种仪表被叫做万用表，它被用来测量电。（which引导非限制性定语从句）10.Incommunicationsandelectronicengineering,anintermediatefrequency（IF）isafrequencytowhichacarrierfrequencyisshiftedasanintermediatestepintransmissionorreception.在通信和电子工程，中频是这样一个频率，载波频率转移到它上，作为传输或接收的中间步骤。

语法练习6：指出下列句子中的名词性从句或状语从句，并翻译整个句子。1.WhetherIshallstudyelectronicsorsemiconductorisstillaquestion.2.Itistruethatelectricityisaflowofelectrons.3.ItiswellknownthatOhm’slawappliestometallicconductors.4.TheOhm’slawisthatanelectriccurrentvariesdirectlyasthevoltageaninverselyproportionaltotheresistance.5.Whereweshallbuildtheelectronicsfactoryisbeingdiscussed.6.Doyouknowwhodiscoveredelectromagneticinduction?7.Thediscoverthatelectricalcurrentscanbeproducedbymagnetismisextremelyimportantinthefieldofelectricity.8.Ifthereisahydroelectricplantatawaterfall,theenergyofthefallingwatercanbeusedtodrivetheturbines.9.Becauseacommandlineinterfacerequiresuniquecommands,thisinterfaceisoftenmoredifficulttolearnbecauseoftheneedtomemorizedozensofdifferentcommands.10.Inorderthatanelectriccurrentmayflowinacircuititmustbecompleteandmustconsistofmaterialsthatareelectricalconductors.答案1.WhetherIshallstudyelectronicsorsemiconductorisstillaquestion.我将研究电子学还是研究半导体仍然是一个问题。（名词性从句）2.Itistruethatelectricityisaflowofelectrons.电是电子的流动是正确的。（名词性从句）3.ItiswellknownthatOhm’slawappliestometallicconductors.周所周知，欧姆定律适用于金属导体。（名词性从句）4.TheOhm’slawisthatanelectriccurrentvariesdirectlyasthevoltageaninverselyproportionaltotheresistance.欧姆定律就是：电流与电压成正比，与电阻成反比。（名词性从句）5.Whereweshallbuildtheelectronicsfactoryisbeingdiscussed.我们在哪里建设电子厂正在讨论中。（名词性从句）6.Doyouknowwhodiscoveredelectromagneticinduction?你知道是谁发现了电磁感应吗？（名词性从句）7.Thediscoverthatelectricalcurrentscanbeproducedbymagnetismisextremelyimportantinthefieldofelectricity.磁能产生电流，这一发现在电学上是极为重要的。（同位语从句）8.Ifthereisahydroelectricplantatawaterfall,theenergyofthefallingwatercanbeusedtodrivetheturbines.假如在瀑布处有个水电站，那么下落水的能量能够驱动涡轮机。（条件状语从句）9.Becauseacommandlineinterfacerequiresuniquecommands,thisinterfaceisoftenmoredifficulttolearnbecauseoftheneedtomemorizedozensofdifferentcommands.因为一个命令行接口需要独特的命令，这个界面通常更难学，因为需要记住几十种不同的命令。（原因状语从句）10.Inorderthatanelectriccurrentmayflowinacircuititmustbecompleteandmustconsistofmaterialsthatareelectricalconductors.为了使电流在线路中流动，线路必须是完整的，而且必须是导体材料组成。（目的状语从句）

语法练习7：指出下列句子的时态和被动语态，并翻译整个句子。1.Radarantennaturnsroundallthetime.2.Televisionwasinventedin1927andfinallybecamewidelyavailable.3.3Gnetworkswouldbeoverwhelmedbythegrowthofbandwidth-intensiveapplicationslikestreamingmedia.4.Thereactorhadworked24hoursby10pmyesterdayevening.5.Theshortcircuitprovedthedesignwasfaulty.6.Workisdonewhenanobjectislifted.7.Thereflectivepropertiesofcertainhigh-frequencyradiowaveshavebeenadaptedforuseinradar.8.Inthefuturethecoalwillbeconvertedatthemineintooilorgasandshippedbypipe.9.SingaporePolytechnicwassetupin1954totraintechnologistsandprofessionalstosupporttheindustrializationandeconomicdevelopmentofSingapore.10.Theimpactoftemperatureontheresistanceofasemiconductormustbetakenintoaccount.答案1.Radarantennaturnsroundallthetime.雷达天线一直在旋转。（一般现在时）2.Televisionwasinventedin1927andfinallybecamewidelyavailable.电视在1927年被发明，最后变得广泛地普及。（一般过去时）3.3Gnetworkswouldbeoverwhelmedbythegrowthofbandwidth-intensiveapplicationslikestreamingmedia.3G网络将被如流媒体的带宽密集应用的发展所击败。（过去将来时）4.Thereactorhadworked24hoursby10pmyesterdayevening.到昨晚10点钟，这个反应堆已经工作了24个小时。（过去完成时）5.Theshortcircuitprovedthedesignwasfaulty.短路证明这个设计有错误。（主句过去时，从句一般需用过去时）6.Workisdonewhenanobjectislifted.当一个物体被举起，就做了功。（被动语态）7.Thereflectivepropertiesofcertainhigh-frequencyradiowaveshavebeenadaptedforuseinradar.某些高频无线电波的反射性能已经被应用于雷达上。（现在完成时的被动形式）8.Inthefuturethecoalwillbeconvertedatthemineintooilorgasandshippedbypipe.在未来，煤炭将在矿井里转换成油或气，并通过管道传输（一般将来时的被动语态）9.SingaporePolytechnicwassetupin1954totraintechnologistsandprofessionalstosupporttheindustrializationandeconomicdevelopmentofSingapore.新加坡理工学院成立于1954年，用以培训技术人员和专业人员支持新加坡的工业化和经济发展。（由动词短语构成被动语态）10.Theimpactoftemperatureontheresistanceofasemiconductormustbetakenintoaccount.温度对半导体电阻的影响必须予以考虑。（情态动词+be+过去分词）

语法练习8：指出下列句子的强调部分或倒装句型部分，并翻译整个句子。1.ItisMaxwellwhoproposedthatlightwavesareelectromagnetic.2.Itistoobservetheearththatsatellitescarrycamerasfarintospace.3.Resistancedoesnotdependonthecurrentinthecircuitwhilereluctancedoesdependonthefluxpassingthroughtheiron.4.Writtenonthelabelyouhaveseen110volts.5.Radiowavesarethelongest,thencomeradiantheatwaves,andthenvisiblelight.6.Thethinnerthewire,themoreresistanceyouwillobtain.7.Ontherightarethreetypesofsignallinesthatconnecttotheoutsideworld.8.Sofastareelectroniccomputersthatsecondsaremuchtoolongtomeasuretheirspeed.9.Onnoaccountshouldapersonbeexposedtonuclearradiation.10.Notonlydotransistorsraiseefficiency,butreducethesizeofequipment.答案1.ItisMaxwellwhoproposedthatlightwavesareelectromagnetic.正是麦克斯韦提出光波是电磁波。（it+被强调句型+who）2.Itistoobservetheearththatsatellitescarrycamerasfarintospace.正是为了观测地球，卫星将摄像机带入了遥远的太空。（it+被强调句型+that）3.Resistancedoesnotdependonthecurrentinthecircuitwhilereluctancedoesdependonthefluxpassingthroughtheiron.电阻并不取决于电路中的电流，而磁阻却取决于通过铁芯的磁通量。（do+动词原形表示强调）4.Writtenonthelabelyouhaveseen110volts.写在标签上的，你已经看见了110伏特。（倒装语序表示强调）5.Radiowavesarethelongest,thencomeradiantheatwaves,andthenvisiblelight.无线电波是最长的，然后是热辐射波，然后是可见光。（倒装语序，动词在前，主语在后。）6.Thethinnerthewire,themoreresistanceyouwillobtain.导线越细，你获得的电阻就越大。（倒装语序）7.Ontherightarethreetypesofsignallinesthatconnecttotheoutsideworld.在右边是与外界连接的三类信号线。（表语+be+主语，倒装语序表示强调）8.Sofastareelectroniccomputersthatsecondsaremuchtoolongtomeasuretheirspeed.电子计算机运行这么快，以至于秒用来测量它的速度显得太长了。（so+表语+be+主语+that从句，倒装语序表示强调）9.Onnoaccountshouldapersonbeexposedtonuclearradiation.无论任何情况，人都不应该暴露于核辐射。（否定副词，倒装语序表示强调）。10.Notonlydotransistorsraiseefficiency,butreducethesizeofequipment.晶体管不仅提高了设备的效率，而且减小了设备的尺寸。（否定副词，倒装语序表示强调）

语法练习9：指出下列句子斜体部分的句子成分，并翻译整个句子。1.TheformulationofthetheoryofrelativitybyEinsteinisoneofthemostsignificanteventsofthe20thcentury.2.Electronsareemittedatthescreen.3.Thevariationoftheconductivityofametalwithtemperatureisverysmall.4.Itisnecessarytofindoutthecurrentthrough,andthevoltageacross,theresistor.5.Becauseoftheirveryhighopenloopgain,op-ampsareusuallyconnectedwithfeedbacktoproduceaclosedloopoperation.6.ThesectionAudioAmplifierTestingwillgiveyouexperienceofusingtheoscilloscopetomonitorsignalsinacircuit.7.Thepresenceoftheminussignindicatesthatthecurrentof1.5AflowsfromCtoF,andnotfromFtoCasshown.8.Theenergythatisstoredintheinductorandcapacitoreventuallygetsdissipatedbytheresistor.9.Theterm“sensitivity”isoftenusedinradioengineering.10.Thisbookis,wehope,aconciseintroductiontocommunicationssystems.答案1.TheformulationofthetheoryofrelativitybyEinsteinisoneofthemostsignificanteventsofthe20thcentury.爱因斯坦提出的相对论的确立是20世纪最重要的事件之一。（主语subject：句子说明的人或事物）2.Electronsareemittedatthescreen.电子被发射到荧光屏上。（谓语predicate：说明主语的动作、状态和特征）3.Thevariationoftheconductivityofametalwithtemperatureisverysmall.金属的电导率随温度的变化非常小。.（表语predicative：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。）4.Itisnecessarytofindoutthecurrentthrough,andthevoltageacross,theresistor.有必要找出流过电阻的电流和跨接在电阻上的电压。（宾语object：动作的承受者，动词宾语位于动词后面。）（两个介词共用宾语）5.Becauseoftheirveryhighopenloopgain,op-ampsareusuallyconnectedwithfeedbacktoproduceaclosedloopoperation.因为他们非常高的开环增益，放大器通常连接反馈，构成闭环运行。（宾语object：动作的承受者，介词宾语位于介词后面）6.ThesectionAudioAmplifierTestingwillgiveyouexperienceofusingtheoscilloscopetomonitorsignalsinacircuit.音频放大器测试这一章节将会给你使用示波器监视电路信号的经验。（双宾语，间接宾语指人和间接宾语指物）7.Thepresenceoftheminussignindicatesthatthecurrentof1.5AflowsfromCtoF,andnotfromFtoCasshown.负号的存在表明：当前1.5安的电流是从C到F，而不是所示的从F到C。(定语Attribute：定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或一组词。可用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。)8.Theenergythatisstoredintheinductorandcapacitoreventuallygetsdissipatedbytheresistor.存储在电感器和电容器的能量最终被电阻器所消耗。（状语adverbial：修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分，表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。）9.Theterm“sensitivity”isoftenusedinradioengineering.这个词汇“灵敏度”通常被用于无线电工程。（同位语appositive：当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分用来说明或解释另一个句子成分。）10.Thisbookis,wehope,aconciseintroductiontocommunicationssystems.这本书，我们希望，是一个简明的通信系统的介绍。（插入句parenthesis：对一句话做一些附加解释。）

语法练习10：指出下列翻译英语长句。1.Asemiconductordiode,themostcommontypetoday,isacrystallinepieceofsemiconductormaterialwithap–njunctionconnectedtotwoelectricalterminals.2.MakinguseofFaraday'sLawinconjunctionwithhighmagneticpermeabilitycoreproperties,transformerscanthusbedesignedtoefficientlychangeACvoltagesfromonevoltageleveltoanotherwithinpowernetworks.3.Infixedvoltageregulatorsthereferencepinistiedtoground,whereasinvariableregulatorsthereferencepinisconnectedtothecentralpointofafixedorvariablevoltagedividerfedbytheregulator'soutput.4.Anoperationalamplifier("op-amp")isaDC-coupledhigh-gainelectronicvoltageamplifierwithadifferentialinputand,usually,asingle-endedoutput.5.Themicroprocessorisamultipurpose,programmabledevicethatacceptsdigitaldataasinput,processesitaccordingtoinstructionsstoredinitsmemory,andprovidesresultsasoutput.6.TheadvantageofTDMAoverSCPCisthatmoregroundstationscanshareasinglesatellitetransponder.7.Thesegraphssummarizethevariationswithfrequencyoftheresistanceofaresistor,andofthereactancesofaninductorandofacapacitor.8.Theemitterjunctionofatransistorrequiresforwardbiasandthecollectorjunctionreversebias.9.DigitaltransmissionneednothaveashighanS/Nratioasanalogtransmission.10.Ifthepositivechargedidmoveinawire,itwouldmovefromthepositivetothenegative.答案1.Asemiconductordiode,themostcommontypetoday,isacrystallinepieceofsemiconductormaterialwithap–njunctionconnectedtotwoelectricalterminals.半导体二极管，今天最常见那种类型，是一块有pn结的半导体材料连接到两个电终端的结晶体。2.MakinguseofFaraday'sLawinconjunctionwithhighmagneticpermeabilitycoreproperties,transformerscanthusbedesignedtoefficientlychangeACvoltagesfromonevoltageleveltoanotherwithinpowernetworks.利用法拉第定律与磁芯的高磁导率属性，变压器因此可以被用来高效地将电网中的交流电压从一个电压变到另一个电压。3.Infixedvoltageregulatorsthereferencepinistiedtoground,whereasinvariableregulatorsthereferencepinisconnectedtothecentralpointofafixedorvariablevoltagedividerfedbytheregulator'soutput.在固定电压的稳压器中，参考点端被连到地；而可变电压的稳压器中的参考点端被连到稳压器输出反馈的固定或可变电压分压器的中心点。4.Anoperationalamplifier("op-amp")isaDC-coupledhigh-gainelectronicvoltageamplifierwithadifferentialinputand,usually,asingle-endedoutput.一个运算放大器（“运放”）是一个直流耦合的高增益的电压放大器，具有一对差分输入和通常是单端输出。5.Themicroprocessorisamultipurpose,programmabledevicethatacceptsdigitaldataasinput,processesitaccordingtoinstructionsstoredinitsmemory,andprovidesresultsasoutput.微处理器是一种多用途、可编程设备，它接收数字数据作为输入，根据存储在内存中指令处理它，并提供结果作为输出。6.TheadvantageofTDMAoverSCPCisthatmoregroundstationscanshareasinglesatellitetransponder.分时多址相比于单路单载波的优点是：多个地面站可以共享一个卫星转发器。7.Thesegraphssummarizethevariationswithfrequencyoftheresistanceofaresistor,andofthereactancesofaninductorandofacapacitor.这些图表总结电阻器的电阻、电感器和电容器的电抗变化随频率变化的情况。8.Theemitterjunctionofatransistorrequiresforwardbiasandthecollectorjunctionreversebias.晶体管的发射结需要正向偏压，集电结（需要）反向偏压。（并列句中的省略）9.DigitaltransmissionneednothaveashighanS/Nratioasanalogtransmission.数字传输不需要像模拟传输那么高的信噪比。10.Ifthepositivechargedidmoveinawire,itwouldmovefromthepositivetothenegative.如果正电荷沿着线移动，它将从正端移动到负端。（虚拟语气）

Appendix附录AKeystoExercises练习参考答案Lesson1ivacuumtube,transistor,integratedcircuitcommunicationtelevisionacar,aship,aplane,rainvacuumtubes,electroniccomponentsamplify,switchtransistorsintegratedcircuitsIIpioneer[7pai3ni。]讨.开辟；倡导”.拓荒者；先锋马可尼在1896年率先开辟了无线电报，又在1901年开辟了远程无线通信技术。真空管加强了微弱的音频信号，并允许这些信号叠加在无线电波上。solidstate固态（器件）:source（场效应管）源（极）；drain（场效应管）漏（极）；gate（场效应管）栅（极）。晶体管就像真空管的固态等价物，（但是）没有真空和玻璃管，电子从负极移动到正极（它们现在被称为源极和漏极），电子流由一个行为类似于真空管中栅极（grid）的栅极（gate）控制。与真空管相比，晶体管更小，更耐用，更可靠，消耗更少的功率和产生更少的热量。德州仪器公司对电子世界做出了巨大贡献：（发明）集成电路。杰克•科比，德州仪器公司的一名工程师，作为集成电路的发明者，成为诺贝尔物理学奖获得者之一。Lesson2F2.F3.F4.TII新加坡的理工学院提供三年的文凭课程。理工学院在各个领域提供广泛的课程，包括工程、商科、会计学、旅游及酒店管理、大众传媒、人文和社会科学。notablyarfu显著地，尤其；those指universities»成绩好的理工毕业生可以继续在本地和许多海外大学深造，特别是在澳大利亚、新西兰、英国的大学，并可以免修在理工学院已经完成的模块。intermsof在 方面；prestigiousadj.有名望的。国立新加坡大学是新加坡最古老的大学。在学生入学和课程提供方面，它是该国最大的大学。该大学被认为是亚洲最负盛名的大学之一。enrolv,登记，入学，注册。在香港的大学作为一名国际学生入学，你将享有广泛而灵活的以英语授课的本科课程的选择，加上多样文化环境的优势。Lesson3I电气工程被认为是处理电气系统相关的问题，如电力传输和电机控制；而电子工程是处理小规模的电子系统，包括计算机和集成电路的研究。电气工程师负责电能的产生、传送和转换；而电子工程师关注通过无线电波传输的信息的传递、电子电路的设计、计算机系统的设计和比如飞机自动驾驶仪之类的控制系统的发展。电气与电子工程学科课程数学、物理及实验、编程入门、电磁场、逻辑电路及实验、计算机体系结构、电路电子设备及实验、口头/书面交流以及其他选修课程。电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE,读为[aitripleyi])是世界上最大的专业协会，致力于推进技术创新。IEEE努力推进电气、电子、计算机工程和计算机科学的理论和实践。IIC-languageProgrammingDesignC语言程序设计BasicElectricalEngineering电工基础LowFrequencyElectronicTechnology低频电子技术HighFrequencyElectronicTechnology高频电子技术DigitalElectronicTechnology数字电子技术MicroControllerUnit(SingleChipProcessor)PrincipleandApplication单片机原理及应用ElectronicCircuitCAD(ComputerAidedDesign)电子电路CADSensorandMeasurementEquipment传感器及测量设备ElectricApplianceMaintenancePractice家用电器维修实习ElectricianCertificateTraining电工上岗证培训GraduationProject毕业设计Grammar科技英语词汇词义的选择keyn.钥匙Theyputthekeyinthedoorandentered.他们用钥匙打开门进去了。儿（计算机或打字机的）键Thekeysonacomputerkeyboardortypewriterarethebuttonsthatyoupressinordertooperateit在计算机键盘上或者打字机上的按键是那些你按下用来操作它的按钮。tube几管子，管状物Heisfedbyatubethatentershisnose. 他通过一根插入鼻子的管子进食。n.电子管，显像管Theinteriorofthetubemustbekeptahardvacuumtopreservethephotocathode.显像管内部一定要保证高真空才能维持光电阴极。radio队收音机Hesatdowninthearmchairandturnedontheradio.他在扶手椅中坐下，打开了收音机。".无线电；无线电通信Satellitestationsrelayradiowavestotheearth. 卫星中继站向地球转播无线电波。chip儿炸薯片Potatochipsareverythinslicesoffriedpotatothatareeatencoldasasnack.薯片是很薄的油炸马铃薯片，可以作为零食冷吃。n.芯片Asiliconchipisaverysmallpieceofsiliconwithelectroniccircuitsonit.芯片是上面有电子电路的细小硅片。transformer几促使变化的（或人物），改革者Soperhapsbusinessfixerorbusinesstransformer!所以，或许可以用企业调整者，或者企业变革者？n.变压器Astep-downtransformerhasaturnsratiolessthan1. 降压变压器的匝数比小于1。n.变形金刚Iusuallyhungoutwithmyfriendstheaterthatoncewe'vewatchedTransformer.我通常和我朋友闲逛剧院，有一次我们还看了电影“变形金刚"opower队能力；才能Humansocietieshavethepowertosolvetheproblemsconfrontingthem. 人类社会有能力解决面临的问题。〃.能源；能量；（尤指）电力Nuclearpoweriscleanerthancoal.核能比煤清洁。队（数学中的）幕，乘方Anynumbertothepowerofnoughtisequaltoone. 任何数的0次方等于］。countern.柜台Atthebankcounter,theclerkcheckedeachnotecarefullytoseeifthemoneywasreal.在银行柜台，记账员仔细地检查每一张纸币的真伪。儿计数器Theavailabilityofsuchacounterdependsontheprocessorhardwareofyourcomputer.是否提供这种计数器取决于你计算机的处理器硬件。memory儿记忆，记忆力Itwasmeanttobeaself-portrait,hesaid,abeautifulmemoryfromhischildhood.它意味着是幅自画像，他说，是他童年的美好回忆。儿［计］存储器，内存