Unit6LivingwithnatureUnderstandingideas(Grammar)课件外研版八年级英语下册

Understandingideas(Grammar)Unit6Livingwithnature01Teachingobjectives02Review03Grammar04VocabularyContents05Homework01Teachingobjectives语言能力能听懂、认读并说出本课时核心词汇，如harmony,energy，在语境中准确理解词义并正确拼写。理解what/when/where/why/how引导的宾语从句，掌握语序、引导词、时态一致三条基本规则，能识别并分析句子成分。能在口头与书面中正确运用该类宾语从句，围绕“人与自然、二十四节气、自然规律”进行问答、转述与观点表达。思维品质学习能力文化意识观察例句、对比结构，归纳宾语从句规则，培养归纳与逻辑推理能力，提升语法规则的自主建构意识。在讨论“人类活动与自然规律”时，学会辩证思考：既要利用自然，也要尊重规律，形成理性判断与观点表达。通过分析文本中节气与农事的关系，提升因果推断、信息整合能力，能用从句清晰地解释自然现象与文化传统的联系。能借助课本例句、笔记梳理宾语从句用法，学会分类整理、对比记忆语法点，形成有效的自主学习策略。在结对/小组活动中，能主动用目标句型交流，提升合作探究与口语输出能力，敢于在实践中发现并纠正错误。能运用所学语法阅读简单同主题语篇，提取关键信息，完成信息转述与简答，提升语法在阅读中的迁移运用能力。学习二十四节气相关表达，了解其作为世界非遗的文化价值，增强对中华传统农耕智慧的认同与自豪感。理解中国传统生态观，对比不同文化对自然的态度，培养尊重自然、顺应自然的价值观。在跨文化语境中，能用英语介绍节气文化与生态理念，提升用英语传播中华优秀传统文化的意识与能力。教学重点掌握what/when/where/why/how引导的宾语从句的基本结构、语序与引导词用法，能在句子中准确识别与套用。理解并运用时态一致规则：主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时态；主句为现在时，从句时态按需选择。能在“人与自然”主题语境中，用宾语从句询问信息、解释原因、表达观点，做到语法正确、语义连贯。教学难点宾语从句的语序问题：易误将疑问句语序带入从句，需反复强化“陈述语序”意识。时态呼应的灵活运用：在真实语境中，易忽略主句时态对从句的影响，尤其主句为过去时的从句时态转换。在口语与写作中自然输出：能摆脱机械套用，在谈论节气、自然现象与人类活动时，准确、得体、连贯地使用宾语从句表达复杂思想。教学重难点02ReviewCompletethesentencesbasedonwhatyouhavelearned.Thebirdssang________(sweet)intheforestearlyinthemorning.The________(villager)grewmanykindsoffruitsandvegetablesontheirfarms.Manypeoplewanttoliveinquietandbeautiful___________(countryside).Whatwasher________(react)whensheheardthesurprisingnews?Ilovespring,_________(especial)theflowersinthepark.Oldpeopleoftenhavemuch________(wise)fromtheirlifeexperiences.Thetemperatureistendegrees________zerotoday.Pleasewaitformeatthebusstopbeforemy________(arrive).sweetlyvillagerscountrysidesreactionespeciallywisdombelowarrivalGrammarReviewthat引导的宾语从句（1）当谓语动词表示______的概念，如“希望”、“相信”、“知道”或“说”时，其后的宾语从句一般用_____引导。that没有词义，只具有语法功能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子作前面动词的宾语，多数情况下可以省略。注意：并非所有的动词后面都可接that引导的赛语从句。常接that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词有________,expect,explain,feel,_____,hope,know,________,prefer,promise,report,say,see,tell,think,understand,warn,_____等。（2）主句是____________________________结构时，常接that引导的宾语从句。这类形容词多表示感情，如happy,sorry,afraid,glad,sure等。拓展：引导词that用于下列情况时不可省略：肯定thatbelievehearimagine“系动词+形容词”构成的系表wishGrammarReview拓展：引导词that用于下列情况时不可省略：①当主从句之间有________时。②当宾语从句中含有___________时。③当宾语从句是双宾语中的_________时。④当_______________引导的宾语从句由_________连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。whether/if引导的宾语从句whether/if引导宾语从句时，意为________，表达一个不确定的概念，常放在ask,wonder,know,________等词（组）后面。whether/if在从句中______充当句子成分但__________。插入语主从复合句直接宾语并列连词findout“是否”两个或多个that不不能省略GrammarReview拓展：whether和if一般情况下可以互换使用，但在下列情况下只能使用whether，不能使用if。①引导的从句作______的宾语时②直接与______连用时③后面直接跟带____的不定式时注意：宾语从句无论由什么词引导，都要用_______语序。Ithink________youareright.Idon'tknow__________hewillcometotheparty.Sheasks__________Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Webelieve________hecanpasstheexameasily.介词ornotto陈述句thatthatif/whetherif/whether03GrammarReadthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandsummarisethegrammarrules.(a)Ididn'tknowhowpopularthepaintingswouldbecome.(b)Theyhelppeopleunderstandwhynatureworksthisway.Nowfindonemoresentencewiththesestructuresinthereadingpassage.Thetermshelpedthemunderstandwhythingshappenedatcertaintimes,andhowtheyshouldreact.多么为什么一、概念：在宾语从句中，由疑问代词引导，用来表示“谁、什么、哪一个、谁的”等含义，这类连接词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分，不能省略。二、常用疑问代词what什么；who谁（主格）；whom谁（宾格）；whose谁的；which哪一个/哪些三、核心语法规则1.语序必须用陈述语序结构：主句+疑问代词+主语+谓语+其他从句不能倒装，不能出现助动词提前（do/does/did/will等）。疑问代词引导的宾语从句2.时态呼应主句是现在时，从句时态根据实际情况使用。主句是过去时，从句一般用相应过去时态。从句是客观真理，永远用一般现在时。3.疑问代词不可省略不像that引导的宾语从句可省，疑问代词有实际含义，必须保留。四、详解1.what（什么）在从句中可作：主语、宾语、表语例句：Idon'tknowwhathemeans.我不知道他是什么意思。（what作宾语）Canyoutellmewhathappenedjustnow?疑问代词引导的宾语从句你能告诉我刚才发生什么了吗？（what作主语）Heaskedwhatmyjobwas.他问我是做什么工作的。（what作表语）2.who（谁，主格）在从句中作主语例句：Iwonderwhowillwinthegame.我想知道谁会赢得比赛。Doyouknowwhobrokethewindow?你知道是谁打破窗户的吗？3.whom（谁，宾格）在从句中作宾语，口语中常用who代替例句：Idon'tknowwhomyouarewaitingfor.我不知道你在等谁。Sheaskedwhomwemetyesterday.她问我们昨天遇见了谁。Canyoutellmewhomheistalkingto?你能告诉我他在和谁说话吗？4.whose（谁的）在从句中作定语，修饰名词疑问代词引导的宾语从句例句：Iwanttoknowwhosebagthisis.我想知道这是谁的包。Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.他问谁的书写最好。Doyouknowwhosecarisparkedthere?你知道谁的车停在那儿吗？5.which（哪一个/哪些）在从句中可作主语、宾语、定语，强调在一定范围内选择例句：Idon'tknowwhichisbetter.我不知道哪个更好。（which作主语）Pleasetellmewhichyouprefer.请告诉我你更喜欢哪一个。（which作宾语）HeaskedwhichbookIlikedbest.他问我最喜欢哪本书。（which作定语）五、高频易错点总结1.语序错误疑问代词引导的宾语从句错：Idon'tknowwhatishedoing.对：Idon'tknowwhatheisdoing.2.who/whom混用从句作主语→用who从句作宾语→用whom（口语可用who）3.which/what区别what：无范围，泛指“什么”which：有范围，指“哪一个”4.时态一致主句过去时，从句一般用过去时，例如：HeaskedwhatIhaddone.客观真理用现在时，例如：Weallknowwhattheearthislike.疑问代词引导的宾语从句一、概念：疑问副词when,where,how,why用来引导宾语从句，在从句中分别作时间、地点、方式、原因状语，整个从句在句中充当宾语。二、基本结构：主句（主语+谓语）+疑问副词+主语+谓语+其他注意：从句必须用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后），不能用倒装语序。三、四个疑问副词用法1.when——表示“什么时候”例句：Idon'tknowwhenhewillcomeback.我不知道他什么时候回来。Canyoutellmewhenthemeetingstarts?你能告诉我会议什么时候开始吗？2.where——表示“在哪里”例句：Sheaskedwherewecouldbuythebook.她问我们在哪里能买到这本书。疑问副词引导的宾语从句Iwanttoknowwherehelives.我想知道他住在哪里。3.how——表示“怎样、如何”例句：Heexplainedhowweshouldsolvetheproblem.他解释了我们应该怎样解决这个问题。DoyouknowhowIcangettothestation?你知道我怎样能到车站吗？4.why——表示“为什么”例句：Iwonderwhyheislateagain.我想知道他为什么又迟到了。Nobodyunderstoodwhyshesaidthat.没人明白她为什么那么说。四、三大核心规则1.语序规则：必须用陈述语序疑问副词引导的宾语从句错误：Idon'tknowwhenwillhecome. 正确：Idon'tknowwhenhewillcome.口诀：疑问副词放句首，主语紧跟在其后。2.时态规则：主现从不限，主过从必过主句是一般现在时，从句时态根据实际情况使用。例句：Iknowwherehewentyesterday.主句是一般过去时，从句必须用相应过去时态。例句：HeaskedhowIfeltatthattime.3.引导词不能省略that引导的宾语从句可省，但when/where/how/why一律不能省略。五、易混辨析：疑问代词（what,who,which）：在从句中作主语或宾语；疑问副词（when,where,how,why）：在从句中作状语。疑问副词引导的宾语从句ExerciseIdon'tknow___________heiswaitingforatthegate.Couldyoutellme______wewillhavethesportsmeeting?Sheasked_______dictionaryitisonthedesk.Doyouknow_____Icangettothemuseum?Pleasetellme_______subjectyoulikebest.Iwanttoknow______livesinthatsmallhouse.Wewonder______hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.Hedidn'tsay______hewouldgofortheholiday.Canyouguess______isinthebox?Nobodyknows_____hesolvedtheproblemsoquickly.who/whomwhenwhosehowwhichwhowhywherewhathowWritethesentenceswithobjectclauses.1.Iam/curiousabout/Chinesepeople/celebrate/RainWater_______________________________________________________________2.Doyou/know/people/eatdumplings/inStartofWinter_______________________________________________________________3.Haveyou/decided/youwant/todo/inMajorSnow_______________________________________________________________4.Iam/notsure/weare/going/tomorrow/forMinorHeat_______________________________________________________________5.Hehas/toldme/we/shallmeet/inEndofHeat_______________________________________________________________Iamcuriousabouthow/whyChinesepeoplecelebrateRainWater.Doyouknowwhy/whether/ifpeopleeatdumplingsinStartofWinter?HaveyoudecidedwhatyouwanttodoinMajorSnow?IamnotsurewherewearegoingtomorrowforMinorHeat.Hehastoldmewhen/where/thatweshallmeetinEndofHeat.TheMaoriinNewZealandhadmanytermstodescribethesea.Theycarefullychecked¹______thewaterlookedanduseddifferentwordslike“energetic”or“dangerous”.Manypeoplehavewondered²______theydidthis.Well,thinkabout³______theylived–manysmallislandswerearoundthem.Theyoftentravelledonthesea.Itwasimportantforthemtoknow⁴______wouldhappenontheseaand⁵______itwassafetogotothesea.Byunderstandingthelawsofnature,peoplecanliveinnaturemoresafely.TheMaori'swordsfortheseaareonlyoneofmanyexamples.whatwhenwherewhyhowCompletethepassageusingthewordsfromthebox.howwhywherewhatwhenWorkinpairs.Talkabouthowpeoplelivebythelawsofnature.UsethewordsandexpressionsfromthereadingpassageandtheUsefulexpressionstohelpyou.NofishingfromMaytoSeptemberFrozenfruitinwinterBeekeepingUsefulexpressions•Accordingto…•…tellsushownatureworks…•It'scommonfor…•Itguides…•It'sgood/harmfulfor…•Therecanbeproblems…Workinpairs.Talkabouthowpeoplelivebythelawsofnature.UsethewordsandexpressionsfromthereadingpassageandtheUsefulexpressionstohelpyou.ItisthenaturalrulethatfishhavebabyfishfromMaytoSeptember.PeoplestopfishingintheseafromMaytoSeptember.Ithelpskeeptheecosysteminbalance.Student1:FromMaytoSeptember,nofishingisallowedinthesea.Doyouknowwhythisrulewasmade?Student2:No,Idon't.Why?Student1:Accordingtostudies,thesemonthsarethetimeforfishtohavebabyfish.Thisisjustthelawofnature.Peopleshouldlivebyittoprotectthefish.Student2:Isee.NowIunderstandhowwecankeepenoughfishforpeople.Student1:Yes,ithelpskeeptheecosysteminbalance.SampleWriting04Vocabularyenergetic/ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的例句：Sheisanenergeticgirlwholovesplayingsports.她是一个精力充沛的女孩，喜欢运动。energeticperson精力充沛的人例句：Heisanenergeticpersonandalwaysreadytohelpothers.他是个精力充沛的人，总是乐于助人。energeticactivity充满活力的活动例句：Dancingisanenergeticactivity.跳舞是一项充满活力的活动。keepenergetic保持精力充沛例句：Enoughsleephelpsuskeepenergeticeveryday.充足的睡眠帮助我们每天保持精力充沛。energyn.精力；能量例句：Youneedalotofenergytoclimbmountains.爬山需要很多精力。energeticallyadv.精力充沛地；积极地例句：Theyareworkingenergeticallyontheproject.他们正积极地投入这个项目。易混辨析：energeticvs.activeenergetic：强调精力足、有活力、不疲倦例句：Helooksenergeticevenafteralongwalk