高考英语三轮冲刺：完形填空必需考纲3500高频词汇短语归纳

高考英语三轮冲刺：完形填空必备考纲3500高频词汇短语归纳一、高频动词及动词短语动词和动词短语是英语中较灵活、较难掌握的部分，在历年高考题中所占比例最大，也是考生容易失分的地方。做这类题时，考生不仅要掌握各个动词（短语）的含义，还要结合具体语境区分其具体含义。近几年的高考试题突出了"语境优先，重在运用"的命题导向，因此，考生要注意所选词应符合语境，也要注意词汇活用现象，避免理解错误。（1）（2021·河北衡水大联考）Everyyear，Icirclethefirstdayofspringonourcalendar.Inthisway,itwon'tslipby46(unnoticed).I'mnotsurewhywe47thecalendartoannouncespring'sarrival,sinceithassolittlebearingonthematter.Springcomeswhenit'sgoodandready.Sometimesitcomeswellbeforeits48（appointed)day,andsometimeswellafter.Foryears,springinourtownwas49byLeonandJo,whoownedtheDairyQueen.Everyyear,theywould50thewords"NowHiring"ontheirsign.IwouldwalkpastandseeLeonandJo51themselvesfortheirspringopening.Itwasan52(accurate)indicationofspringasanycalendar...47.A.putawayB.learnaboutC.dependonD.makeup49.A.ignoredB.indicatedC.celebratedD.interrupted50.A.postB.receiveC.exchangeD.coin51.A.searchingB.chargingC.readyingD.demanding分析47.根据下文中的"sinceithassolittlebearingonthematter'"可知，作者不明白既然春天和日历没什么关系，为什么还要依靠（dependon）日历来宣布春天的来临。putaway把…收拾起来；learnabout得知，获悉；makeup构成，编造。【注】此处bearing不是bear的功词-ing式，而是名词，喜为"影响"。49.上文说人们依靠日历来宣布春天的来临，接着说作者的镇上多年来都是由Leon和Jo提示春天的到来。也可根据下文中的"indicationofspring'"得出答案ignore忽视；indicate暗示；celebrate庆祝；interrupt打断。50.此处表示每年他们都会在他们的招牌上张贴（post）"NowHiring”的字样。exchange交流，交换；coin创造。51.句意：我路过，看到Leon和Jo正在为春季开业做准备。search搜索；charge收费；demand要求；ready为做好准备。【熟词生义】ready熟义为“准备好的”，此处为生义“为……做好准备”。答案C，B，A，C（2）ItwasadayinlateJuly,grayanddepressing,withdarkclouds16low.IwasdrivingtoPlymouthforamuch-neededvacation.Itraveled17(quickly),hopingtogetthereandhavedinnerbeforeeveningcame.Suddenly,onalonelystretchofhighway,astorm18.Pouringwatershutmein,makingdrivingimpossible.I19theshoulderoftheroad.Then,20(asthough)someonehadturnedoffa21(tap)inthesky,itended.Athinray,likeasprayofgold,22fromtheclouds.Everypieceofgrasswasshiningasthesunflashedon23(trembling)drops.Arainbow24acrossthesky.16.A.liftingB.hangingC.climbingD.shifting18.A.struckB.passedC.formedD.exploded19.A.pulledoutB.pulledoffC.droveinD.droppedby22.A.spreadB.unfoldedC.soaredD.reflected24.A.movedB.woundC.archedD.flew分析16.句意：七月下旬的一天，天气阴沉，乌云低垂。结合上文中的"grayanddepressing”可知，此处指乌云低垂在空中。lift消散，举起；hang垂下，垂落；climb爬；shif（使）移动。18.句意：突然，在一段偏僻的公路上，一场暴风雨袭来。由下文中的"Pouringwatershutmein"可知，此处指暴风雨突然来袭。strike侵袭，爆发；pass路过；fom形成；explode爆炸。19.根据上文中的"Pouringwatershutmein.makingdrivingimpossible'"可知，倾盆大雨使作者无法开车，所以此处指作者把车停下。pullout驶离路边；pulloff停靠路边；dropby顺便拜访。22.根据空前的"Athinray，likeasprayofgold"及空后的"fromtheclouds'"可知，光线像一道金光从云层中散开（spread）。unfold打开；soar急升，猛增；reflect反射。24.结合常识可知，此处表示一道彩虹横跨天空。move移动；wind蜿蜒；arch呈孤形横跨。【熟词生义】arch熟义为"拱；拱门”，此处作动词，表示"呈拱形横跨"。答案B,A,B,A,C（3）Astandingbacktuckisthemostchallengingskillincheerleading.Formeitisverydifficult.Perhapsitisthemental4(fear)morethanmycapabilitiesthatcausesmetofallflatonmyface.IknewI5thetalentforsuchaskill,butIwasterrified.Iwasafraidtofall.Thepracticealmostendedin6(tears)becauseofthegreatdisappointment.Ididnotwanttoletmyselformyteammatesdown,butIwas7(discouraged)bymyefforts.Icouldacceptfalls,butIcouldnotacceptthatIwalkedawayfromsomethingIhadputsomanyhoursandmuchenergyinto,soI8myselftopracticeinmyfreetime.AsIpracticed,Irealizedthatmymistakeswereunavoidable.Icouldnot9theskill,ifIdidnotknowhowtodoit.Everymorning,Iamupbeforetherisingsun,attemptingwhatsomepeoplemightcallimpossible,butItellmyself,"Ifitwaseasy,everybodycoulddoit.5.A.lackedB.ownedC.appreciatedD.discovered8.A.allowedB.wishedC.pushedD.invited9.A.masterB.showC.testD.teach分析5.根据后文中的"butIwasterrified"可知，此处表示作者知道自己有这个天赋，但他/她感到很害怕。lack缺乏；own拥有；appreciate欣赏；discover发现。8.作者可以接受摔倒，但不能接受放弃自己投入了那么多时间和精力的事情，所以敦促自己在空闲时间练习。pushsb.todosth..敦劝某人做某事，符合语境。9.根据后文中的"IfIdidnotknowhowtodoit"可知，作者如果不知道怎么做，就无法掌握（master）这项技能。答案B，C，A归纳积累近五年高考完形填空中考查过的需要强化记忆的重点动词总结如下：abandon遗弃acquire获得advocate提倡analyze分析appeal呼吁；有吸引力appoint委任，任命assess评估accompany陪伴address称呼；演说；解决admit承认；准许进入adopt采用；收养allocate分配assume假定attach附上，系attempt企图，尝试bargain讨价还价bathe（以光线）撒满，覆盖；使沐浴（在光线里）bear忍受，承受bother打扰betray背叛calculate计算；估计clarify阐明，澄清confirm确认，证实cancel取消，撤销claim要求；宣称，断言commit犯（罪）；承诺consult咨询，请教convince使信服；说服depart离开，出发deliver递送；发表deny否认；拒绝承认disturb弄乱；妨碍donate捐赠；捐献drag拖，拉define给…下定义deserve值得；应受distinguish辨别，分清distribute分发dive跳水encounter遭遇；邂逅erupt爆发evaluate评估expand扩大expose揭露；暴露fade逐渐消失；衰落forbid禁止；阻止frame制订；给…做框hesitate犹豫imply暗示indicate表明；暗示identify认出，识别migrate迁移；迁徙matter要紧measure测量pace踱步pave铺pause暂停permit允许，准许predict预言，预报prohibit禁止；阻止pray祈望；祈祷press按压；逼迫purify净化；精炼quit停止；离开；离任retire退休require需要；规定recite背诵，朗诵reflect反映；反射register登记；记录remove移开；脱去repeat重复reserve预订；保留reunite再结合review校阅；温习rush迅速移动；突袭secure保护；取得sacrifice牺牲seize抓住；夺取simplify使简化，使简易ski滑雪sink下沉，下陷，沉没strike打；撞skip跳过，略过；不做spot发现，看见style把…设计（或缝制、做）成某种式样submit顺从；提交swear咒骂；发誓switch改变；交换sew缝split分裂；分开sponsor赞助；举办tremble颤抖，哆嗦zoom快速移动urge鞭策；催促（4）（2021·全国甲卷）That’swhenthingswentwrong.Irememberwalkingdownthelong50(hall)andopeningthedoortomyroomtofindanentireflockofseagulls,Burchillsaidinarecentletterof51(apology)tothe4-starhotel."Theseagullsimmediatelywent52(wild).Theyrushedtothewindow,30or40birdsalltryingto53atthesametime,andpepperoni-everywhere.Thecurtainswerefallingdown;thelampswerefallingdown.Itwasareal54(mess).53.A.wakeupB.getoutC.takeoffD.breakin分析53.句意：它们冲到窗口，三四十只鸟都想同时出去，到处都是意大利辣香肠。根据“Theyrushedtothewindow”及生活常识可知，鸟看到人类很害怕，想从窗户逃出去。wakeup使清醒；getout出去；takeoff起飞；breakin破门而入。答案B（5）（2021·辽宁丹东5月模拟）We’veallheardofan"Aha！"momentwhensomethingconfusingsuddenlymakessenseorabrilliantidea41upoutoftheblue.ChloeMarinowasshoppinginHawaiiwithherfive-month-oldson.Assomethinghappened,shegotdistractedand42(accidentally)leftherwalletbehind.Luckily,thewalletwas43bystoresecurityguardAinaTownsend,who44toreturnittoitsownerafterwork.Nothavinga45(car),the22-year-oldtookituponhimselftobicyclefornearlyanhourtotheMarinos’door.41.A.putsB.takesC.showsD.holds43.A.spottedB.presentedC.thrownD.hidden44.A.refusedB.promisedC.learnedD.volunteered分析41.根据上文中的"somethingconfusingsuddenlymakessense"可知，此处表示"突然出现一个绝妙的主意"。putup搭建；takeup占据（空间），开始从事；showup出现；holdup举起，延迟，阻碍。【积累】outoftheblue突然，出乎意料。43.语境表示，幸运的是，钱包被商店的安保人员发现（spotted）了，他自愿在下班后把它还给失主。spot在此用作动词，表示"发现，看到"。44.参见上题解析。volunteertodosth.表示"自愿做某事"。答案C，A，D归纳积累近五年高考完形填空中考查过的需要强化记忆的重点动词短语总结如下："动词+副词"型短语小结backup备份；支持blowup爆炸；给（某物）充气breakdown使分解；发生故障；失败callin召来，叫来calmdown（使）平静，镇静，安静catchup赶上checkout结账离开comealong跟着来；到达comein进来；在…中起作用comeup升起；走近；被提出cooldown使冷却下来，使变凉drawup拟定，起草；停止driveup抬高fadeaway逐渐消失；衰弱fillup装满，（使）填满getout离开；泄漏；出版giveaway赠送；泄露giveup放弃，抛弃；投降goaway高开；消失holdback阻挡；踌躇；隐瞒；控制keepoff使…不接近knockdown击倒，撞倒；拆除keepup（天气）保持不变；跟上lookback回顾；回头看mixup弄乱；混淆movearound走来走去makeout辨别；理解payoff偿清；买通；成功passdown传递；流传putaside储存，保留；不理睬putaway把…放回原处；攒钱putup提高；张贴putforward提出riseup上升；起身rollover翻过来；将（债务）转期runoff逃跑；流出setout出发；开始工作setup建起；建立settledown安下心来；定居showoff炫耀；卖弄slowdown减速standup起立；经受得住standout突出；出色；显眼stayup熬夜stayon留下来继续（工作、学习）spreadout伸展身体，摊开东西；散开takeoff起飞；脱掉；取消takeout杀死；切除（人体内的一部分）tearapart撕毁；使不快throwaway扔掉，抛弃tryout试验turnaround转身；好转turndown调低，关小；拒绝turnup出现；调大useup用尽，吃完wakeup醒来；叫醒winout终获成功"动词+介词"型短语小结acton对…起作用agreeon对…意见一致agreeto同意，答应appealto对…有吸引力；呼吁，恳求applyto向…申请；运用于begfor乞求believein相信…的存在；信任careabout关心caterfor满足需要，适合contributeto有助于；为…作贡献cheerfor为…欢呼checkon检查dealwith处理；涉及；与…做生意dreamof梦见；梦想dependon依赖，依靠；取决于finishwith以…结束；和…断绝关系helpwith帮助（做）…tendto倾向，易于；照料jumpat欣然接受knockon敲（门、窗等）leadto导致，引起；通向lookfor寻找，寻求；期待occurto被想到preparefor为…做准备reactto对…起反应registerfor注册runinto偶然遇见；撞上；达到settleon选定，决定stareat凝视stickto坚持submitto屈服taketo开始喜欢；养成…习惯"动词+副词+介词"型短语小结breakawayfrom与…脱离关系；挣脱comeupwith想出holdonto抓紧；坚持gobackto追潮到；回到liveupto不辜负，符合"动词+名词+介词"型短语小结getholdof抓住；理解givewayto让步；让…先行havecontrolof控制makeuseof利用takepossessionof占有"动词+介词+名词"型短语小结comeintoeffect生效，开始实施cometomind突然记起goonsale上市gotowaste被浪费掉；被扔掉其他短语小结makeone’sday使某人一天非常快活meetone'sdemand满足某人的需求catchone’seye引起某人注意二、高频名词高考完形填空对名词的考查也较多，且考查难度有增加的趋势，体现在生僻名词的数量逐年增加。高考对名词的考查主要分两类：一是考查语境和词的匹配，此时所给选项的词形和词义往往不同，需要考生根据语境或提示信息确定答案；二是四个选项或其中几个选项的词形或含义相近，需要考生辨析。从近几年的高考题来看，第一类考查频率较高。（1）（2021·全国乙卷）Shewas49（grateful）foreverythingthatthemedicalandnursingteamhaddoneforher.Onherdayofdischarge,wesharedinher50atherrecovery.Asshewas51(leaving)shewaseagertosay52toeachofusinthenursingteam.Whenshe53(reached)onenurse,shetriedtopressafive-poundnoteintoherhand.Mycolleague54(refused)toacceptit,sayingthatwewerealljust55(doing)ourjob.Thepatientlookedpuzzled,andthen56(replied):"Ohthisisn'tforthe57Ihad.Itakethatasa58.No,thisisforsettingmyhairyesterday."Andthereyouhaveit.Tomanypeople,59(saving)livesispartofthejobbutstylinghairisan60andshouldberewarded.50.A.surpriseB.delightC.curiosityD.disappointment52.A.sorryB.helloC.goodbyeD.yes57.A.courageB.patienceC.dutyD.care58.A.goalB.givenC.pushD.greeting60.A.honourB.abilityC.openingD.extra分析50.根据上文中的"Onherdayofdischarge"可知，病人要出院，心情应该是很不错的，所以医护人员分享的是她的快乐（delight）。curiosity好奇心，disappointment失望。52.根据常识和语境可知，病人康复要离开医院时，她要和照顾她的护士道别（saygoodbye)。57.根据上文中的"wewerealljust55（doing）ourjob"以及患者的话"Ohthisisn'tforthe57Ihad"可知，患者的钱不是为在医院得到的照顾（care）而给的。58.患者的钱并不是为在医院得到的照顾而给的，她认为在医院得到照顾是理所当然的。given在此用作名词，takesth.asagiven表示"认为某事是理所当然的"。【熟词生义】given熟义为"（give的过去分词）"，比处生义为"n.可以肯定的基本事实"。60.对许多人来说，挽救生命是医护人员应尽的职责，但是做发型是额外的关怀，应该得到回报。extra在句中用作名词，表示"额外的事物"。【熟词主义】extra熟义为"ad.额外的"，此处生义为"n.额外的事物"。答案B，C，D，B，D（2）（2021·安徽百所重点高中三模）..AccordingtoSirRichardCharliesNicholasBranson,who42(founded)famousVirginAtlantic,thefeelingthatmakesabig43isfrustration.Youcan44(spot)opportunitiesfrompersonalfrustration,"Bransonsaid.ThenheexplainedhowVirginAtlanticgotits45."Iwas28,tryingtoflytotheBritishVirginIslands,butourflightwas46(cancelled)sincethereweren'tenoughpassengers.ThatleftBransonhighly47(anxious)-hehadtogetthereontime.Therewasonlyone48-hireaplane.Hiringaplanewasn'treallyinhisprice49atthattimewhenhewasn'tsorich.Thatdidn't50(discourage)him,though.Bransonfirstfiguredoutthe51ofhiringaplane,thenhewentaroundtootherpassengersofthisflight52(constantly)withablackboardsaying"VirginIslands39".Andhe53(filled)theplane.Inthosedays,airlinesdidn't54(care)thatmuchaboutkeepingtheir55topassengers,herecalled.Bransonwas56(convinced)hecoulddobetter.Sohedecidedtobuyanairplaneandgiveita57.Weallknowtheendingofthisstory:VirginAtlantic'sbirthandits58(significant)success.43.A.dealB.hitC.differenceD.impression45.A.startB.nameC.positionD.reputation48.A.opportunityB.alternativeC.exceptionD.problem49.A.controlB.rangeC.listD.war51.A.truthB.methodC.difficultyD.cost55.A.attentionB.devotionC.attachmentD.commitment57.A.shotB.chanceC.thoughtD.purpose分析43.根据下文内容可知，Branson是因为沮丧才想到建立航空公司的，所以沮丧的情感对Branson建立VirginAtlantic航空公司有重大的影响。makeadifference为固定用法，意为“有影响”。45.此处与下文中的"Weallknowtheendingofthisstory：VirginAtlantic'sbirthandits（significant）success"相照应，此处是Branson介绍VirginAtlantic航空公司是如何起步的。start在此处用作名词，意为“开始，开端”。48.由上文内容可知，航班的取消让Branson感到非常焦虑，因为他必须按时抵达目的地。他只有一个选择一租飞机。opportunity机会；alternative可供选择的事物；exception例外。49.根据下文中的"whenhewasn'tsorich"可知，Branson当时并不富裕，所以租飞机超出了他的价格承受范围。range范围，界限。51.根据上文中的"figuredout"以及下文中的"VirginIslands$39"可知，此处表示Branson计算租飞机的费用（cost）。55.根据上文内容可知，乘客已经购买了机票，航空公司却因乘客不足而取消航班，所以此处是说航空公司并不太在意信守他们对乘客的承诺（commitment）。attention注意；devotion关爱；attachment依恋，拥护。57.此处表示Branson确信自己能做得更好，因此他决定买一架飞机试一试。答案C,A,B,B,D,D,A（3）（2021·天津3月卷）Inadditionto31（practical）skills，Pruitt'slessonsteachteamwork,encourageself-worth,andpromotefeelingsofcommunity.32(Meanwhile),thekidshavegainedasenseofaccomplishment."It'sareallygreat33forkids,saidaneighborinaninterviewwiththelocalnewspaper."Pruittiscertainlyprovidinga34(service),butit'snotjustthebikes.It'stherelationshipsinthecommunity.It'sthe35thathecanmakeonpeople.33.A.promiseB.celebrationC.comfortD.experience35.A.compromiseB.impressionC.impactD.progress分析33.根据上文中的"Pruitt'slessonsteachteamwork，encourageself-worth，andpromotefeelingsofcommunity'"可知，孩子们参加了Pruitt的课程，这是一次经历。promise承诺；celebration庆祝；comfort安慰；experience经历。35.根据上文中的"promotefeelingsofcommunity"和"therelationshipsinthecommunity"以及下文中的"hecanmakeonpeople"可知，此处为短语maketheimpacton"对…产生巨大影响"。compromise妥协；impression印象；impact影响；progress进步答案D,C近五年高考完形填空中考查过的名词主要有以下两类：具体名词：包括一切看得见摸得着的人、事、物。这类词一般需要凭借上下文中的具体信息来解题。抽象名词：包括抽象动作、思维、情感、态度等看不见摸不着的东西，常常是一些不可数名词。此类词多为派生词，常见的有以-ion、-ness、-ment等结尾的抽象名词具体名词小结accent重音；口音agenda议事日程alam警报；警报器allowance零用钱；津贴atmosphere大气；空气；气氛belongings所有物bonus红利；意外收获brand烙印；品牌catalogue目录cashier出纳员citizen公民；市民cleaner清洁工contents内容；目录companion同伴competitor竞争者，对手crowd人群；群众；一伙人colleague同事detail细节deposit存款；订金driveway私人车道extra额外的事物fence栅栏，围栏fo人们；普通百姓fee费用；酬金hobby业余爱好incident事故，事件invitation邀请；请東instructor讲师league联盟lamb小羊；羔羊肉motorway高速公路original原件，正本parcel包裹passport护照rail栏杆，扶手；铁轨receptionist接待员receipt收据，收条recipe秘诀；食谱shelter避难处site地点，位置；现场square正方形；广场title标题；称号，头衔target目标；靶子vehicle交通工具；手段抽象名词小结抽象名词小结aim目标，目的administration施行；管理，行政advance前进；进展aid援助；帮助，救援ambition野心，雄心amount数量，数额application应用；申请appointment任命apology道歉arrangement布置；安排assessment评估；评定basis基础；基准blessing祝福；赞同budget预算burden负担commitment承诺，保证；投入challenge挑战coincidence巧合combination结合comment评论；批评conclusion结尾；结论confirmation确认；证实consequence结果，后果conversation谈话，交谈convenience便利conflict冲突criterion标准，准则crisis危机culture栽培；文化curiosity好奇心custom习惯；风俗decline下降，减少defeat挫败delay延误delight高兴，快乐depression沮丧；萧条期dilemma（进退两难的）困境disbelief不信；怀疑discovery发现dishonesty不诚实expectation期望fantasy幻想faith相信，信任fortune运气；命运finance金融，财政resignation辞职；顺从function功能given假定事实grade等级；程度；成绩等级greeting问候honour荣誉impression印象instruction教导，传授limitation限制；限度meaning意义，意思mess脏乱，杂乱mission使命misfortune不幸，厄运negotiation谈判，协商origin起源；出身opposition反对，反抗privilege特权；荣幸payment支付principle原理，原则permission许可，准许presentation提交，出示qualification资格；资历recreation消遣，娱乐relief减轻；轻松recovery恢复，痊愈reproduction繁殖；复制reputation声誉，名声revenue税收收入sacrifice牺牲，舍弃separation分离；分居shame羞愧；耻辱suffering痛苦，苦难sympathy同情；支持tension紧张；矛盾threat威胁，恐吓thrill激动toughness强硬；艰难trial审讯；试验，试用intention意图，打算urge强烈的欲望urgency紧急，急迫weight重量restriction限制，约束三、高频形容词和副词形容词、副词常带有一定的感情色彩，文章语境的感情基调是高兴还是悲伤，是积极还是消极，直接决定空处所填形容词或副词的感情色彩，因此，解题时要学会判断语境中的情感态度。考生除了要掌握形容词、副词的含义外，还要体会语境，沉浸到人物的情感世界，这样才能较为准确地进行推断，提高答题准确率。解形容词类题时，一般要注重分析文章中描述人物心理或情感的词，以及描写事物特征的词。解副词类题时，若修饰动词，要揣摩动词表达的情感；若修饰形容词，要注意揣摩程度的深浅；若修饰整句话，要推敲句子间的逻辑关系。（1）（2021·天津3月卷）Formostpeople，havingthingsstolenfeelslikeanoffence.RobbiePruittadmittedthathegot16whenhediscoveredthetheftofhismountainbikelastSeptember.Butsoonenough,his17(emotions)tookaturn.Afterlettinggoofhisangerandfrustration,hefoundhimselfonaroadtosympathy18.16.A.amazedB.madC.curiousD.frightened18.A.everB.togetherC.insteadD.yet分析16.根据下文中的"lettinggoofhisanger'"可知，发现车被偷之后，RobbiePruitt很生气（mad）。amazed惊讶的；curious好奇的；frightened害怕的。18.结合上文可知，发现自己的车被偷，RobbiePruitt很生气，但很快他就放下愤怒和沮丧，反而（instead）走上了同情他人的道路。答案B,C（2）CraigFosterisadiverandwildlifefilmmaker.Oncehewasdivingin41coldwaterswhenhesawanoctopus（章鱼），anunbelievably42creaturewithmanybehaviorsunknowntoscience,hidingundershellsandstones.43hebeganfollowingherwithoutanydisturbance.Forweeksshe44keptawayfrom)him.After26daysofclosewatching,45,theoctopusrealizedCraigwasnotadanger,buta(n)46(friend).She47(reachedout)andallowedCraigintoherlife.BothCraigandtheoctopusenjoyedamutuallearningandexploration.41.A.bitterlyB.slightlyC.closelyD.barely42.A.shyB.confidentC.outgoingD.ambitious43.A.FrightenedB.TouchedC.EmbarrassedD.Overjoyed45.A.otherwiseB.furthermoreC.howeverD.therefore分析41.此处表示Craig在非常寒冷的水中潜水时看到了一只章鱼。bitterlycold为固定用法，表示“非常寒冷的”。slightly稍微；closely仔细地；barely仅仅，几乎不。42.根据下文中的"hidingundershellsandstones"可知，章鱼天性害羞。confident自信的；outgoing外向的；ambitious有雄心的。43.根据上文中的"withmanybehaviorsunknowntoscience"可知，章鱼的很多行为不为人所知，所以Craig因为能近距离观察章鱼而欣喜若狂（Overjoyed）。frightened害怕的；touched受感动的；embarrassed尴尬的。45.根据上文中的"Forweeksshe44（keptawayfrom）him"可知，章鱼有好几周的时间都远离他。但是经过26天的密切观察后，章鱼意识到Crig并不是一个危险的人，而是一个朋友。上下文之间是转折关系，故用however。答案A，A，D，C近五年高考完形填空中考查过的重点形容词和副词总结如下：积极的、正面的形容词小结abundant丰富的，充裕的amazed惊讶的amused被逗乐的accomplished技艺高超的，熟练的beneficial有利的，有用的cautious谨慎的concerned关心的convenient便利的，方便的convinced确信的crucial至关重要的curious好奇的daring勇敢的，敢于冒险的desirable想望的，可取的enthusiastic热心的，热情的extraordinary非凡的；特别的fantastic极好的fresh新鲜的；清新的formal正式的；正规的generous慷慨的ideal理想的，完美的influential有很大影响的inspiring激励的，鼓舞人心的intelligent聪明的；智能的innocent清白的，无辜的modest谦虚的；庄重的modern现代的；时髦的meaningful意味深长的；有意义的selfless无私的precious珍奇的，珍稀的reasonable合理的；公道的rare稀罕的，珍贵的rewarding报酬高的；有益的，值得做的reliable可靠的；可信赖的serious严肃的；重要的sharp灵敏的significant重要的；重大的smart时髦的；聪明的；敏捷的willing愿意的；乐于相助的tolerant宽容的，容忍的touched受感动的steady稳定的；稳固的；沉稳的unhurt没有受伤的unique独特的；独一无二的消极的、负面的形容词小结allergic过敏的；反感的annoyed恼怒的ashamed惭愧的；感到羞耻的awful很坏的，极讨厌的awkward令人尴尬的；笨拙的blind盲目的catastrophic灾难性的complicated难懂的，复杂的confusing令人困惑的doubtful靠不住的；不太可能的；怀疑的demanding苛求的；费力的short缺少的embarrassing为难的；令人尴尬的expensive昂贵的dull阴沉的；无聊的；迟钝的false错误的；假的frightened害怕的illegal非法的，不合法的missing失踪的painful痛苦的；疼痛的ridiculous荒谬的，荒唐的risky有危险的，冒险的skeptical怀疑的stressful紧张的，压力重的stubborn顽固的，执拗的suspicious可疑的；怀疑的tough棘手的，艰苦的unappealing不好看的，无吸引力的upset难过，不高兴，失望，沮丧wild荒芜的；放荡的；缺乏管教的mad生气的其他形容词小结adequate足够的accessible可得到的，可接近的，可进入的artificial人造的assured确定的，必将发生的behavioral行为方面的extreme极度的biological生物的；生物学的blank空白的；空的；茫然的commercial商业的concrete具体的；实在的；混凝土制的equal相等的；平等的occasional偶然的；临时的constant不变的；不断的extra额外的financial财政的flat平坦的；扁平的longing渴望的loose琉松的；宽松的official正式的，官方的；公务的permanent永久的，长久的particular专指的；特别的preventable可避免的，可预防的practical可行的；实际的specific明确的；特定的shared分享的social社会的technical技术的temporary暂时的transparent透明的；显而易见的typical特有的；典型的，有代表性的unexpected出乎意料的表程度、行为方式的副词小结apparently看来，显然cautiously小心地，谨慎地casually随便地；漫不经心地cheerfully高高兴兴地clumsily笨拙地constantly重复不断地continually不断地；频繁地deliberately故意地entirely完全地，全部地ever曾经frankly老实说；坦率地frequently频繁地；经常gradually逐渐地gracefully优美地；得体地honestly诚实地individually分别地，单独地indirectly间接地instantly立即limitlessly无限制地meanwhile同时normally通常；正常地obviously显然，明显地occasionally偶尔purposefully有目的地precisely精确地randomly随机地regularly有规律地；经常secretly秘密地simply简单地；仅仅skillfully巧妙地；技术好地slightly轻微地somehow不知怎么地；以某种方式specifically专门地；明确地together一起truly真实地surprisingly惊人地，意外地temporarily暂时地，临时地表逻辑关系的副词小结anyway即使这样；无论如何consequently因此，所以eventually最后，终于instead代替，反而initially最初otherwise否则yet但是，然而however然而四、高频介词及介词短语介词在英语中应用比较灵活，是考生最容易失分的语法项目之一。高考对介词的考查已不再局限于单个介词，而更加注重对介词短语的考查。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等构成的介词短语的意思和用法。（1）（2021·天津3月卷）Withthatthoughtinmind，Pruitt22（cameupwith）aplanandposteditonthecommunitywebsite.He23(offered)tofixbikesfreeofchargeforanyonewhoneededit.Healsoaskedforunwantedbikes,whichhewouldrepair-again24.Andthenhewoulddonatethemtofolkswhocouldtrulyusethembutdidn'thavethe25(budget)tobuyone.Pruitttriestogivehisdonationstofamiliesthatare29(truly)struggling.30simplysatisfyingamaterialneed,hehasprovidedanopportunityforkidsinhisneighborhoodtolearnhowtofixtheirownbikes.24.A.byaccidentB.inadvanceC.forfreeD.oncredit30.A.WithoutB.BeyondC.UponD.Among分析24.根据上文中的"fixbikesfreeofcharge"及空前的"again'"可知，此处表示再一次免费。byaccident偶然；inadvance提前；forfree免费；oncredit赊账。30.根据空后的"hehasprovidedanopportunityforkidsinhisneighborhoodtolearnhowtofixtheirownbikes"可知，他为他所在街区的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会，这是物质需求以外的东西。介词beyond表示"除…之外，超出"。答案C，B（2）Alocalfarmertoldthemthedogsoundedlikethelostone50(advertised)inthelocalpaper.Theadhada51(phone)number.Ehlers52(called)thenumberofJeffandLisatotellthemhehad53(found)theirdog.Jeffhad54(hunted)inlowabeforeNewYearwithhisdog,Rosie,butthegunshotshadscaredthedogoff.Jeffsearched55forRosieinthenextfourdays.55.A.onpurposeB.ontimeC.inturnD.invain分析：根据上文可知，Jeff带着狗打猎时，狗被枪声吓跑了；再根据上文中的”thedogsoundedlikethelostone50（advertised）inthelocalpaper"可推知，Jeff他没有找到他的狗。invain"徒劳地"符合语境。onpurpose故意地；ontime准时；inturn依次，轮流。答案D（3）Wilsonfirstworkedasadriverthroughastudent-supportprogrammeofthenon-profitorganization,OnPointforCollege.Althoughthe22(programme)asksthemembersonlytodrivestudentstoandfromtheirclasses,Wilsonoftengoes23toensurethewelfareandsafetyofthestudents.Iftheyhaveproblemswithregistration,Wilsonisthereto24(assist)them.Iftheyrunoutofcertaindailynecessities,Wilsonwilldrivetotheneareststoreandpurchasewhat'sneeded.Ifastudentgetshungryonthelongdrivestoandfromschool,Wilsonnever25(hesitates)tobuythemameal.23.A.farB.aroundC.beyondD.forwards分析：根据下文内容可知，Wilsor所做的事情（帮助有困难的学生，为学生购买生活必需品和食物）超出了该项目的要求。gobeyond"超出"。答案C近五年高考完形填空中考查过的介词和介词短语总结如下：不单独作成分的介词和介词短语小结against反对，违反；倚；衬托along沿着，顺着beyond超出，除…之外；超出…之外besides除…之外（还）bycomparisonwith与…相比较for为了；因为；代表；关于；给over在…上方；到处；从一边到另一边within在…之内；在…里through穿过；凭借；一直到inadditionto除…之外（还）insteadof代替，作为…的替换insearchof寻找inneedof需要inplaceof代替，顶替insupportof支持regardlessof不管，不顾单独作成分的介词短语小结abovethelaw凌驾于法律之上afterall毕竟，终归asusual像往常一样，照例atlast终于，最终behindth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