世界银行-气候健康实施手册 强化气候健康治理 Climate Health Implementation Manual Strengthening Climate Health Governance

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INTERVENTIONGUIDANCE

StrengtheningClimateHealthGovernance

FromClimateHealthMandatetoMainstreamedPolicyApproach

WorldBankHealth,NutritionandPopulationGlobalPractice

March2026

CHIMInterventionGuidance:StrengtheningClimateHealthGovernance

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Introduction

Governanceisthebackboneofaneffectiveclimatehealthresponse.Itshapeshowdecisionsaremade,howresponsibilitiesareassigned,andhowresourcesflowfromnationalcommitmentstosubnationalimplementation.Yetinmanycontexts,governanceforclimateandhealthremainsfragmentedandclimatecommitmentsaremadewithouttheinstitutionalarrangements,costedplans,orworkforcecapacityneededtoactonthem.

Thisguidepresentsatieredframeworkofinterventionsorganizedaroundwhatcountriescandotostrengthenclimatehealthgovernance,andwhichtoolscanhelpthemdoit.Theguideis

organizedintothreetiersreflectingthematurityofacountry'sclimatehealthgovernancesystems,frominitialmandate-settingandstakeholderengagementthroughtheadvancedcoordination,

datasystems,andwhole-of-governmentapproachesthatcharacterizeclimateleadership.Whatremainsconstantacrossalltiersarethecoreenablersofeffectivegovernance:clearlegal

mandatesandaccountabilitystructures,cross-sectoralcoordinationtiedtobudgets,evidence-guidedplanning,meaningfulparticipation,andtheanticipatorycapacitytoplanforuncertaintyratherthansimplyrespondtoit.

Governanceisnotonlyaboutinstitutions,butaboutlegitimacy,accountability,andtrust—

qualitiesthatdependoninclusive,participatoryprocessesthatbringdiversestakeholdersinto

decision-making.Countriesthatinvestinthesefoundationsandaligngovernancereformwith

broaderinvestmentsinhealthsystemresilience,workforcecapacity,anddatainfrastructure,willbebestpositionedtoprotecttheirpopulationsfromthecompoundinghealthrisksofachangingclimate.

CHIMInterventionGuidance:StrengtheningClimateHealthGovernance

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TieredApproachtoStrengtheningClimateHealthGovernance

Theguideisorganizedintothreetiersthatreflectthematurityofacountry’sclimatehealth

governancesystems.Eachtierincludesacountryprofiledescribingwhatcountriesatthatstagetypicallylooklike,priorityinterventionsorganizedbywhattheyachieve,thetoolsthatsupporteachintervention,andpracticalusecasesshowinghowinterventionsworktogether.Theguideconcludeswithanimplementationroadmap,criticalsuccessfactors,andafulllistofthe39

interventionsasanannex.

Thetiersserveasbuildingblocks,withprogressivecomplexityreflectingincreasingcapacity,

resources,andcollectivesupportfortheadoptionandrealizationofasystem-wideclimatehealthmandate.Reflectingthecyclicalnatureofpolicyplanning,action,assessment,andlearning,a

countrytransitioningtoTier2interventionswillimplementmanyofthesamepracticesaligned

withTier1,yetwithcriticaladjustmentswhichreflectadditionalevidence,greaterfunding,

strongercoordination,andlessonslearned.Tier3interventionsbuildfurtheronmature

governancestructures,coordinationmechanisms,andaccountabilitysystemstoshifttowardsa

HealthinAllPoliciesapproach,withsystematicconsiderationofhealthimpactsandco-benefitsbydecision-makersacrosssectors.

Withineachtier,interventionsaretheorganizingprinciple.Thisguideleadswithwhatcountries

shoulddo(theinterventions)andshowswhichtoolshelpthemdoit.Toolsappearwherethey

supportspecificinterventions,sotheconnectionbetweenresourcesandimplementationisclear.

TIER1

TIER2

TIER3

GettingStarted

Identifyandleverageexisting

entrypoints,generatebuy-infromkeystakeholders,establish

priorities,andarticulateanoverallvision.

Forcountrieswhohavenot

institutionalizedaclimatehealthmandate.

7interventions

BuildingCapacity

Implementsector-specificclimateinterventionsacrossprocurementdomains.

Forcountrieswithbasicclimatehealthgovernancestructuresinplace.

12interventions

AdvancedClimateAction

Optimizewithcarbon

measurement,marketshaping,circulareconomy,regional

leadership.

Forcountrieswithmatureplanningandmultisectoralcoordination

structures.

5interventions

ThisguideisacompaniontotheCHIMProcurementRepository,whichcontainsdetaileddescriptions,directlinks,andfullinterventionmappingsforall39tools.

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TIER1:GettingStarted

Institutionalizingaclimatehealthmandate

CountryProfile

Countriesatthisstagehavelimitedcoordinationbetweenhealthandenvironmentalauthorities

andsystems,andmanyhavenoformalplanningorcoordinationsystemsinplacetoensurethathealthauthoritiesareengagedinclimateplanningorservicedelivery.Nationalgovernmentshavemadeclimatecommitments,yetmaylackarobustpolicyframeworktoalignMinistriesaround

sharedclimatehealthobjectives.Responsetoclimate-healtheventsremainslargelyreactive,

relyingonexistinginfrastructureandhumanresources.Analysisandplanningforfutureneedsislimitedbyfragmenteddatasystems.Agovernmentofficialortechnicalteammaybetaskedwithaclimateandhealthportfolio,butwithlimitedcapacitytoengageacrosshealthagenciesand

Ministries.

ClimateObjectivesatThisStage

Tieroneobjectivesincludeidentifyandleveragingentrypointswithintheexistingsystemto

advanceaclimatehealthmandate,generatebuy-infromkeystakeholdersacrossthesystem,

establishabaselineofcurrentclimatehealthneedsandprojectedvulnerabilities,andoutlinea

keyvisionandprioritizedactionsforclimateandhealth.AstheMinistryofHealthformalizesa

climatehealthmandate(Intervention3.1),asystemmapping/policyreview(Intervention1.1)andstakeholdermappingexercise(Intervention1.2)notonlyservetoidentifykeystructuresand

informationchannelsthatcanbeutilizedorreorientedtosupportclimateandhealth,butalso

supportearlycross-sectoralengagement(Intervention6.1)andawareness-raisingamongkey

championsandhelpensurethatplanningincorporatesdiverseperspectives,includingfromvoicestraditionallyunderrepresentedinformaldecision-makingprocesses.Aclimatehealthassessment(Intervention1.3)isacriticalstepforgeneratingevidencetoprioritizeandadvocateforanationalstrategyandinstitutionalframework(Intervention4.1)andactionplan(Intervention4.2).

CHIMInterventionGuidance:StrengtheningClimateHealthGovernance

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PriorityInterventions

Eachinterventionbelowincludestoolsthatcansupporttheirimplementation.

MinistryofHealth(MOH)Mandate

EstablishMoHauthoritytooperationalizeandimplementclimateandhealthprioritiesacross

institutionalandlegalframeworks,participateingovernmentcoordinationbodiesonclimate

change,engagewithnationalclimatechangepolicyprocessesandbudgetingcycles,andestablish

accountabilityandoversightmechanismsforclimatehealthaction.Appointnamedleadsforspecificadaptationactions,identifycapacityneedsandgaps,andensurethatleadershavetheknowledge

andskillstoincorporateclimatechangeintotheirformalandinformalhealthleadershiproles.By

securingaformalmandate,theMoHgainstheinstitutionalstandingneededtoengagewithnationalclimateprocesses,includingNationalAdaptationPlan(NAP)andNationallyDetermined

Contribution(NDC)development,andtomobilizesupport,removebarriers,andcreatetheenablingenvironmentforsustainedcross-sectoralaction.

KeyTools:

Governingforclimate–healthactionintheWHOEuropeanRegion

|

ClimateChange

InstitutionalAssessment

SystemMapping/PolicyReview

Mapexistinggovernmentstructuresattheintersectionofclimateandhealth,includingcoordinationmechanisms,designatedoffices,orportfolioowners;reviewpolicies,mandates,andstated

commitmentstoidentifyentrypoints,linkages,andinterdependencies,assessingexistingchannelsformultisectoralandinteragencycoordinationthatcanbestrengthenedratherthanduplicated.

KeyTools:CADRICapacityAssessmentandPlanningToolforDisasterRiskManagement:Health

Sector(UNDP)|

PolicyAnalyticalFramework(CDC)

|

BuildingCapacityforEvidence-InformedPolicy-

Making:LessonsfromCountryExperiences

StakeholderMapping

Identify,analyze,andprioritizekeyindividuals,groups,andorganizationscentraltoclimatehealth

strategy,decision-making,resourceaccess,andimplementation,includingwithinthenational

government,acrossthehealthsystem,amongrelevantdevelopmentpartners,subnational

governments,andcivilsocietyandprivatesectoractors.Engagementshouldgiveparticular

attentiontovulnerableandunderrepresentedgroupswhoseparticipationisessentialforbuilding

buy-in,ownership,andequitableoutcomes.Considerregularandongoingconsultationmechanismsratherthanone-timeexercises.

KeyTools:StakeholderParticipationGuide:SupportingStakeholderParticipationin

Design,Implementation,andAssessmentofPoliciesandAction(UNDP)|CADRICapacityAssessmentandPlanningToolforDisasterRiskManagement:HealthSector(UNDP)

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ClimateHealthAssessment

Conductandupdateclimatehealthassessments(e.g.climate-relateddiseaseburdenstudies,

vulnerabilityandadaptationassessments)andestablishmonitoringsystemsforclimate-sensitive

healthoutcomes.Thismayincludeahealthsystembaselinesassessmentofgreenhousegas

emissions.Thisfoundationalevidencedefinesthecountry'shealthrisksfromclimatechange,

articulatestherequiredhealthsystemresponse,andgeneratesthequantitativebasisforprioritizingactionsaccordingtoexposurelevel,sizeofvulnerablepopulations,andeconomicefficiency.

KeyTools:

WHOTechnicalWebinarSeriesonClimateChangeandHealth

ClimateHealthStrategy&InstitutionalFrameworks

Definenationalvision,goals,andobjectivesforclimateandhealth,identifykeycriteriafor

prioritization,anddeterminetimehorizonwithconsiderationforpolicyandbudgetplanningcyclesandanticipatedclimateimpacts.Identifylinkageswithrelatedpolicygoalsandactions(including

biodiversity,airquality,foodsecurity,anddisasterriskreduction)tomaximizeco-benefitsand

synergies.Thestrategyshouldreflectacountry-drivenprocessthatbuildsonexistinghealthsystemstrengths,integratesclimateconsiderationsintoestablishedhealthpolicyframeworks,and

positionstheMoHasacredibleactorwithinbroadernationalclimateprocesses.

KeyTools:

Operationalframeworkforbuildingclimateresilienthealthsystems(WHO)

|

Quality

criteriaforhealthnationaladaptationplans(WHO)

|

PracticalGuideforBuildingClimate-Resilient

HealthSystems(HealthCareWithoutHarm)

|

ClimateChangeandHealthToolkit:National

adaptationstrategiesandplans

ClimateHealthRoadmap

Incoordinationwithkeystakeholders,developanactionplanwithshorttime-boundtargetsand

reporting/accountabilitymechanisms,distributingdecision-makingacrossdifferentlevelsand

functionsofthehealthsystem,buildinginregularopportunitiesforlearningandadjustment,investinginforesightandmonitoringofrisksandimpacts,andencouragingcommunityparticipationand

stewardship.Usehealthimpactsandindicatorsasabasistoprioritizeinvestmentsinkeyhealth-determiningsectors.Earlyroadmapsmayfocusoncapacitybuilding,awarenessraising,andearlywarningsystemsasfoundationalquickwinsthatbuildmomentumforbroadersystemchange.

KeyTools:

NDCProgressIndicators:guidanceforpractitioners

|

Implementingnationally

determinedcontributions(NDCs)

|

ClimateChangeandHealthToolkit:Nationaladaptation

strategiesandplans

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Cross-sectoralEngagement

Conductbroadconsultationswithnationalclimatechangecommitteesandkeystakeholdersto

identifynationalhealthprioritiesandadaptationoptions,engagingsectors,includingenergy,

transport,agriculture,water,andhousing,whosedecisionssignificantlydeterminehealthoutcomes.Useestablishedchannelsforinteragencycoordinationwhereverpossible,framinghealth

improvementasafoundationofclimateresiliencetoaddvalueacrossmultiplepolicyareaswhilereducingcompetingpriorities.

KeyTools:

Climateandhealth:aguideforcross-sectorcollaboration

|

Toolkit:Multisectoral

Collaboration

PuttingItTogether:Tier1UseCases

UseCase:MOHOfficialTaskedwithaClimateHealthPortfolio

AMinistryofHealthofficialhasbeentaskedwithestablishingaclimatehealthportfoliobuthasno

climatebackground,nodedicatedstaff,andnoformalcoordinationstructuresinplace.TheofficialbeginswithIntervention1.1,adaptingtheCADRICapacityAssessmentTooltomapexistinginstitutional

arrangementsattheintersectionofclimateandhealth—documentingrelevantpolicies,mandates,andcoordinationmechanismsandidentifyinggapsinauthorityandcapacity.Aclimatehealthassessment

(Intervention1.3)drawsonexistingvulnerabilitydatatodefinenationalhealthprioritiesandbuilda

quantitativecaseforaction.ReviewingtheWHOEuropeGovernanceBriefandWorldBankClimate

ChangeInstitutionalAssessment,theofficialidentifiesinstitutionalarrangementmodelssuitedtohis

countrycontextandproposesagovernancestructurethatworkswithinexistinggovernmentsystems.

Thesefindings—includingcurrentcapacitygaps,proposedcoordinationarrangements,andresource

needs—arepresentedtoMinistryleadershiptosecurebuy-inforformalizingtheMoHclimatemandate(Intervention3.1)andgeneratesupportforanewHealthNationalAdaptationPlan.

UseCase:ClimateHealthFocalPointNavigatingPoliticalTransition

Anewclimatehealthfocalpointisresponsibleforcoordinatingthereviewofhercountry’slastHealthNationalAdaptationPlan,butsheisunsurehowanincomingpresidentialelectionmightimpactfuturecommitmentstotheexistingclimatehealthmandate.UsingtheCDCPolicyAnalyticalFramework,thenewfocalpointconductsasystematicreviewofexistingpolicies,mandates,andstatedcommitmentsacrossministries,engaging

directlywithcounterpartsintheMinistryofEnvironment,thenationalclimatechangesecretariat,andkey

health-determiningsectorstounderstandhowclimatecommitmentsarestructuredandwheredecision-

makingauthoritylies.Throughtheseconversationsandthepolicyreview,shedeterminesthatthecountry's

coreclimatecommitments,includingNationallyDeterminedContribution(NDC)targetsandnational

adaptationobligations,areembeddedinnationallegislationandinternationalagreementsthatarenoteasilysubjecttoreversal.Thehealthsector'sroleindeliveringonthesecommitmentsisdocumentedacrossmultipleministerialmandates,creatingalegalandinstitutionalfoundationthattranscendsanysingleadministration.

ThefocalpointcompilesthesefindingsintoapolicybriefforMinistryleadershipthatframestheclimatehealthmandateasastandinglegalandinstitutionalobligationwhichwillbeinheritedbythenextadministration.

ratherthanchoose.Bythetimetheadministrationchanges,thefocalpointhasbuilttherelationshipsandtheevidencebaseneededtomakethecasethatclimatehealthactionisnotdiscretionary,andthatthestructures,commitments,andcounterpartrelationshipsalreadyinplacerepresentafoundationformeetingthehealth

needsofthepopulation.

CHIMInterventionGuidance:StrengtheningClimateHealthGovernance

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TIER2:BuildingCapacity

Implementclimate-healthworkforceinterventionsacrossallfocusareasofcapacity,distribution,andretention.

CountryProfile

CountriesinTier2havedevelopedaHealthNationalAdaptationPlanandactionroadmap,

underpinnedbyaformalpolicymandateandchampionedbyMinistryleadership.Designated

climatehealthstaffmaycoordinatekeyclimatehealthprogramsandsupportmultisectoraleffortsacrossMinistries;verticalcoordinationmechanismssupportinformationexchange,capacity

building,andjointplanningbetweennationalandsubnationaladministrators.Effortstocaptureclimatehealthimpactsviasurveillanceanddatasystemsareunderway,supportingsomedata-

drivendecision-making;healthandenvironmentaldatamaynotbeintegratedordisaggregated

forcomparability.Nationalandsubnationalbudgetsareallocatedtosupportclimatehealthgoals,thoughfundingmaynotbesufficienttoachieveplannedactions.

ClimateObjectivesatThisStage

TheobjectivesatTier2aretoexpandmultisectoralengagementintomultisectoralcoordination

andaction,ensurethatstrategicprioritiesalignwithfundingandcapacityinvestments,

operationalizeaccountabilityframeworks,andfacilitateevidence-baseddecisionmakingwith

timelydataandincorporationofpeerlearningfromothercountries.Interventionsatthislevelareheavilyfocusedonbuildingthecapacityofthestateinstitutions,healthorganizations,and

networkstorespondtocurrentandanticipatedclimatehealthpriorities,throughneeds-based

workforcedevelopment(Interventions2.1and8.3)andstrategicresourcealignmentanddonor

outreach(Intervention2.2).Inaddition,formalizingandexpandingadedicatedclimateandhealthcoordinationstructure(Intervention3.2)willsupportpolicycoherence,alignmentofnational

strategiesandclimatecommitments(Intervention4.3),andjointplanningwithsubnational

stakeholders(Intervention8.1).Verticalandhorizontalcoordinationeffortswithinthehealth

system(Interventions5.1and5.2)supportsystem-wideknowledgesharing(Intervention5.3)andserviceprovidercapacity.Accountabilityforactionisacceleratedbytheuseofsharedindicatorsacrosshealth-determiningsectors(Intervention6.3),systematicengagementwithnon-

governmentalstakeholders(Intervention6.4),andtheintegrationofprogramevaluationstoassesspolicyandprogrameffectiveness.

CHIMInterventionGuidance:StrengtheningClimateHealthGovernance

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PriorityInterventions

WorkforcePlanning

Basedonassessmentsofcapacityneeds,integrateclimatehealthcapacityintonationalhealth

workforceplanning.Providesystematictrainingtothehealthworkforceonclimate-healthchallenges,vulnerabilities,commitments,andmitigationapproaches.Investmentsshouldequiphealthcare

workersandsystemleadstoidentifyandrespondtothehealthimpactsofclimatechange—

includingheat,airpollution,andclimate-sensitivedisease—andtointerpretanduseclimateand

healthdataintheirday-to-dayroles.Workforceplanningatthisstageshouldreflectnotonlycurrentknowledgegapsbutalsoanticipatorycapacityneeds,preparingleadersandpractitionerstorespondtoemergingandevolvingclimaterisks.

KeyTools:

CapacityforDisasterReductionInitiative(CADRI)DigitalTool

|

Aclimateadaptation

frameworkforNHSorganizationsinEngland

StrategicResourceAlignment

Ensurenationalpolicies,strategies,andlegislationarecostedandtiedtofundingallocationsor

opportunities,specifyingtheconditionalityofclimatefinanceforhealthactionsandplans.Build

capacitiesforMoHpersonneltodevelopclimatechangeproposalsandmanagefundsandprojects;supportregional/nationaltechnicalagenciestobecomeaccreditedbytheGlobalClimateFundand

AdaptationFund.Activelyexpandthedonorbasebyidentifyingopportunitiesforjointresourcing

acrosssectorsandmaintainingstrongcoordinationwithdevelopmentpartnersaroundprioritiesandfinancingneeds.

KeyTools:

PracticalGuideforBuildingClimate-ResilientHealthSystems

|

ClimateFundsExplorer

DedicatedClimateandHealthUnit

EstablishaClimateandHealthUnit(CHU)toplan,coordinateandmanageclimateandhealthpoliciesandprograms,withafocusonfacilitatingandcoordinatingtherangeofgovernmentandhealth

systemactorsresponsibleforimplementingclimateandhealthactions.TheCHUshouldhaveaclearfunctionalmandate,appropriatetechnicalcapacity,anddedicatedfunding,operatingformal

coordinationplatforms,includinginter-ministerialcommitteesortechnicalworkinggroups,toalignhealthadaptationwithnationalplans.TheCHU'sinitialfocusmaybeonimplementingclimateand

healthpolicywheremainstreamingislimited,adoptingaflexibleapproachthatadjustscoursebasedonevidence,feedback,andemergingpriorities.

KeyTools:

AirQualityManagementinEUMemberStates-GovernanceandInstitutional

Arrangements:InternationalExperienceandImplications

|

BelémHealthActionLibrary|Joint

LearningNetworkforUniversalHealthCoverage:Resources

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NDCAlignment

Ensurealignment/coordinationofNDCtargetsandbudgetsacrossenergy,transportation,industry,andhealth;includehealthindicatorsintotheoverallNDCmonitoringandevaluationframework.

Cross-sectoralcollaborationisessentialatthisstagetoassessandprioritizethehealthco-benefitsofmitigationactionsinothersectors,identifyandavoidpotentialnegativehealthimpactsofmitigationoradaptationmeasures,andpromotesustainedMoHengagementinnationalclimatechange

processes.

KeyTools:

QualitycriteriaforintegratinghealthintoNationallyDeterminedContributions(NDCs)

|

HealthyNDCs3.0:EmbeddingHealthinNationalClimatePlansfor2035

|

WHOTechnicalTraining

Webinar:IntegratingHealthintoNationallyDeterminedContributions(NDCs)-2025

HorizontalCoordination

Integrateclimate,includingrelevantnationalmitigationandadaptationtargets,intonationalhealth

strategies,benchmarks,dashboards,andperformancesystems,avoidingthecreationofparallel

verticalprogramsthatcompeteforinstitutionalattentionandresources.Cross-sectoralcollaborationatthislevelsupportsidentificationofhealthco-benefitsofmitigationactions,enablesachievementofhealthsectortargetsthatdependonothersectorssuchasenergyandtransport,andensuresthat

healthconsiderationsareembeddedinadaptationplanningacrosshealth-determiningsectors.

Coordinationmechanismsmaytaketheformofinter-ministerialcommissions,nationalcommitteesonclimatechangeandhealth,ordedicatedtechnicalworkinggroupsestablishedtoinformthe

designofspecificpolicies.

KeyTools:

AclimateadaptationframeworkforNHSorganizationsinEngland

|

NationalHealthand

ClimateStrategy(AU)

|

ResilientCA.org-PublicHealthAdaptationStrategies

VerticalCoordination

Translatenationalmitigationandadaptationtargetsintosubnationalhealth-sectortargets,indicatorsandbenchmarks.Mainstreamadaptationintosubnationalsystem-andfacility-levelplans,policies

andprocedures.Integrateclimateintohealthservicedelivery,includinghealthsystemperformanceandbudgeting,theassessmentandcertificationofhealthcarefacilities,procurementandsupply

chains,clinicalpractices,guidelinesandstandardoperatingprocedures,workforcetraining,disasterriskreduction,andpatienteducation.Nationalgovernmentsshouldsupportsubnationalandlocal

governmentsbyfacilitatingcollaborationacrosslevels,addressinghumanandfinancialcapacity

needs,andsupportingpilotingandreplicationofbestpractices,creatingabi-directionalpartnershipinwhichnationalgoalsinformlocalplansandlocalinnovationsfeedbackintonationalstrategy.

KeyTools:

ProgressandChallengesinAchievingVerticalIntegrationinAdaptationProcesses

|

Health

andHumanServicesClimateChangeAdaptationActionPlan2022-2026

|

JointLearningNetworkfor

UniversalHealthCoverage:Resources

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System-wideKnowledgeSharing

Establishmechanismstoactivelysupportsharing,learning,research,andinnovationacrossthe

healthsystem,ensuringthatmedicalcurriculaandcontinuingprofessionaldevelopmentreflect

climateandhealth.Developcommunicationandreportingprocessesforadaptationacrossfunctionsandserviceareas,drawingonpartnershipswithacademicinstitutionsandexpertnetworkstogroundknowledgesharingincurrentevidence.Learningshouldincorporatelessonsfrompilotprojects,pastclimate-relatedshocks,scientificresearch,andcommunityfeedback,andshouldbeusedto

iterativelyrefinetheHNAPandotherplanninginstrumentsovertime.

KeyTools:

StakeholderParticipationGuide:SupportingStakeholderParticipationinDesign,

Implementation,andAssessmentofPoliciesandAction

|

AclimateadaptationframeworkforNHS

organizationsinEngland

|

HowtoProduceaGreenPlan

SharedIndicators

Integratehealthintotheadaptationtargetsofhealth-determiningsectors.Quantifyclimate-sensitivehealthrisksandimpactsonothersectors.Sharedindicatorscreatetheaccountabilityinfrastructureforcross-sectoralcoordination,enablingpolicymakerstotrackprogress,identifygaps,andmakethecaseforcontinuedinvestmentinclimatehealthaction.Indicatorsshoulddrawonbothqualitative

andquantitativedatasources,andshouldbedesignedtosupportdecision-makingatbothnationalandsubnationallevels

KeyTools:

NDCProgressIndicators:guidanceforpractitioners

|

Trackingprogressontheground:

Guidanceandgoodpracticesforintegratingsubnationalandnon-stateactorsintoM&Esystemsfor

nationalclimatechangeadaptationpolicies

|

Monitoringandassessingprogress,effectivenessand

gapsundertheprocesstoformulateandimplementNationalAdaptationPlans:ThePEGM&ETool

Non-governmentalStakeholderEngagement

Buildingonearlyengagementsandexistingcommunicationnetworks,establishformalsystemsfor

engagementwithcivilsocietyandprivatesectoractorsonclimatehealth,ensuringfeedbackloops

andmechanismsformulti-stakeholderparticipationinplanninganddecision-making.Engagementatthisstageshouldmovebeyondconsultationtowardactivecollaboration,incorporatingnon-state

actors—includingbusinesses,communitygroups,andmedicalandprofessionalassociations—aspartnersingovernanceratherthanaudiencesfordecisionsal