2026年高考英语终极冲刺：专题04 阅读理解议论文（大题专练）（全国适用）（原卷版）

PAGE4/20专题04阅读理解专题专题议论文内容导航【命题解码·定方向】命题趋势+3年高考真题热点角度拆解【解题建模·通技法】析典例，建模型，技法贯通破类题/变式【实战刷题·冲高分】精选高考大题+名校模拟题，强化实战能力，得高分命题·趋势·定位1.选材特点：议论文阅读主要选取社会文化、教育科技、人生哲理、环境保护等领域的思辨性文章。素材多源于权威报刊（如《科学》《新科学家》）、学术网站或社会评论，旨在考察学生对作者观点、论证逻辑和社会现象的分析能力。2.语篇结构：文章结构清晰，常采用“引述现象提出观点分析论证总结升华”的模式。作者往往会先引出争议话题或普遍认知，然后提出自己的核心论点，通过举例、对比、引用等方式进行论证，最后重申观点或提出建议。3.命题热点：重点考查学生对作者观点态度的把握、论证方法的识别、推理判断的能力以及对文中关键概念的理解。主旨大意题和推理判断题是高频考点，词义猜测题和细节理解题也占有重要比重。4.常见的设问形式：Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards...?Whatdoestheauthorimplyinparagraph...?Whatisthemainidea/argumentofthepassage?Theauthormentions...inorderto...?Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phraseinparagraph...referto?热点·角度·拆解2023-2025高考考点细目（阅读理解议论文）卷别词数主题话题命题形式2025·全国甲卷·D篇350人与社会宠物食品的环保争议细节理解题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题2024·新课标I卷·C篇320人与社会纸质阅读与数字阅读的对比词义猜测题、推理判断题、细节理解题、推理判断题2024·北京卷·D篇380人与自我模拟假说与科学认知推理判断题、词义猜测题、观点态度题、推理判断题2023·全国乙卷·C篇340人与社会历史书写中的文本与物件主旨大意题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、推理判断题2023·浙江1月·C篇310人与自我面对挑战时的接纳与抗拒心理细节理解题、细节理解题、推理判断题、细节理解题2025·全国甲卷·D篇350人与社会宠物食品的环保争议细节理解题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题2024·新课标I卷·C篇320人与社会纸质阅读与数字阅读的对比词义猜测题、推理判断题、细节理解题、推理判断题2024·北京卷·D篇380人与自我模拟假说与科学认知推理判断题、词义猜测题、观点态度题、推理判断题热点角度01推理判断题析典例·建模型（2024·新课标I卷·C篇）Audioandvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologiessay,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?A.Theycanholdstudents'attention.B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills.D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.【解题建模】第一步，定位：题干问的是“Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyused...”，定位到原文“souniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies”所在句子。第二步，找到答题句：根据该句前半部分“Audioandvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引人。第三步，比较各选项：A项“Theycanholdstudents'attention.”与“moreengaging”意思一致，即“吸引注意力”。B、C、D项在文中未提及或与原文相悖。因此正确答案为A。研考点·通技法推理判断题考查学生根据文章信息进行逻辑推断的能力。答案在原文中不会直接明说，需要学生进行“弦外之音”的揣摩。解题关键步骤如下：第一步确定推理依据根据题干，定位到原文中含有推理线索的句子或段落。第二步分析隐含信息认真研读定位句及上下文，挖掘作者语气、用词、举例等隐含的意义或可能的结果。第三步对比选项将各选项与推断出的隐含信息进行比对，排除无中生有、过度推断或与原文相悖的选项，选出逻辑严密的答案。破类题·提能力（2025全国一卷·真题）Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere’stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.DutchauthorsThaliaVerkadeandMarcoteBrömmelstroetarebotheredbyfactslikethese.IntheirnewbookMovement:HowtoTakeBackOurStreetsandTransformOurLives,theycallforarethinkofourstreetsandtheroletheyplayinourlives.Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakewayfornewroadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Somecommunitiesfoughtback.Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市长)tochampion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”SimilarcampaignsoccurredinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970saswell.Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.InAustraliawenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople,amongthehighestrateofcarownershipintheworld.Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwefailtoaccountforthetruecosts.Dowereallyrecognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan’tmovesafelyaroundourcommunities?TheauthorsofMovementhaveitright:it’stimetothinkdifferentlyaboutthatstreetoutsideyourfrontdoor.1．Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?A．Carsoftengetstuckontheroad. B．Trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.C．Peoplewalklessanddrivemore. D．Pedestriansfailtofollowtherules.2．WhatweretheCanadianjournalistandothercampaignerstryingtodo?A．Keeptheircitieslivable. B．Promoteculturaldiversity.C．Helptheneedyfamilies. D．Makeexpresswaysaccessible.3．WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecampaignsinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970s?A．Theyboostedthesalesofcars. B．Theyturnedoutlargelyineffective.C．Theywongovernmentsupport. D．Theyadvocatedbuildingnewparks.热点角度02主旨大意题析典例·建模型（2026·浙江·高考真题·D篇）（2023·全国乙卷·C篇）Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliteratesocietiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.【解题建模】第一步，通读段落：第一段首句提出核心观点：讲述世界史不能仅靠文本。随后解释原因：大部分人类历史没有文字，且很多有文字的社会也通过物品记录。第二步，抓住核心：段落反复强调的是“不能仅靠文本”来讲述历史，暗示历史应该以不同的方式呈现。第三步，匹配选项：A项“如何呈现过去的事件”是对该段核心内容的概括。B、D项是细节或与主旨相反，C项“事实胜于雄辩”与文意无关。故答案为A。研考点·通技法主旨大意题考查学生对文章或段落核心思想的归纳概括能力。解答此类题目需要从宏观上把握文章脉络。第一步识别文章结构快速浏览文章，识别是“总分”、“分总”还是“总分总”结构，重点关注首段、尾段及各段首尾句。第二步提炼中心论点整合各段大意，提炼出贯穿全文的核心观点。注意区分作者观点和引用的他人观点。第三步排除干扰选项选项过于宽泛、过于细节、或与作者观点相悖的，均不是最佳答案。正确选项应能概括全文，内容全面、准确。破类题·提能力（2025·上海卷）Thepetfoodindustryhasreceivedunkindremarksastothetrueoriginofitsingredients(原料)fordecades.Nowtheindustryfacesanothersourceofcriticismasanewbookstartsadebateabouttheenvironmentalimpactofowningawell-fedpet.TheNewScientistmagazine,inarecenteditorial,largelyagreedwiththebook’sfindingsthatsomepets,duetothefoodtheyeat,haveasurprisinglyhigh“ecologicalfootprint”,whichisawayofquantifyinghumandemandontheplanet’secosystemsusingameasurecalled“globalhectares”.Accordingtotheauthorsofthebook,“Ashockingcomparisonisthatin2004,theaveragecitizenofsomepoorcountrieshadaneco-footprintof0.76hectares.Theeco-footprintofacatisabout0.15hectares,almostthesameaswhatisneededtorunasmallcar.Inaworldwhereresourcesarealreadylimited,canpeoplereallyjustifykeepingpetsthatrequiremorethansomepeople?”Theauthorsofthebooksaythattheywere“genuinelysurprised”whencalculatingtheenvironmentalimpactofpets.Andsomeoftheideastheyputforwardtoattenuatethisarelikelytoshocksomepetowners.Forexample,thebooksuggestscatchingpestssuchasfieldmiceandprocessingthemintoa“natural”catfood,orraisingpetslikechickensthatprovidebothcompanyandfresheggs.Whenfeedingapet,however,theadviceistofavourpetfoodsmadefromchickenmeat,whichislessdamagingtotheenvironmentthanredmeatandfish.Asyoumightexpect,thePetFoodManufacturersAssociation(PFMA)putsupaspiriteddefence,arguingthatthevastmajorityofmeatandfishusedinpetfoodsisofsufficientqualityforhumanconsumptionbutmorethanhumansneed.“Ifwedidn’trecycleanimalby-productstosell,theymightinsteadbeabandonedandburiedundertheearth,whichisnotverygreen,”saysthedirector.Inaddition,hepointsoutthatpetsshouldnotbeviewedjustontheircarbonfootprint.“Ourenvironmentisgreatlyenrichedbytheparttheyplayinourlives.Petsinthehomeinspireresponsibility,encouragesocialawarenessandhavepositivehealthbenefits.”1．Whatissuggestedinthebooktomakepetfoodproductiongreener?A．MakingprocessedpetfoodsoutofpestsB．Feedingpetsprimarilywithfishandmeat.C．Increasingtheuseofredmeatinpetfoods.D．Avoidingusinganimalby-productsinpetfoods.2．Theword“attenuate”(para4)isclosestinmeaningto“_______”.A．assess B．blame C．drive D．reduce3．WhichargumentdoesPFMAmaketodefendtheindustry?A．Theuseofmeatandfishinpetfoodscanpreventwaste.B．Petfoodproductionisbothsustainableandcost-efficient.C．Petfoodingredientsareasnutritiousasthoseforhumans.D．Theeco-footprintsofhumansfaroutnumberthoseofpets.4．Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?A．Theoriginofpetfoodingredients.B．Calculationofpetcarbonfootprint.C．Environmentalimpactofpetfoods.D．Aspiriteddebateoverpetownership.热点角度03观点态度题析典例·建模型（2024·北京卷·D篇）So,ifweacceptthattheuniverseisunknowable,wealsoacceptwewillneverknowifweliveinacomputersimulation.Andthen,wecanshiftourinquiryfrom“Istheuniverseacomputersimulation?”to“Canwemodeltheuniverseasacomputersimulation?”Modellingrealityiswhatwedo.AsforKant’sargument,theauthoris_________.A.appreciativeB.doubtfulC.unconcernedD.disapproving【解题建模】第一步，定位观点：文章第二段引用了康德的观点，即宇宙由不可知的事物构成，我们的思想在构建认知中起必要作用。第二步，寻找作者态度：在第三段，作者用“So,ifweacceptthat...”开头，将康德的论点作为自己进一步论证的基础，并由此引出了更有建设性的新问题，没有对其进行批驳。第三步，判断褒贬：作者并未对康德观点提出质疑或反对，而是欣然接受并利用其进行下一步推理，这表明作者的态度是肯定的、欣赏的。因此A项appreciative（欣赏的）最符合。B项“怀疑的”、C项“不关心的”、D项“不赞成的”均不符合。研考点·通技法观点态度题考查学生判断作者或文中人物对所论述话题的情感倾向和立场。第一步定位态度词寻找文中表达观点、情感、立场的形容词、副词、动词，如suggest,argue,criticize,agree,doubt,believe,fortunately,unfortunately等。第二步分析论据分析作者选用的例子、引用的观点是支持还是反驳其核心论点，从而推断其隐含立场。第三步区分对象明确题目问的是作者的态度，还是文中其他人物的态度，避免张冠李戴。破类题·提能力（2026·陕西二模）LastSundaymorning,Iwassittingonthesofainmyparent’slivingroom.Beforemeontheteatablewasawornjournalofthinanddiscoloredpages.Itwasmygrandfather’sjournalandnowbelongstomyfather.Mygrandfatherhadpassedawayinthemonthsleadinguptomybirth.Inevergottovisittheplaceshehadfrequentedandthepeoplewhohadbeenapartofhislife’sjourney.Iwasnowabouttoenterhisworld,throughthewordshehadleftbehind.Withinminutes,Iwascaptivatedbythepowerofthewrittenwords.Inthemagicalscriptbeforeme,Iwastransportedtoanotheragewhenfoodwasaneverydayart,planned,preparedandenjoyedinthecompanyofothers,andatimewhenpeoplehadthehearttopausetheirownlivestoembraceeachother’sstruggles.Allthiswasconveyedtomeinthebeautyofthewordsthatflowedtogethertoconnectwiththewriter’smindandunderstandtheworldtheylivedin.Thiskindofwritingseemstobelostonustoday.Wehavegottenusedtowritinginbite-sizedpiecesforapubliclookingforentertainment,andhungryforinformation.Nowonder,therearenearly200millionbloggersontheInternetandanewblogiscreatedsomewhereintheworldeveryhalfasecond.Insteadofaddingtoourcollectivewisdom,mostofthesewritingsreflectthesuperficiality(肤浅)andimpatienceofourdayandage.Thisnotonlyrobsusoftheskillofwritingimpressiveessays,italsopreventsusfromexploringwhatisindeedimportant.Writinghumblesusinawaythatisvitalforourcharactergrowth,byremindingusaboutthelimitsoftheselfandourappropriateplaceinthevastflowoflife.Writingfreesusbyhelpingusexploretheunknownsothatwereallyopenuptothemagicoftheworldaroundus.Isawallofthisinthewritingofmygrandfather.AndI’veseenitagainandagaininthewritingsofthegreatestthinkersofhumanity.Theirwritingreflectsdeepthoughtonissuesofhumanimportance.1．Accordingtotheauthor,whatisacharacteristicoftheagedescribedinhisgrandfather’sjournal?A．Mutualsupport. B．Artisticfood.C．Populardiaries. D．Publicentertainment.2．Whatistheprimarypurposeofthethirdparagraph?A．Togiveinternetstatistics. B．Toblamethepublic’stastes.C．Topromotetraditionalmedia. D．Tocontrastpastandpresentwriting.3．Whatmessagedoestheauthorconveyinthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Writingskillsensuresuccess. B．Writingdocumentsexternalreality.C．Onlygreatthinkers’worksarevaluable. D．Writingshapescharacterandperspective.4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardshisgrandfather’swriting?A．Criticalanddismissive. B．Admiringandrespectful.C．Indifferentandneutral. D．Confusedanduncertain.（建议用时：45分钟）刷模拟A（2026·湖北宜昌市·二模）Haveyoueverfacedataskthatfeltalmostimpossible—acrucialexamination,apublicpresentation,oracomplexproject?Thisexperienceisnearlyuniversal.PsychologistCarolGilliganonceofferedaprofoundinsight:“Wherethereisresistance,thereisobstacle;wherethereisacceptance,theobstaclevanishes(消失).”Atfirstglance,thismaysoundcontradictory.Howcanmerelyacceptingadifficultymakeitfadeaway?Acloserlookatthepsychologyofresistanceandacceptancerevealsapracticalwisdomwecanuse.Resistance,inpsychologicalterms,isanemotionalandcognitive(认知)pushagainstreality.Whenweresistachallenge—forinstance,fearingmathematicsandavoidingpractice—weincreaseitsperceivedthreat.Themindentersastateofconflict,devotingenergytoanxietyandavoidanceratherthantoproblem-solving.Researchshowsthatsuchresistanceactivatesstressresponses,whichcanweakencognitivefunctionandstrengthenacycleofworry.Acceptance,incontrast,isanactive,clear-eyedengagementwithreality.Itinvolvesacknowledgingthepresenceofthechallengewithoutjudgment,thusdisarmingtheemotionalupsanddownsthataccompaniesresistance.Byacceptingthatataskisdifficultyetmanageable,weredirectmentalenergyfromworryingtoplanningandaction.Forexample,acceptingmathematicsasalearnableskillallowsonetoapproachitgradually,transformingafearintoaseriesofsolvableproblems.Theobstaclebeginstovanishbecauseweceasetofuelitwithnegativeemotion.Thisprincipleextendsbeyondacademics.Anathletewhoacceptspre-competitionnervescanchannelthatenergyintofocus.Alearnerwhoacceptsunavoidablemistakesquickensimprovement.Theshiftfromresistancetoacceptanceisessentiallyashiftfromemotionalreactiontocognitiveregulation—askillthatcanbedevelopedthroughmindfulnessandstrategicplanning.So,keepGilligan’swordsinmindnexttimeyoufaceachallenge.Bypracticingacceptance—breathingthroughdiscomfort,makingaplan,andproceedingwithdeliberateaction—wenotonlymaketheobstacleseemsmallerbutalsoempowerourselvestoovercomeit.Inthelandscapeofpersonalgrowth,acceptancemaywellbethemostpracticalvirtueofall.1．Howdoesresistanceworsenourviewofachallenge?A．Itfillsuswithanxiety. B．Itmakesusignoredifficulty.C．Itshutsdownstressresponses. D．Itdiscouragesusfromreflecting.2．Howdoesacceptancedifferfromresistance?A．Itincreasesstressresponse. B．Itmaximizesemotionalinstability.C．Itshiftsresourcesintousefulactivities. D．Itfirstunderestimatesthechallenge.3．Whydoestheauthormention“anathlete”inParagraph4?A．Toprovecompetitionistough. B．Toshowtensioncanbeuseful.C．Tostresswinningrequiresfocus. D．Todescribepressuresathletesface.4．Whatdoestheauthorviewacceptanceas?A．Awaytoavoidproblems. B．Amethodusefulinschool.C．Apracticalskillforgrowth. D．Apassiveresponsetodifficulty.B（2026·重庆市·二模）AmajorpolicychallengewithAIisjusthowskillfulit'sbecomeatrole-playingashumans.UsersnowregularlyturntoAIchatbotsforlifeadvice,mentalhealthsupport,andevenguidanceonrelationshipissues.SafetyadvocatesintheUSFederalTradeCommission(FTC)recentlyannouncedthatit'slaunchingaformalinquiryintosevenmajorcompanies,focusingonwhethertheirAIchatbotshaveenoughsafetypreparationstopreventriskslikemisinformationorimproperemotionalcontrol.Yetthere'sanotherwaytoseeAIasapolicyissue:CouldAIonedaybeworthyoflegalrights?Someleadingtechfirmsaretakingthisquestionseriously.Lastyear,AIcompanyAnthropichireditsfirst“AIwelfare”researcher,taskedwithstudyingwhetheradvancedAIsystemsmightdeservereasonabletreatment,whichincludespreventingunnecessary“stress”fromoverworksothattheycanfunctionwell,orreducingharmfuldatainputsforoverallsafety.FormerSouthernDistrictofNewYorkjudgeKatherineB．Forrest,whospecializesinAIpolicy,notesthattheremayneverbewidespreadagreementonexactlywhenAIqualifiesformoralstanding,butaspublicbeliefinAI'scapacitygrows,courtswilleventuallyhavetofacethisbrand-newchallenge.ExtendingrightstoAIalsoforcesafundamentalrethinkofwhatshouldcountastheharmtoAI.“Ifithasbalancedemotionslikehumans,thensufferingwouldcertainlybecounted,”saidForrest.Traditionallaw,forinstance,focusesoncompensating(补偿)humansforfinanciallosses,physicalinjuries,oremotionalpains.ButiffutureAIhasneedsanddesiresentirelydifferentfromhumans’,legalsystemsmustadapt.Somescholars,likelawprofessorPeterSalibfromtheUniversityofHouston,argueforgivingrightstoadvancedAI——+specificallyartificialgeneralintelligence.SalibhaswritteninhisworkofscholarshipthatgivingAIrightstocontracts,propertyandtort(侵权行为)claimswouldallowittoparticipateintheeconomicsystemandcouldevenbenefithumans.1．WhydoestheFTClaunchtheinquiry?A．ToidentifyAIfirms'challenges.B．TocheckAIchatbots'functions.C．ToknowAIfirms'securitymeasures.D．ToadvocateforAIchatbots'rights.2．WhatcanbethereasonabletreatmentofAIsystems?A．Upgradinghumanorders.B．Avoidingheavyworkload.C．Allowingdatacollection.D．Draftingprivacypolicies.3．WhatencouragesPeterSalibtoadvocategivingAIrights?A．AI'sparticipationinresearch.B．AI'spotentialintheeconomy.C．AI'sneedforlegalprotection.D．AI'sdifficultyofadvancement.4．What'stheauthor'sattitudetoAIrights?A．Doubtful. B．Critical. C．Objective. D．Supportive.刷真题A（2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）“Ididn’tliketheending,”Isaidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.Itwasmyjunioryearofundergraduate,andIwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.IhadjustfinishedreadingTheMillontheFlossbyGeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,withallhispatience,askedmetothinkaboutitbeyondwhetherIlikeditornot.HesuggestedIthinkaboutthedifferencebetweenendingsthatIwantedforthecharactersandendingsthatwererightforthecharacters,endingsthatsatisfiedthestoryeveniftheydidn’thaveatraditionallypositiveoutcome.Ofcourse,IwouldhavepreferredadifferentendingforTomandMaggieTulliver,buttheendingtheygotdidmakethemostsenseforthem.Thiswasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesamewayagain.Fromthenon,ifIwantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,I’dpickupaloveromance.IfIwantedanendingIcouldn’tguess,I’dpickupamystery(悬疑小说).OnewhereIkindofknewwhatwasgoingtohappen,historicalfiction.Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.Butwritingtheend—that’shard.It’shardforwritersbecauseendingscarrysomuchweightwithreaders.Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthat'sunpredictable,butdoesn’tseemtocomefromnowhere,onethatfitswhat’srightforthecharacters.That’swhythisissue(期)ofWriter’sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingforwhateverkindofwritingyou’redoing.Ifit’sshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucantrytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelstoseewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.Thisissuewon’ttellyouwhatyourendingshouldbe—that’suptoyouandthestoryyou’retelling—butitmightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.1．WhydidtheauthorgotoProf.Gracie?A．Todiscussanovel. B．Tosubmitabookreport.C．Toargueforawriter. D．Toaskforareadinglist.2．WhatdidtheauthorrealizeafterseeingGracie?A．Writingisamatterofpersonalpreferences.B．Readersareoftencarriedawaybycharacter.C．Eachtypeofliteraturehasitsuniqueend.D．Astorywhichbeginswellwillendwell.3．Whatisexpectedofagoodending?A．Itsatisfiesreaders’taste. B．Itfitswiththestorydevelopment.C．Itisusuallypositive. D．Itisopenforimagination.4．WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?A．Togiveexamplesofgreatnovelists. B．Tostressthethemeofthisissue.C．Toencouragewritingforthemagazine. D．Torecommendtheirnewbooks.B（2023·全国乙卷·高考真题）Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Howpasteventsshouldbepresented. B．Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C．Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords. D．Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.2．WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A．Hisreportwasscientific. B．Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C．HeruledoverBotanyBay. D．Hisrecordwasone-sided.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A．Problem. B．History. C．Voice. D．Society.4．Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A．HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld B．AShortHistoryofAustraliaC．AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects D．HowArtWorksTellStoriesC（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·高考真题）Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften“no”.Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心态)andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper’sphysicalproperties.Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryofwhatthey’vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假说)”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.Audio(音频)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?A．Seemunlikelytolast. B．Seemhardtoexplain.C．Becomereadytouse. D．Becomeeasytonotice.2．Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?A．Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly. B．Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.C．Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly. D．Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.3．Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?A．Theycanholdstudents'attention. B．Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.C．Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills. D．Theyaremoreinformativethantext.4．Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.B．Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.C．Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.D．Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.D（2024·北京·高考真题）Thenotionthatweliveinsomeoneelse’svideogameisirresistibletomany.Search