Unit 6 Crossing Cultures Section B知识清单新教材人教版八年级英语下册

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地点；位置ameetingpoint（集合点）startingpoint（起点）作动词①（用手指头或者物体）指指向瞄准Shepointedatthemapandshowedmetheway.她指着地图给我指路。②指出，指明She

pointedout

themistakeImade.她指出了我犯的错误。辨析：pointto，pointat，pointout短语pointtopointatpointout含义指向（强调方向/远距离）指着（强调近距离/针对性）指出；指明（强调提醒他人注意某事/错误/事实）指向特点远距离指向；仅表“方向”，不强调具体对象近距离指向；特指某一对象（人/物）不侧重“指向动作”，侧重“告知、提醒”的结果情感色彩中性，无褒贬可含轻微指责/不满（指人时）；中性（指物时）中性，侧重“帮助他人注意”，无指责意味搭配结构pointto+sb./sth.（接人/物，无从句）pointat+sb./sth.（接人/物，无从句）1.pointout+sth.（指出某事/错误）2.pointout+that从句（指出……）3.pointouttosb.+sth./that从句（向某人指出……）例句1.Thecompasspointstothenorth.（指南针指向北方。）2.Shepointedtothebuildinginthedistance.（她指向远处的那栋楼。）1.Hepointedattheboywhowastalkingloudly.（他指着那个大声说话的男孩。）（含指责）2.Mymompointedattheclockandsaidit’slate.（妈妈指着时钟说很晚了。）（中性）1.Theteacherpointedoutmyspellingmistake.（老师指出了我的拼写错误。）2.Canyoupointoutthekeypointsofthetext?（你能指出课文的重点吗？）总结表“方向/远距离指向”→用pointto；表“近距离特指/指人（可能含指责）

”→用pointat；表“指出错误/重点/事实”→用pointout（可接从句或tosb.）。【考点8】Iwasconfusing/confusedatfirst，butMrThompsonexplainedthemtome.【解析】explain的用法：作动词，过去式:explained现在分词：explaining解释，说明，讲解

Canyou

explainthisgrammarrule?你能解释一下这条语法规则吗？Theguide

explainedhowthemachineworks.向导解释了这台机器是如何工作的。常见搭配：explain(sth)tosb.向某人解释（某事）Please

explaintherulestome.请向我解释一下规则。Sheexplainedtoushowtousethenewapp.她向我们说明了如何使用这款新应用。名词形式：explanation，解释，说明Canyougivemean

explanation

foryourbehavior?你能为你的行为给我一个解释吗？【考点9】Ican’twaittocongratulatethem.【解析】1.can’twaittodosth.迫不及待要做某事；等不及做某事Shecan’twaittoopenherbirthdaypresents.她等不及要打开她的生日礼物了。2.congratulate的用法：（1）作动词，祝贺，向...道贺过去式：congratulated现在分词：congratulatingcongratulatesb.onsth./doingsth.（因某事祝贺某人）Icongratulateyouonyourgoodgrades.我祝贺你取得好成绩。He

congratulatedmeonwinningthecompetition.他祝贺我赢得了比赛。（2）名词形式：congratulation，常用复数形式：congratulationsCongratulations(tosb.)onsth.因某事祝贺某人Congratulationstoallthewinners!祝贺所有的获胜者！【考点10】Therearemanyrulesandtraditionsabouthowtousechopsticks【解析】tradition的用法1.作名词，传统（1）当指具体的某一项传统习俗时，是可数名词，复数形式：traditionsOneofourcompany's

traditions

istoholdaannualdinnerattheendoftheyear.我们公司的传统之一是在年底举办年会。（2）当泛指“传统”这个概念时，不可数名词Tradition

isveryimportantintheirculture.传统在他们的文化中非常重要。2.单词变形：形容词形式：traditional传统的，惯例的Wecookeda

traditional

Englishbreakfast.我们做了一顿传统的英式早餐。副词形式：：traditionally传统上；照惯例Thisdishis

traditionally

servedwithrice.这道菜传统上是配米饭吃的。【考点11】personreceivingtheemail.【解析】作动词，收到，获得过去式：received现在分词：receivingHe

receivedaphonecall

fromthemanager.他接到了经理打来的电话。She

receivedagoodeducation.她接受了良好的教育。辨析：receive与accept的区分：单词receiveaccept含义客观“收到”（不涉及主观态度）主观“接受”（愿意收下/同意）动作特点被动、客观（无需主动选择）主动、主观（有明确选择意愿）常见搭配receivesth.fromsb.（从某人收到）receivealetter/gift/callacceptsth.（接受某物）acceptaninvitation（接受邀请）acceptsb.’sapology（接受某人的道歉）例句1.Hereceivedalotofflowersonhisbirthday.（他生日那天收到了很多花。）2.Theschoolreceivedadonationfromacompany.（学校收到了一家公司的捐赠。）1.Sheacceptedtheflowerandsaid“thankyou”.（她收下了花并说了“谢谢”。）2.Ican’tacceptyourhelpbecauseIwanttodoitmyself.（我不能接受你的帮助，因为我想自己做。）【考点12】ItcouldgivepeoplethefalseimpressionthatIamarudeperson【解析】impression作名词，印象；（对人/物/事)的感想，可数名词firstimpression（第一印象）leave/makea...impressiononsb.（给某人留下……的印象）Hetriedtoleaveapoliteimpressiononhisclassmates.他努力给同学们留下有礼貌的印象。动词形式：impress过去式：impressed使印象深刻，给...留下印象Sheimpressedtheteacherwithherhardwork.她的努力给老师留下了深刻印象。【考点13】Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.【解析】1.lookforwardto期待；盼望这里的

to

是介词，而不是动词不定式符号。lookforwardto+

名词/代词/动名词（doing）We're

lookingforwardtoourvacation.我们正期待着我们的假期。I

lookforwardtoseeingyou

soon.我期待着很快见到你。2.hearfrom+sb.(某人）收到某人的来信/消息/电话Sheheardfromhermotherlastweek.她上周收到了妈妈的消息。【考点14】cheer【解析】作动词，过去式：cheered①为...欢呼，喝彩，加油Everyonecheeredthewinnerashecrossedthefinishingline.获胜者冲过终点时，人人为他喝彩。②鼓励，鼓舞，使振奋，使高兴cheer（sb.）up使...高兴，指让某人的心情变好。Ibroughtyousomeflowersto

cheeryouup.我给你带了些花来让你开心点Cheerup！Youwillfeelbettersoon.振作点！你很快会好起来。②作名词，欢呼声，喝彩声，可数名词Let‘sgivea

cheer

forthewinner!让我们为获胜者欢呼！口语中：Cheers!作感叹词（干杯！）（用于举杯庆祝）

Cheers!Toourfriendship!（干杯！为我们的友谊！）过关检测一.单项选择1.WhendidMike______Alice?Theylooksohappytogether.Lastsummer.Theymetatafriend’sparty.A.marrywithB.getmarriedwithC.marredtoD.marry2.Theschoolhasn'tdecided______theconcertwillbecanceledornotbecauseofbadweathernextweek.

A.whenB.whetherC.thatD.what3.Theteachersaidweshouldwriteourreports______becausetheFrenchclassfocusesonpracticingspeakingandlistening.A.inFrenchB.withFrenchC.atFrenchD.forFrench4.Howdoyou______yournewclassmateLinda?Sheseemsveryfriendly.Wegetonwell.SheoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishA.getupB.getalongwithC.getonD.getawayfrom5.It’s______totalkloudlyinthelibrary.Everyoneshouldkeepquiettorespectothers.A.improperB.impatientC.importantD.impossible6.Theworkerswerewarnedtoavoidthe________areauntilfurthernotice.A.unsafeB.unsafelyC.safestD.safety7.It'safamily_____tohaveabigdinnertogetheronNewYear'sEve.A.traditionalB.traditionallyC.traditionD.traditions8.Mysisteris______meetingherfavoritesingerattheconcertnextweekend.Shehaswaitedforthischanceforalongtime.A.lookingforwardtomeetB.lookingforwardformeetingC.lookingforwardtomeetingD.lookingforwardmeet9.______chopsticksproperlyisanimportantskillforpeoplewhowanttoenjoyChinesefood.A.HoldB.HoldingC.HeldD.Holds10.Ihaveaninterviewtomorrow.I'msonervous.

______!I'msureyou'lldoagoodjob.A.CheerupB.WelldoneC.CongratulationD.Mypleasure二单词填空1.Don’tshare______(虚假的)informationonsocialmedia,becauseitmaymakepeoplefeelconfused.2.OurnewEnglishteacherisverykindandpatient.Sheleftagood______(印象)onallofusonthefirstdayofschool.3.ReadingmoreEnglisharticlesisoneofthe______(主要的；最重要的)waystoimproveyourreadingskills.4.Onher15thbirthday,Annaislookingforwardto______(收到；接到)ahandwrittencardfromherbestfriend.5.Beforehandinginyourmathhomework,youshouldcheckitcarefullytomakesurealltheproblemsare______(正确地；准确地)solved.6.ToimproveyourEnglishwriting,firstlyyoushouldreadmoregoodarticles;______(adv.其次；第二),youneedtopracticewritingeveryday.7.Mydesk-matewonthefirstprizeintheEnglishcompetition.Iwantto______(v.祝贺；向……道贺)himonhisgreatsuccess.8.Lucy’smotherboughtherabeautifulpink______(n.女式衬衫)asabirthdaygift,andshelikesitverymuch.9.InmanyWesterncountries,exchanginggiftsatChristmasisanold______(n.习俗；风俗)thathaslastedforcenturies.10.It’s______(adj.不礼貌的；无礼的)totalkloudlyinthelibraryorinterruptotherswhentheyarespeaking.三.完形填空Chinaisacountrywithalonghistoryofetiquette（礼仪）,andtablemannersareanimportantpartofitsculture.Whendiningwithothers,followingthesemannerscanshowyour1._____topeoplearoundyou.First,seatingarrangement（安排）isveryimportant.Theseatsfacingthedoorareusuallyfortheelderlyorguestsofhonor.Youshouldnottaketheseseatswithoutbeinginvited.Youngpeople2.sitattheseatsnearthedoorinordertoserveotherseasily.Second,chopsticksarethemost3.______eatingutensils(餐具）inChina.Therearemanyrulesforusingthem.Youmustn’tpointatotherswithchopsticks—it’s4.______.Youalsocan’tstickchopsticksintothericebowl,becauseitlookslikeofferingsacrifices（祭品）toancestors.Whenyoufinisheating,putchopsticksneatlyonthetable.Third,usingservingchopsticks(公筷)isagoodhabitnow.Ithelps5.______thespreadofgerms(细菌）.Whenpickingfoodfromshareddishes,alwaysusetheservingchopsticks6.______yourownones.Fourth,whentoasting(敬酒)toelders,youshould7yourglasswithbothhandsandkeepyourglasslowerthantheirs.Thissmallactionshowsyourrespect.Besides,it’spolitetowaitforeveryonetobeseatedbeforestartingthemeal.Whileeating,chewquietlyanddon’tmakeloudnoises.Don’tstir(搅拌)throughthedisheswithyourchopstickstofindyourfavoritefood.It’salsoimpolitetoleavethetable8.______themealisover.Rememberingthesetablemannersnotonlyhelpsyou9.____embarrassmentbutalsohelpsyoubuildgoodrelationshipswithothers.10.____“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.”Followinglocalcustomsisalwaysawaytoshowrespect.A.respectB.courageC.braveryD.fearA.havetoB.shouldC.wouldD.mightA.uncommonBproperC.commonD.impossibleA.politeB.impoliteC.normalD.commonA.stopB.startC.encourageD.allowA.insteadofB.becauseofC.accordingtoD.thankstoA.holdB.takeC.bringD.winA.afterB.beforeC.whenD.whileA.buildB.breakC.changeD.avoidA.AsaresultB.EvenifC.AfterallD.Sothat阅读理解AIwanttotellyouastoryabouttheaccidentofapersonwhomeansalottome.ItwasasunnySaturdayinJuly,Iwastoldthatmybrotherhadacaraccident.Iwasshocked,anddidn’tknowwhattodo.Itseemedthatmywholeworldwasending.Theonlywordsthatcameoutofmymouthwere"Isheallright?".ButIdidn’tgetanyresponse.Hewasbadlyhurt.Hewasinacoma(昏迷)forthreemonths.MyparentsandIwereveryworriedabouthim.Luckily,intheend,hewon,andhebeatdeathsuccessfully.Soon,wefoundthatthecomahadinfluencedpartofhisbrain.Foralongtimehecouldn'trememberwhohewastalkingtoorwherehewasgoing.Whenhegotbetter,welearnedthathewasusinghismobilephonewhenhewasdriving.Myparentswereangryathim,becausetheyhadtoldhimmanytimesitwasdangeroustousephoneswhiledriving,buthedidn’tlistentothem.sohehadthisaccident.Theexperiencehelpedmeunderstandtheimportanceofsafety.Weshouldlistentopeople'ssuggestionsandkeepsafewhenwearedrivingordoingotherthings.1.Whohadacaraccident?A.ThewriterB.Thewriter’sbrotherC.Thewriter’sparentsD.Thewriter’sfriend2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"response"mean?A.帮助B.呼唤C.回应D.回响3.Whydoesthewritersay"hewon"?A.Becausethewriter'sbrothergotbetteraftertheaccident.B.Becausethewritersbrotherwonacompetition.C.Becausethewritersbrotherwasgoodatdriving..D.Becausethewritersbrotherwasimportanttothewriter..4.Whyweretheparentsangry?A.Becausetheirsondidn'tlikedrivingcarsB.Becausetheirsondidn'tlistentothemD.BecausetheirsonforgotthemCBecausetheirsonwasinacoma5.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Weshouldkeepsafeandlistentoothers'suggestionsB.Don'tlistentomusicwhiledrivingcars.C.Weshouldknowhowtodrivecars.D.WeshouldknowhowtodealwiththecaraccidentBWhenpeoplemovetoanewcountry,theyoftenexperiencesomethingcalled"cultureshock."Cultureshockisthefeelingofbeingconfusedornervouswhenyouareinaplacewithadifferentculture.Everythingseemsnewandunfamiliar:thefood,thelanguage,thewaypeoplegreeteachother,andeventherules.Thereareusuallyfourstagesofcultureshock.TheHoneymoonStage:

Atfirst,everythingisexcitingandwonderful.Youarelikeatourist.Youlovethenewfood,thenewsights,andthenewexperiences.TheFrustrationStage:

Afterafewweeksormonths,thenewnesswearsoff.Youmightfeelhomesick.Youmissyourfamily,yourfriends,andthefoodfromhome.Smallproblemsseemverybig.Youmayfeeltiredandconfused.TheAdjustmentStage:

Slowly,youstarttounderstandthenewculturebetter.Youlearnsomeofthelanguageandmakenewfriends.Lifebecomeseasierandmorenormal.TheAcceptanceStage:

Finally,youfeelcomfortableathomeinthenewculture.Youunderstandandappreciatethedifferences.Youmayevenprefersomepartsofthenewculture!Cultureshockisnormal.Ithappenstoalmosteveryone.Ifyouexperienceit,remembertobepatient,talktopeople,andtrytolearnnewthings.Itwillgetbetter!6.Whatiscultureshock?

A.Theexcitementoftraveling.

B.Th