北京市房山区高三下学期一模英语试题

房山区2025年高三年级第一次综合练习英语本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Itwashot.AnditwasSaturday!“I___1___pullingweeds!”Ithought.Still,Imadesuretopulleveryannoyingweed.Mydadcould___2___asingleweedamileaway.Andifhespottedevenone,I’dbestuckworkingallday.“Dad,I’mdone,”Ishoutedfromthegarden,feelingsurethatIhaddoneagoodjob.ButthenDad___3___outofthehouse.“Don’tshout!”hesaid,wavinganangryfinger,“youmissedaspot.”Isighedandwentbacktowork.Atterawhile,IlookedbackatDad.Hestillworethatmadlookonhisface,hiseyessearchingthegardenasifhecouldfindeverytinyimperfection.“Okay,”hesaid,___4___,“Iguessyou’redone.”AsDadwalkedbacktothehouse,Iwonderedifhelikedme.Twoweekslater,onthemorningofanotherweedpickingweekend,Iwokeupfeverish.“Let’sgo,”Dadsaid,___5___mefromthebed.“Youneedtoseeadoctor.”“Please,no,”Isaidina___6___voice,“I’dratherpullweeds.”Hetookmeanyway,andthedoctorsaidIhadpneumonia(肺炎).Thatnighta(n)___7___wokemefrommysleep.Isawmydadwhocameuptomeandputhishandagainstmy___8___.Then,Isawhim___9___somethingonmytable.Whenheleft,Ifoundanecklacewithacharmshapedlikeasmalldog,justlikemyfavoritepet.Iheldittomyheartandcried.Mydad,whoneverhuggedmeorsaid,“I___10___you”,hadjustsaiditall.1.A.prefer B.tolerate C.avoid D.hate2.A.see B.mark C.remove D.ignore3.A.bounded B.struggled C.slipped D.stormed4.A.turningaway B.breakingdown C.noddingoff D.rushingforward5.A.waking B.lifting C.shaking D.rescuing6A.confident B.strange C.cheerful D.weak7.A.scream B.noise C.alarm D.whisper8.A.arm B.shoulder C.forehead D.wrist9.A.lay B.throw C.write D.adjust10.A.respect B.trust C.love D.miss【答案】1.D2.A3.D4.A5.B6.D7.B8.C9.A10.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的父亲让作者拔草，而作者讨厌这一活动，父亲的态度让作者怀疑父亲对自己的爱。直到作者生病，父亲送了一条项链，表达自己的爱。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我讨厌拔草！”我想。A.prefer偏爱；B.tolerate忍受；C.avoid避免；D.hate讨厌。根据后文“Still,Imadesuretopulleveryannoyingweed.(尽管如此，我还是把所有烦人的草都拔掉了)”可知，作者讨厌拔草。故选D。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我爸一英里外就能看到一株杂草。A.see看见；B.mark标记；C.remove去除；D.ignore忽视。根据后文“asingleweedamileaway”指父亲很远就能看见杂草。故选A。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后爸爸就怒气冲冲地走出了房子。A.bounded跳跃；B.struggled努力；C.slipped滑动；D.stormed猛烈攻击，怒气冲冲地走出。根据后文““Don’tshout!”hesaid,wavinganangryfinger,“youmissedaspot.”(“别喊！”他生气地挥舞着手指说，“你漏了一个地方。”)”可知，指父亲怒气冲冲地走出了房子。故选D。4题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：“好吧，”他说着转过身去“我想你做完了。”A.turningaway转移；B.breakingdown出故障；C.noddingoff打瞌睡；D.rushingforward向前冲。根据后文“AsDadwalkedbacktothehouse,Iwonderedifhelikedme.(当爸爸走回家的时候，我怀疑他是否喜欢我)”指父亲检查完作者的工作，转身回家。故选A。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们走吧，”爸爸说着，把我从床上抱起来。A.waking散步；B.lifting举起；C.shaking摇晃；D.rescuing救援。根据后文“mefromthebed”指把作者从床上抱起来，故选B。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“请不要，”我用微弱的声音说，“我宁愿拔草。”A.confident自信的；B.strange奇怪的；C.cheerful欢呼的；D.weak虚弱的。根据上文“Twoweekslater,onthemorningofanotherweedpickingweekend,Iwokeupfeverish.(两周后，在另一个采摘杂草的周末早晨，我醒来时发烧了)”指作者因为发烧而虚弱。故选D。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，一阵嘈杂声把我从睡梦中吵醒。A.scream尖叫；B.noise噪音；C.alarm警报；D.whisper低语。根据后文“wokemefrommysleep”指噪音吵醒了作者。故选B。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看见我爸爸，他走到我跟前，把手放在我的额头上。A.arm胳膊；B.shoulder肩膀；C.forehead前额；D.wrist手腕。根据上文“Iwokeupfeverish.”提到作者发烧，推测父亲手放在作者额头上查看作者体温。故选C。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，我看见他把什么东西放在我的桌子上。A.lay安放；B.throw扔；C.write写；D.adjust调整。根据后文“Whenheleft,Ifoundanecklacewithacharmshapedlikeasmalldog,justlikemyfavoritepet.Iheldittomyheartandcried.(当他离开时，我发现了一条项链，项链上的符咒形状像一只小狗，就像我最喜欢的宠物一样。我把它抱在胸前哭了起来)”可知，父亲放下了一条项链。故选A。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的父亲从来没有拥抱过我，也没有说过“我爱你”，但他刚刚把一切都说了出来。A.respect尊重；B.trust信任；C.love爱；D.miss错过。根据上文“AsDadwalkedbacktothehouse,Iwonderedifhelikedme.(当爸爸走回家的时候，我怀疑他是否喜欢我)”以及父亲送作者项链，可知父亲用行动表明了自己对作者的爱。故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。LiYikunstartedasakitchenassistantandlater___11___(bee)afooddeliveryman.While___12___(work),hepursuedacollegedegree.Curiousaboutmechanicaldevices,hehopedtofindajobrelatedtomechanicaloperation.Whenanemerceplatformhireddronepilots,Lidecidedtogiveitashot.Helandedhisdreamjob,___13___hasincreasedhisineandinterestindrones.Bynow,he___14___(obtain)adroneinstructorcertificate.【答案】11.became12.working13.which14.hasobtained【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了李毅坤对机械装置很好奇，最后成为无人机教练的经历。【11题详解】考查时态。句意：李毅坤最初是一名厨房助理，后来成为一名送餐员。根据上文谓语started可知，并列谓语动词bee为一般过去时。故填became。【12题详解】考查状语从句省略句。句意：在工作期间，他攻读了大学学位。此处是while引导时间状语从句省略句，从句主语he和从句谓语动词work是主动关系，正在进行的动作，谓语动词work用bedoing形式，状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句谓语中包含be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词，用现在分词working。故填working。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意：他找到了自己梦寐以求的工作，这份工作增加了他的收入，也增加了他对无人机的兴趣。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词job，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词在从句作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。【14题详解】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，他已经获得了无人机教练证书。根据上文Bynow可知，谓语动词obtain为现在完成时，主语为he，助动词用has。故填hasobtained。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。NeZha2,___15___(base)onaChinesefolkcharacter,earnedmorethan8billionyuanduringtheweeklongChineseNewYearholiday.Itbroketherecordsetby2021’sTheBattleofLakeChangjin.Hotoffitsdomesticsuccess,it___16___(show)overseasnextweek,includingintheUS,CanadaandAustralia.“ItnotonlyshowsthestrongpowerofChineseanimation,butalso___17___(demonstrate)theendlesspossibilitiesoftraditionalChinesestoriesinthemoderncon,”readsonereview.【答案】15.based16.willbeshownwillbeshowedisgoingtobeshownisgoingtobeshowed17.demonstrates【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了电影《哪吒2》在国内大获成功后，将在海外上映。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据中国民间人物改编的电影《哪吒2》在为期一周的春节假期中票房超过80亿元。此处非谓语动词base与NeZha2构成逻辑被动关系，base用过去分词形式作定语。故填based。【16题详解】考查时态语态。句意：在国内大获成功后，该片将于下周在海外上映，包括美国、加拿大和澳大利亚。主语it与谓语动词show构成被动关系，根据后文nextweek可知为一般将来时的被动语态。故填willbeshown/willbeshowed/isgoingtobeshown/isgoingtobeshowed。【17题详解】考查时态。句意：“它不仅展示了中国动画的强大力量，也展示了中国传统故事在现代背景下的无限可能性，”一篇评论写道。句子主语it是单数，且notonly…butalso连接并列谓语，前半句谓语shows用单数形式，后半句并列谓语动词demonstrate也为一般现在时，谓语用三单形式。故填demonstrates。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。SincethelaunchofTiangong’sfirstponent___18___2021,Chinesespaceofficialshavediscussedselectingandsendingforeignastronautstothespacestation.Now,China’sTiangongspacestationisexpectedtoweleitsfirstforeign___19___(visit)—aPakistaniastronaut.___20___(achieve)thishistoricmission,ChinaandPakistanwillspendaboutayearpletingtheselectionprocessbeforesendingthechosencandidatestoChinaforsystematictraining.Thisinitiativemarksamajorstepininternationalcooperationandinspiresglobalspaceexploration.【答案】18.in19.visitor20.Toachieve【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了中国的天宫空间站预计将迎来一位巴基斯坦宇航员，中巴双方的合作标志着国际合作迈出了重要一步。【18题详解】考查介词。句意：自2021年发射天宫一号部件以来，中国航天官员一直在讨论选择和派遣外国宇航员前往空间站。表示在某一年应用介词in。故填in。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：现在，中国的天宫空间站预计将迎来第一位外国访客——一位巴基斯坦宇航员。作宾语，表示“访客”用名词visitor，根据后文aPakistaniastronaut可知名词应用单数形式。故填visitor。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了完成这一历史性使命，中巴双方将用一年左右的时间完成选拔过程，然后将被选中的候选人送往中国进行系统培训。此处achieve作目的状语，用不定式，首字母大写。故填Toachieve。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文：从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAIScholarsLiveOnlineisa10session(25hour)artificialintelligencebootcampforhighschoolstudents,teachingfundamentalAIconceptsandguidingthemtobuildasociallyimpactfulproject.Taughtbygraduatestudentsfromwellknownuniversities,participantsreceivepersonalizedinstructioninsmallgroupswith5studentsperteacher.Requirements·HighSchoolStudents(Grades912)orequivalent.·Nopriorprogrammingorputerscienceexperienceisrequired,butaninterestinAIisappreciated.·Advancedgroupsareavailableforstudentswithpriorexperience.HowLiveOnlineSessionsWorkPersonalizedInstruction:Studentswillreceivepersonalizedguidance,engageinAIdiscussions,workonprogrammingexercises,andpetfeedbackthroughlivescreenshare.TeamLearning:StudentswillworktogetheronAIdemonstrations,activities,andinteractwithmultipleinstructors.Theywillalsoattendinstructorresearchspotlightsandpresentatafinalevent.AILearningOnlinePlatform:Studentswillgetaccesstomaterialsonpopularprogramminglanguages,codingassignments,andmorethanfiveAIprojectsinhealthcare,economics,andmediatocontinuetheirAIjourney.FirstHalfofProgram(Sessions15):StudentswillexploreAIapplications,foundationalconcepts,anddevelopprogrammingskills.Theywillparticipateingroupdiscussions,workonhandsoncodingassignmentsindividually,anddemonstratetheireffortsusingscreenshare.SecondHalfofProgram(Sessions610):StudentswillapplytheirAIskillstoamentorledsocialgoodprojectandattendcollegeandcareerpreparationworkshops.TheywillalsodiscussAImoralissues,joinanAIpanel,andpresenttheirworkatafinalprojectfair.21.WhatdoestheAIScholarsLiveOnlineprogrammainlyfocuson?A.AIknowledgeforcollegeentranceexamination. B.Basicputerknowledgeandoperations.C.AIconceptsandprojectbuilding. D.Advancedprogrammingskills.22.Accordingtothispassageapplicantsarerequiredto_______.A.haveabackgroundinputerscienceorAleducationB.beingrades9to12oratasimilareducationlevelC.havepreviousexperienceinadvancedAIcoursesD.begraduatestudentsfromfamousuniversities23.Duringtheprogram,studentswill_______A.conductpracticalcodingassignmentsindependentlyB.getresponsesthroughfacetofacemunicationC.watchAIdemonstrationsofferedbyinstructorsD.createanAldrivenrouteforaglobaljourney【答案】21.C22.B23.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“AIScholarsLiveOnline”项目——一个面向高中生的10节课（25小时）人工智能训练营。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“AIScholarsLiveOnlineisa10session(25hour)artificialintelligencebootcampforhighschoolstudents,teachingfundamentalAIconceptsandguidingthemtobuildasociallyimpactfulproject.(AIScholarsLiveOnline是一个面向高中生的10节课（25小时）人工智能训练营，教授基本的人工智能概念，并指导他们建立一个具有社会影响力的项目。)”可知，该课程主要教授基本的人工智能概念，并指导学生构建具有社会影响力的项目。故选C项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Requirements部分的第一点“HighSchoolStudents(Grades912)orequivalent.(高中学生(912年级)或同等学历。)”可知，申请人需要是高中912年级的学生或同等学历。故选B项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二的的句子“StudentswillexploreAIapplications,foundationalconcepts,anddevelopprogrammingskills.Theywillparticipateingroupdiscussions,workonhandsoncodingassignmentsindividually,anddemonstratetheireffortsusingscreenshare.(学生将探索人工智能的应用，基本概念，并发展编程技能。他们将参加小组讨论，单独完成动手编码任务，并通过屏幕共享展示他们的努力。)”可知，学生将独立完成实践编程作业。故选A项。BSincehewasalittleboy,Mason,18,hasbeena“tinkerer”.Hismomsays,“Heisalwaysbuildingsomethingandingupwithnewinventions.”Fouryearsago,avideoplayedatschooldemonstratedthedangersofgettingtrappedingrainandtoldthestoryofafarmerwhohadnearlylosthislifeinagrainbin(谷仓).ThatstorystuckwithMason.Hebeganresearchinghowgrainbinsworkandsketchingideas.Hewouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightwithnewideas,turnonhislight,andjotthemdown.Eventually,hecameupwiththeideaoftheGrainGyre:anauger(螺旋钻)onthebottomofthebinthatmovesthecropupanddumpsitbackoutontopinthecenter.Thisway,thefarmerwouldn’tneedtogointothebinandriskgettinghurt.Hesharedhisideawithhisteacher,whoencouragedhimtobuildamodel.Mason’sdadgavehimfullfreedomtouseallthepartsandtoolsinhisshed.Ittookafewtries,butMasonworkeduntilhisdesigncametolifeanddidexactlywhathewanted.Afterwards,Mason’sgrandparentsdonatedagrainbinandthecornneededtofillitfromtheirfarm.Hisbrotherpouredtheconcrete.Oneofhisfriendsdidtheelectricalwork.Today,agrainbinsitsattheendofthedriveway.CamerasinsidethebinshowtheGrainGyreinactiononascreensetupnexttothebin.Theentiresystemcanbecontrolledmanuallywithaswitchmountedonthebinorremotelyfromanappontheuser’ssmartphoneortablet.MasonisstillthinkingaboutwaystomaketheGrainGyrebetter.Heisdevelopingasocialmediapresencetosharevideosofhowhisinventionactuallyworks.epistofindamanufacturertolicenseandbuildtheGrainGyre.Aftergraduatingfromhighschool,Masonplanstoattendmunitycollegetobeeamechanicspecializinginengines.Masoncouldverywellbeclosetobeingasuccessfulbusinessmanwhilestillateenager,butthat’snotwhyheinventedtheGrainGyre.Hesayshismotivationremainsthesametodayaswhenhefirstcameupwiththeidea:“Tokeepfarmerssafe.”24.WhatmadeMasonstartthinkingabouttheGrainGyre?A.Hisexperienceofbeingtrappedtoacornfield.B.Hisfather’sencouragementtocreateanewinvention.C.Aninventionthathelpsfarmersaddresscropshortages.D.Astoryaboutafarmernearlylosinghislifeinagrainbin.25.HowdidMason’sfamilyandfriendshelpwiththeGrainGyre?A.Theyprovidedresourcesandsupport.B.Theyassistedwithdesigningthesystem.C.Theyfundedtheprojectandmanagedproduction.D.Theypostedavideooftheinventiononsocialmedia.26.Accordingtothelastparagraph,wecanlearnthatMasonis_______.A.extremelybrave B.quietlyambitiousC.sociallyresponsible D.academicallypassionate27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Familyteamworkleadstogreatersuccess.B.Caringinnovationsolvesrealworlddangers.C.Startingabusinessdemandspersonalambition.D.Formaleducationprovidessolutionstodifficultproblems.【答案】24.D25.A26.C27.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了梅森因为看到一个农民在粮仓里差点丧命的故事，于是有了“谷物环流”的想法，让农民就不需要冒着受伤的风险进入谷仓。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Fouryearsago,avideoplayedatschooldemonstratedthedangersofgettingtrappedingrainandtoldthestoryofafarmerwhohadnearlylosthislifeinagrainbin(谷仓).ThatstorystuckwithMason.(四年前，学校里播放了一段视频，展示了被困在粮仓里的危险，并讲述了一位农民差点在粮仓里丧命的故事。这个故事让梅森印象深刻)”和第二段“Hebeganresearchinghowgrainbinsworkandsketchingideas.Hewouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightwithnewideas,turnonhislight,andjotthemdown.Eventually,hecameupwiththeideaoftheGrainGyre:

(他开始研究粮仓是如何工作的，并勾勒出一些想法。他会在半夜醒来，突然有了新的想法，打开灯，把它们记下来。最终，他提出了谷物环流的想法)”可知，一个关于一个农民在粮仓里差点丧命的故事让梅森开始考虑谷物环流。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Afterwards,Mason’sgrandparentsdonatedagrainbinandthecornneededtofillitfromtheirfarm.Hisbrotherpouredtheconcrete.Oneofhisfriendsdidtheelectricalwork.(后来，梅森的祖父母从他们的农场捐赠了一个谷物箱和装满它所需的玉米。他的兄弟浇筑混凝土。他的一个朋友做电气工作)”可知，梅森的家人和朋友提供了资源和支持，帮助建造了谷物环流。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hesayshismotivationremainsthesametodayaswhenhefirstcameupwiththeidea:“Tokeepfarmerssafe.”(他说，今天他的动机和他第一次提出这个想法时一样：“保证农民的安全。”)”可知，梅森是有社会责任感的。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Hebeganresearchinghowgrainbinsworkandsketchingideas.Hewouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightwithnewideas,turnonhislight,andjotthemdown.Eventually,hecameupwiththeideaoftheGrainGyre:anauger(螺旋钻)onthebottomofthebinthatmovesthecropupanddumpsitbackoutontopinthecenter.Thisway,thefarmerwouldn’tneedtogointothebinandriskgettinghurt.(他开始研究粮仓是如何工作的，并勾勒出一些想法。他会在半夜醒来，突然有了新的想法，打开灯，把它们记下来。最终，他想出了“谷物环流”的想法：在垃圾桶底部安装一个螺旋钻，它可以将农作物向上移动，并将其倒回顶部的中央。这样，农民就不需要冒着受伤的风险进入谷仓)”和最后一段“Hesayshismotivationremainsthesametodayaswhenhefirstcameupwiththeidea:“Tokeepfarmerssafe.”(他说，今天他的动机和他第一次提出这个想法时一样：“保证农民的安全。”)”并结合文章主要讲述了梅森因为看到一个农民在粮仓里差点丧命的故事，于是有了“谷物环流”的想法，让农民就不需要冒着受伤的风险进入谷仓可知，关怀创新解决了现实世界的危险。故选B。CUntilafewweeksago,Ireliedonrestauranthygiene(卫生)ratingswhendecidingwheretodine.TheUK’sFoodStandardsAgencyassignsscoresfrom0to5,with0indicatingurgentimprovementisneeded.Theseratingswereareliablepredictorforthosewhoarecarefulaboutfood.However,arecentreportrevealedthatsomebusinessesmisrepresenttheirhygienescores,postinga5whentheirratingsareaslowas0.Whencheatingbehaviorslikethisaresuccessful,theytendtospread,aspeopleoftencopybehaviorsassociatedwithsuccess.Overtime,thiscandamagethesharedsignalsonwhichsocietydepends.Researchinbiologyandsociologyprovidesinsightsintothisphenomenon.Inthenaturalworld,animalssignalinformationtootherorganisms.Forexample,dogsbaretheirteethtowarnofpossibleattacks,andmalereddeerroartoindicatetheirsize.However,someanimalscheat.Atypeofbird’schickscopythesoundsofotherbirds’youngtocheatadultbirdsintofeedingthem.Thisdishonestbehaviorevolvedbecauseitworks,similartohowcheatingcanspreadinhumansociety.Amonghumans,technologicaladvancementshaveincreasedthewayswecanmisrepresentourintentionsandidentities.Thisincludes“catfishing”indigitalinteractions,whereindividualsmasktheirtrueidentitiestocheatothersonline.Generativeartificialintelligenceisfurtherincreasingtheseopportunities.SociologistsinabookdescribehowAIcanbeusedtocheatpeopleinhostileinteractions,eveninwars.Forexample,voiceeditingcanallowindividualstoposeasseniormilitaryofficialsorchildreninneedofmoney.Inthedigitalage,anyonecanassumeanyidentity.Fortunately,humanshavefoundwaystosolvetrustissues.Wearegoodatidentifyingwhoistrustworthyovertime.Welearntorecognizepatternsofbehaviorindicativeofcheating.Justascheatingtactics(手法)spread,sodothetechnologiesfordetectingthem,suchaspasswords,faceorvoicerecognition,andnewtechnologiestopreventdeepfakes(深度伪造).Peoplearealsoskilledatdevelopingnormsthatimposecostsoncheaters.Lawshavebeencreatedtofineorimprisonthoseguiltyofimpersonation.WhilewearestillintheearlystagesofdevelopingeffectiverulesaroundAI,theawarenessofthedangersthesetoolsposeisastepinourdefense.Whatmattersforkeepingtrustisthereliabilityofthesignalsweuseinmunication.Whetherit’shygienescoresortrickemails,weneedamechanismtodeterminereliability.Thisisachievedthrougheffectivepolicing—punishingthosewhoproveuntrustworthy—andeducatingourselvestoavoidunreliablepeople,places,andthings.Ifwecantrustthathygieneratingsarereliable,wecanusethemtoguideourbehavior.28.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A.Restaurantbusinessesarepetitive.B.Sharedsignalscanbeadrivingforceinsuccess.C.Cheatingbehaviorscanharmtrustwithinsociety.D.Ratingsystemsaredevelopedwithscientificmethods.29.Whatistheauthor’sviewontechnologicaladvancements?A.Objective. B.Doubtful. C.Optimistic. D.Pessimistic.30.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatweshould_______.A.adoptstricterlegalpunishmentfordeepfakesB.prioritizeofficialrulesoverindividualawarenessC.increaserelianceontechnologicalsolutionstodetectdishonestyD.binelegalmeasureswithpublicawarenesstoreducedistrust【答案】28.C29.A30.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了欺骗行为所带来的不良社会影响以及如何避免社会欺骗行为。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Whencheatingbehaviorslikethisaresuccessful,theytendtospread,aspeopleoftencopybehaviorsassociatedwithsuccess.Overtime,thiscandamagethesharedsignalsonwhichsocietydepends.(当这样的欺骗行为成功时，它们往往会传播，因为人们经常模仿与成功相关的行为。随着时间的推移，这可能会破坏社会所依赖的共享信号)”可知，欺骗行为会损害社会的信任。故选C。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Amonghumans,technologicaladvancementshaveincreasedthewayswecanmisrepresentourintentionsandidentities.Thisincludes“catfishing”indigitalinteractions,whereindividualsmasktheirtrueidentitiestocheatothersonline.Generativeartificialintelligenceisfurtherincreasingtheseopportunities.SociologistsinabookdescribehowAlcanbeusedtocheatpeopleinhostileinteractions,eveninwars.Forexample,voiceeditingcanallowindividualstoposeasseniormilitaryofficialsorchildreninneedofmoney.Inthedigitalage,anyonecanassumeanyidentity.(在人类中，技术进步增加了我们歪曲自己意图和身份的方式。这包括数字互动中的“钓鱼猫”，即个人掩盖真实身份，在网上欺骗他人。生成式人工智能进一步增加了这些机会。社会学家在一本书中描述了人工智能如何在敌对的互动中欺骗人们，甚至在战争中。例如，语音编辑可以让个人冒充高级军事官员或需要钱的儿童。在数字时代，任何人都可以拥有任何身份)”以及第四段“Justascheatingtactics(手法)spread,sodothetechnologiesfordetectingthem,suchaspasswords,faceorvoicerecognition,andnewtechnologiestopreventdeepfakes(深度伪造).(随着欺骗手段的传播，检测欺骗手段的技术，如密码、面部或声音识别，以及防止深度造假的新技术也在传播)”可知，作者认为技术进步可以被用来行骗，也可以利用技术进步来防止欺骗，说明作者对技术进步的看法是客观的。故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whatmattersforkeepingtrustisthereliabilityofthesignalsweuseinmunication.Whetherit’shygienescoresortrickemails,weneedamechanismtodeterminereliability.Thisisachievedthrougheffectivepolicing—punishingthosewhoproveuntrustworthy—andeducatingourselvestoavoidunreliablepeople,places,andthings.(保持信任的关键是我们在交流中使用的信号的可靠性。无论是卫生分数还是欺骗邮件，我们都需要一种机制来确定可靠性。这是通过有效的监管来实现的——惩罚那些被证明不值得信任的人——并教育我们自己避开不可靠的人、地方和事物)”可知，我们应该结合法律措施和公众意识来减少不信任。故选D。DEarthisabrightspotofvalueintheuniverse,partlybecauseitcontainshumanbeingswho,drivenbycuriosityandanoninstrumentaldesiretoaddresshardquestions,engageinphilosophy.Philosophicalinquirymakestheentireplanetbetterthanitwouldotherwisebe.Issciencebetterandmoresignificantthanphilosophy,morecentraltothespecialnessofEarth?Ofcourse,sciencecanextendourlifespansandempowerustotransformtheenvironment.Butthelongevityandpowerofonespeciesaren’twhatmakeEarthspecial.Considerinstead,thegreatestachievementsofscience:theCopernican/Galilean/Newtonianrevolution,Darwin’stheoryofnaturalselection,Einstein’stheoryofrelativity,quantummechanics,breakthroughsingeneticsandbrainscience.Thesetransformedourunderstandingoftheuniverseandourplacewithinit.Thedistinctivevalueofhumanscienceliesinitsphilosophicalstrength—itspowertoguideustowardthebroadestandmostfoundationalquestionsaboutourselvesandtheuniverse.Artisthesame:atitsbest,itgoesbeyonddecorationandamusement,confrontinguswiththepuzzlesofhumanexistence.Intheirmostambitiousforms,theartsandsciencesmergeintophilosophy,expressingourphilosophicalurges.Ametaphor:asthecircleoflightexpands,sotoodoestheringofdarknessaroundit.Philosophylivesinthatringofdarkness.Withinthecircleoflightlieswhatisstraightforwardlyknowablethroughmonsense,mainstreamscienceorotherestablishedmethods.Inthepenumbra(半影)aremattersofguessesorideas.There’snosharplinebetweenlightanddark,andnosharpbeginningorendtothepenumbra.Asthelightgrows,thepenumbralringexpandstomatch.Therewillalwaysbedarknessbeyond,andphilosophicalquestioningwillchaseit.Wewillneverpletetheprojectofunderstandingthefundamentalstructureoftheworld.Generationsofphilosopherswilldiewithoutgettingsatisfactoryanswerstotheirmostsearchingquestions.Billionsofyearsago,starsexploded,formingplanets,andlifeemerged.Somebeingsdevelopedtheabilitytowonderabouttheirplaceintheuniverse,theirvalues,andtheircapacityforreflection.Whenwephilosophize,webeeameansbywhichtheuniverse,afterbillionsofyears,momentarilythinksaboutitselfindoubtandamazement.Nothingismorenaturallyvaluableorworthyofrespectandwonder.31.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodobymentioningthebrightnessofEarth?A.Makeanassumption. B.Presentanargument. C.Giveasuggestion. D.Raiseaquestion.32.Whatdoesthephrase“mergeinto”underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?A.Changeto. B.Replacewith. C.Standfor. D.bineinto.33.Whatcanbeinferredaboutphilosophyfromthemetaphorofpenumbra?A.Itwilldeclineasknowledgeadvances. B.Itwillcontinueduetoexpandingunknowns.C.Itaimstodistinguishbetweenlightanddark. D.Itremainsseparatefromestablishedmethods.34.Theauthorbelievesthat_____.A.thepursuitofendlessquestionsissignificantB.humanbeingsareahighlyemotionalspeciesC.scienceistheprimarysourceofphilosophicalideasD.thephysicalcharacteristicsofEarthmakeiional【答案】31.B32.D33.B34.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过对比哲学与科学、艺术的关系，强调了哲学在人类理解和探索世界中的重要性。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Earthisabrightspotofvalueintheuniverse,partlybecauseitcontainshumanbeingswho,drivenbycuriosityandanoninstrumentaldesiretoaddresshardquestions,engageinphilosophy.Philosophicalinquirymakestheentireplanetbetterthanitwouldotherwisebe.(地球是宇宙中一个有价值的亮点，部分原因是它孕育了人类，人类出于好奇心和一种非功利性的解答难题的渴望，投身于哲学。哲学探究使整个星球变得比它本来的样子更好。)”可知，作者提到地球的明亮是为了提出论点，作者认为，人类对哲学的探索使地球变得更有价值。故选B项。【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文的“Intheirmostambitiousforms(以其最宏大的形式)”和下文的“expressingourphilosophicalurges(表达我们的哲学欲望)”可知，艺术和科学要以其形式表达我们的哲学欲望，肯定是要融入到哲学中去，所以划线短语mergeinto的意义为“并入；合并”，与bineinto意义一致。故选D项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Asthelightgrows,thepenumbralringexpandstomatch.Therewillalwaysbedarknessbeyond,andphilosophicalquestioningwillchaseit.Wewillneverpletetheprojectofunderstandingthefundamentalstructureoftheworld.(随着光线的增加，半影环也随之扩大。前方总会有黑暗，哲学的追问会追逐黑暗。我们永远不会完成了解世界基本结构的工程。)”可知，随着知识的增长，未知的领域也在扩大，哲学将继续探索这些未知。故选B项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据全文内容，特别是倒数第二段中的“Therewillalwaysbedarknessbeyond,andphilosophicalquestioningwillchaseit.Wewillneverpletetheprojectofunderstandingthefundamentalstructureoftheworld.Generationsofphilosopherswilldiewithoutgettingsatisfactoryanswerstotheirmostsearchingquestions.(前方总会有黑暗，哲学的追问会追逐黑暗。我们永远不会完成了解世界基本结构的工程。一代又一代的哲学家对他们最深奥的问题，没有得到满意的答案，就死去了。)”和最后一段中的“Whenwephilosophize,webeeameansbywhichtheuniverse,afterbillionsofyears,momentarilythinksaboutitselfindoubtandamazement.Nothingismorenaturallyvaluableorworthyofrespectandwonder.(当我们进行哲学思考时，我们成为了一种手段，使得宇宙在经历了数十亿年后，能够在瞬间带着怀疑和惊叹去思考自身。没有什么比这更自然地具有价值，更值得尊重和惊叹的了。)”可知，作者认为追求无尽的问题本身是重要的。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Sustainablemomentum(动力)isaboutcreatingasteadypatterninyourlife,wheremitmenttoataskbeesashabitualasbreathing.Andcreatingalifepatternthatfuelscreativityandproductivityisquitesimple,yetpowerful:planweeklyanddodaily.___35___Let’slookatitindetail.PLANWEEKLY___36___WhatyouplanforMondaymightnotbeachievablebyWednesday.Thisiswhereaweeklybigpictureprovesinvaluable.Insteadofrigidlyplanningeverydaygiveyourselfthebreathingspaceofaweek.Whenyouplanweekly,you’reaffordedtheluxuryofarranginghourswithmoreflexibility.Say,asurpriseappointmentcropsuponTuesday?Noworries.___37___Shuffling(变换次序)withinaweekprovidesasmoothershiftthantryingtorearrangeajampackedday.Additionally,planningwithaweeklyperspectiveoffersabird’s