吴伟仁义-英国文学史及选读1-2册复习大纲-上外资料文档

Part1TheAnglo—SaxonPeriod(449-1066)秧格鲁-撒克逊时期

LHistoricalBackground

Celts400B.C.Romans50B.C.

Anglo一Saxons450A.DNormanInvasion1066A.D.

Romanempire从albion撤军，teutonictribes(包括angles,Saxons,jutes)(条

顿人or日耳曼人)陆续登陆此地

2.Literature1,pagan异教徒文学2Christian基督徒文学alliterativeverse

头韵诗

Epic:Beowulf贝奥武甫(Denmark背景)(thehallheorot鹿厅，grendeka

monsterhalf-human)

1)Oralorigin,recitedincourt,handeddowningenerationsuntilfinallyitwas

recordedbycertainpoet.上下部分由pagan写，插入由Christian写

2)amixtureofhistoryandlegend.,england'snationalepic民国史诗

PartIITheAnglo-NormanPeriod(10664350)秧格鲁-诺曼时期

1.HistoricalBackground

Romanconquest,接着是englishconquest,最后是nonnanconquesto

TheNormanConquestin1066

DukeWilliamofNormandyclaimedhimselfWilliamI,KingofEngland,(the

battleofHastings希斯廷战役)

Kings一Barons男爵一Knights,afeudalsystemofhierarchy统治集团was

formed

2.Thelanguage

Upperclasses:French,LatinThecommonpeople:OldEnglish

Threelanguagesco-existedinEngland.Frenchbecametheofficiallanguage

usedbythekingandtheNormanlords;Latinbecametheprincipaltongueof

churchaffairsandinuniversities;andOldEnglishwasspokenonlybythe

commonEnglishpeople.

3.Theliterature

RomancewasatypeofliteraturethatwasverypopularintheMiddleAges.

Itisaboutthelifeandadventuresundertakenbyaknight.

Itreflectedthespiritofchivalry骑士制度.Thecontentofromance:love,

chivalryandreligion.Itinvolvesfighting,adventures.

Subjectmatle亡

Geoffrey\History杰弗里《史记》，rimingchronicles押韵编年史，

metricalverse格律诗体，doggerelverse打油诗体

1)theMatterofFranceeg.Charlemagneandhispeers查理曼大帝和他的

骑士

2)MatterofGreeceandRomeegAkexabder亚历山大大帝

3)MatterofBritaintalcshavingfortheirheroesArthurandhisknightsof

theRoundTable

3.mainliterature

SirGawainandthexreenknight,ji文爵士和绿衣骑士(arthur,

gawain,greenknight,morgainthefay-woman妖精摩根，thegreengirdle绿

腰带)

PartIIIGeoffreyChaucer(1340—1400)杰弗里•乔叟时期

1.HistoricalBackground

HewaslivingatthesametimeasthewriterofSirGawain.

In135()AD,100Years'WarbetweenEnglandandFrance.

TheEnglishwon,theycontrolledlargeFrenchterritory领土.TheHenryVI

lostitall.HeisfatherofEnglishpoetry

WaroftheRoses1455-1485AD

2.What'smiddleageslike?

1).Themedievalsociety:hierarchy等级制度socialsystem.

2).AnotherimportantthinginthemedievalsocietyisChristianity基督

God-centeredthinking,mindideology思想体系

3.LifeandworkofChaucer

Chaucerlivedbetween(1340-1400).Hislifeiscloselyconnectedwiththe

Kingandtheroyalfamily.Chaucerisworkinginaroyalfamilyasapage小

侍臣.HemarriedthesisterofGaunt'swife.Hebecameagovernment

officiaLHeisverymuchexposedtotheinfluenceofItalyoftheculture.E.G.

Dante但丁，Patriarch,主教Boccaccio-theDecameron懑伽丘著《十日

谈》,Chaucerchosethemetricalformwhichlaidthefoundationofthe

Englishtonico-syllabicverse.乔叟第一次在英国用韵脚韵律诗形式来创作

诗歌，开创了英国文学以重音-音节为基础的格律诗先河。首创heroic

couplet英雄双行体。

Hiscareercanbedividedintoseveralperiods

1.French1360-1370translateFrenchpoetry

2.Italian1372-1386

3.EnglishTheCanterburytales

4.TheCanterburytales

Hegothisstoriesfromvarioussources,Greekauthors,Romanauthors,Italian,

French,butthereisnodoubtaboutChaucer'soriginality.Heretellsthestories

inhisownway.Thestoriesaretoldbyagroupofpeopleontheirwaytoand

backfromCanterbury.Pilgrims朝圣者tellstoriestopassthetime.The

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journeyis

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usedasakindofdevicetounitethevarioustalesNun修女:Her

enthusiasmforgrace,tryingtobecomesomeonethatsheisnot,shecannot

possiblybe.—Pretentiousness,pretending伪装toomuch

Chaucerhasdifferentattitudetodifferentcharacters

第一句：assoonasaprilpiercestotheroot,thedroughtofmarch,andbathes

eachbudandshoot

Thesignificanceofhiswriting

1)itgivesacomprehensive广泛的pictureofChaucer'stime

2)thedramaticstructure

3)Chaucer'shumor

4)Chaucer'scontributiontotheEnglishlanguage.EversincetheNorman

ConquesttheFrenchlanguagewasthelanguageatthecourtandtheupper

classes,andLatinwasthelanguageofthelearnedandthechurch.Chaucer

usedthenativelanguageEnglishandprovedthattheEnglishlanguageisa

beautifullanguage.Heincreasedtheprestige威信oftheEnglishlanguage.

5.Popularballads大众民谣

Aballadisanarrative叙述poemthattellsastory.Itisaboutparticular

incidents,usuallydramatic.Balletstellstories-abouttragic悲剧的incidents.

Theyarewritteninaspecialmusicalpattern,balladmeter-fourmeters,

couplets(相连并押韵的两行诗)一

Iwolineinaunitorquatrain四行诗—ababeded

Characteristics:

1)Thebeginningisoftenabrupt突然地.Nointroductionofthecharacters

andthebackgroundofthetale

2)Therearestrongdramaticelements.Aballaddealswithasingleepisode

插曲〜

3)thestoryisoftentoldthroughdialogueandaction

4)thethemeisoftentragic悲剧的

5)Theballadmeterisused.Itcontainsfbur-linestanza节，段

在英国把民谣当文学形式研究的第一人是托马斯・帕西主教Bishop

ThomasPercy,他将民谣收录到《英诗辑古》ReiiqtiesofAncientEnglish

Poefry中,

RobinHoodandA/lin-a-Dale罗宾汉和阿林代尔Get5)andBartheDoor.

起来去关门SirPatrickSpens派屈克。斯宾塞爵士

PartIVTheRenaissance文艺复兴时期

1.HistoricalBackground

1)ThereignofQueenElizabeth(1558_1603)

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Englandenjoyedaperiodofpeaceandprosperity

2)ThedefeatoftheSpanishArmada舰队bytheEnglishnavyin1588.

Afterthebattle,Englandgraduallybecameamightynaval海军的power.

3)Humanism人文主义

Renaissance:itisaFrenchwordthatmeans“rebirth”复5舌inEnglish.In

the15thand16,hcentury,scholarsinwesternEuropeancountrieshada

keeninterestintheGreekandLatinculture.Thatistheartandscienceof

ancientGreeceandRomewerebeingbornagainafterlongyearsof

neglect.忽略

Humanism:

Thewelfare幸福ofhumanbeingisveryimportant.Itemphasestheworth

oflifeinthisworld,andthedignityofhumanbeing.

4)主要作者介绍

ThomasMore:Ulopia托马斯c莫尔：乌托邦

ThomasWyatt:怀亚特：把sonnet十四行诗弓I入英国第一人

EdmundSpenser:theFairyOueen埃德蒙c斯宾塞：仙后

JohnLyly:Eupheus约翰。黎里：艳词，首创euphuism绚丽体

ChristopherMarlowe:克里斯托弗。马洛：把blankverse无韵诗作为英浩

戏剧主要表达方式的开创者

Englishdrama是英国文艺复兴的主流

2.Thewriters

WilliamShakespeare(1564—1616)

1)Hislifeandwork

-1592,arrivedinLondondoingverymeanjobs,thenhejoinedLord

chamberlain's国王侍从company,becameveryfamous.

Hebecameashareholder股东intheGlobeandboughtabighouseinhis

hometown.Heboughtacoatofarmsforhisfathero出生地：Stratford-on-Avon,

Warwickshire-2poems,37plays,154sonnets

Hisplays-1,Historiesandcomedies2.Tragedies3.Romances

Theimportanceofhiswritin虱morecanbeadded)

1)Shakespearerepresentedthetread脚步ofhistoryingivingvoicetothe

desiresandaspirationsofthepeople.(peace)

2)Shakespeare\humanism.Hisplaysreflectedthespiritofhisage.

3Hcwasagreatpoet

4)HewasamasteroftheEnglishlanguage.

5)Hisfirstoriginalplaywritteninabout1590wasKingHenryVI

6)Hi血运哈姆雷特Othello,奥赛罗Kin父Lear,李尔王andtheTragedyof

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Macbeth麦克白areregardedasShakespearesfourgreattragedies.

独她更.•讲的是丹麦故事，反映的是英国的事情

主要人物：Claudius克劳迪斯，死去国王的弟弟，QueenGertrude乔特鲁得：

王子的母亲，Polonius波洛琉斯：爱说闲话的官员，Ophelia奥菲利亚：官

员的女儿，Laertes雷欧提斯：官员的儿子

TheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人

主要人物：Bassanio巴萨尼奥，Antonio安东尼奥，Shylock夏洛克:awealthy

Jew犹太人，Porlia鲍西亚：Bassanio'sgirlfriend,Jessica杰西卡：shylock's

daughter,Lorenzo罗兰佐：Bassanio'sfriendandJessica'sboyfriend,

Nerissa尼莉莎：Portia'swaiting-woman侍女,Gratiano:葛莱西安诺：

Bassanio'sanotherfriendandNerissa'sboyfriend

地点：Belmont贝尔蒙特

Sonnet18:

Thefirsteightlines:shallIcomparetheetoasummer\day?thouartmore

lovelyandmoretcmpcrat

—TheEnglishsummer:warm,nothot,givespeopleahappyfeeling,lotsof

sunshine

—Proposingacomparison：Evenbettertoasummer'sday

—Roughwinds——nature,Theduration持续ofsummer:endsverysoon,

Hot_thesun

Summerisbeautiful,butitwillchangeintowinter,But-change

ThispoemissimilartheSpencer'斯宾塞ssonnets

Spencerisusingtide潮水—time,

Shakespeareisusingsummer-time

Sonnet29:

Thefirsteightlines:"when,indisgracewithfortuneandmen'seyes,Iall

alone"unlucky,unfortunatedespisedbyotherpeople

Describeshisunfavorablecondition,thereforeheisverysad.

Line9-12：Theauthor—thelark云雀

Hisgreathappiness-thememoryofhisfriendbringshishappiness

-Magicaleffect

FrancisBacon:十七世纪初，英国的杰出散文家

1.hislife：Pope蒲柏descibedhimasthewisest,brightes,meanstofmankind,

Bacon'sworkmaybedividedintothreeclasses,thephilosophical,the

literary,andtheprofessionalworks.Thefinaleditionofessayscontains58

essays.

2.writing

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（Of»〃统,谈真奔OfStud湫谈读书）

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PartVThe17thcenturyTheperiodofrevolutionandrestoration.17

世纪资产阶级与王政复辟时期

1.HistoricalBackground

1)EnglishBourgeoisRevolution英国资产阶级革命

DuringthereignofElizabeth,Englandenjoyedatimeofprosperityandfast

development.JamesI(Stuart斯图亚特王室)，achangeofDynasty,allthe

conflicts,whichhasstartedduringElizabethreign,hascomeintosurface.

JamesIimposed担负的heavetaxesonbusinessmen,bourgeoisie,he

controlledthemanufactureproduct_monopoly垄断，butpeoplebelievedin

freetrade

KingVS.TheParliament(hasthesupportofthecapitalistsandbusinessmen

andalsothePuritans清教徒)

2)thepersecution迫害者ofthePuritans

CharlesIwasbeheaded砍头.AfterthecivilWar,theparliamentwasin

powerCrowell克罗韦尔becametheLordProtector(1653)Charles

II,andrestoration,JamesII

WilliamOrangesinged"TheBillofRights”whichgreatlyrestricted约束

thepoweroftheEnglishKing.Thecivilwarhastransformedthecountiy

fromtyrannytoaconstitutionalmonarch.

Therevolutionperiodisalsocalledpuritanage,becausetheEnglish

revolutionwascarriedoutunderareligiouscloak

2,literature

这一时期的四约翰(JohnMilton弥尔顿,JohnBunyan班扬，JohnDonne

多恩，JohnDryden德莱顿)成为文坛杰出人物，metaphysicalpoet玄学

派andFrenchdrama的影响成为两个重要的文学概念。Theliteratureof

themiddleandlaterperiodsofthe17thcenturycultimatedinthepoetryof

Milton,intheprose散文writingofBunyan,andalsointheplaysand

literarycriticism文学评论ofDryden.Miltonandbunyanrepresentedthe

extremeofEnglishlifeinthe17thcentury.Onegaveustheonlyepic史诗

sinceBeowolf,theothergaveustheonlygreatallegory寓言.

2.Writers

JohnDonne:玄学派代表人物

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JohnMilton：ParadiseLost失乐园:consistsof12books(it'sbasedonthe

biblicallegend,invovlvesAdom亚当andEve夏娃，Satan撒旦inhisplot)

ThecharacterofSatan撒旦：既是英雄又带点邪恶色彩的反叛者形象we

thinkofSataneitherasanabstractconceptionassomeoneinwhomevilis

mixedwithgoodbutwhoisdoomedtodestruction毁灭bytheflaw缺点of

slef-love.

1.hisgoodmastery熟练ofLatin

HiswritingofEnglishismuchinfluencedbyhisuseofLatin

2.revolutionaryenthusiasm

Hisattempttothrowtyranny暴政andgainfreedom

Hislanguage

—Long,complexsentencestructures

—Allusions影射，referencestoBible,history,mythology神话

—Somesentencesbegininthemiddleorattheend.Someareinverted

JohnBunyan

Thebook:TheProgress天路历程,il'swritteninthe

old-fash-ioned,medievalformofallegoryanddream.采用的旧体形式，大

量运用了中世纪时的比喻和梦的形式。TnthePilgrim'sProgress,thestory

beginswithamancalledChristian1基督徒settingoutwithabookinhis

handandagreatload负荷onhisbackfromthecityofDestruction毁灭城.

Thefair-Englandthepersecution迫害ofthefaithful,thepersecutionof

thepuritans清教徒.

Christ基督一Vanity虚荣心Fair—Heaven

Style:simple,straightforward,Biblical圣经的

“TheVanity虚荣心Fair,“anExcerpt摘录fromPart1ThePilgrim's

Progress

PartVIThe18thCentury

TheAgeofEnlightenmentinEngland英国启蒙运动时期

1.HistoricalBackground

In1688,theconstitutional宪法的monarchy君主制.Themonarchwas

deprived剥夺ofitsrulingpowerandinhisplaceParliament议会becamethe

actualleaderofthecountry.Englandgrewfromasecondratecountrytoa

powerfulnavalcountry.

Parliamentaryparties:theliberalWhig自由派辉格党,theconservativeTory，呆

守派托利党，ontheextremeofToryismwasathirdpartofzealots,calledthe

Jacobites,whoaimedtobringtheStuartsbacktothethrone.托利党中的狂热

分子形成第三方势力被称作詹姆斯派，妄图恢复斯图亚特王朝

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Allthestruggles,violencehascometoanendwiththeconingoftheweak

kings.

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Peopledesirepeaceandstability

Anyextremeactionsareregardedasirrational.无理性Thepuritan'srevolution

istreatedasextremistaction,excessive过度的zeal热情andsubversion颠覆,

irrationality不合理性,absurdity荒谬.Peoplewishthattheiractionswere

controlledbyreason.

Moderation温和，tolerance宽容，restraint约束，rule规则,order次序,these

qualitiesarethemostimportant.

Withtherisingofbourgeoisie,theculturallifehadundergone经历remarkable

changes.Somespecialfeatures:

1)politicalwritings

2)newspapersandjournals杂志

3)coffeehouse

4)thenewmorality道德

5)scienceandtechnology

Newton"顿'sscientificdiscoverymenwerelivinginamechanistic机械

地worldwhichranasprecisely精确地asaclock.

6)theFrenchinfluence

18世纪的英国文学进入了一个散文prose而不是诗歌的时代。文学主流

是现实主义，小说是主要的文学样式

Authors

1.DanielDefoe丹尼尔。笛福

作者介绍：Heisoftengiventhecreditforthediscoveryofthemodern

novel.开创了现代派小说的先河。

Work：tothePi〃ory立伽颂.aseiofdoggerelverses打油诗

Thelifestrangesu门)risingadventuresofrobinsoncrusoe鲁滨

逊漂流记：robinsonnamedFridaytothesavedvictim,此书根据Alexander

Selkirk经历改编.

Thefeaturesofhisworks:heisanti-romantic,anti-feudalrealisticwriter.He

oftenuselongsentenceswithoutstrongpausedtogivehisstylean

immediatequliaty,buttheunitsofmeaningaresmallandclearwithfrequent

repetitionsothatthewritinggivesanimpressionofsimplelucidity.明朗

2.Jonathanswift乔纳森。斯威夫特

1)life:HewasborninDublin都柏林(爱尔兰首都),Hewasthemost

remarkablesatirist讽而J家inthe18thcenturywhocriticizedthenew

bourgeois-aristocratic贵族的societyofhisagewithmercy.宽容，he

supportstheconservativeTory

2)works:

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thetaleofatub木桶的故事isasatireonreligion.

Gulliver'sTravels格列弗游记:包括4部分1,Lilliputians厘厘普特

人：矮人，2,tBrobdingnagians伯罗白丁拉格人：giants,3,the

flyingislandofLaputa拉普特飞岛:ontheisland,theingenious

inventionisusednotforthebenefitofthepeople,butagainstthem,4,

Houyhnhnms胡己姆：horses,endowedv/ithhumanintelligenceanda

virtuemuchsuperiortothatofmen.比人聪明,也比人品格高尚。And

Yahoo雅虎：repellentcreatureswiththeoutwardappearanceofhuman

beings.长相像人，行为丑陋

Amodestproposal—个小小的建议:ismadetoEnglishgovernmentto

relieve消除thepoverty权力ofirishpeople。强烈谴责了英国对爱尔

兰人民的剥削和压迫。Thebitterironyofthepamphletexpresses

swift'sgreatsympathyfortheoppressedandhungrypeasantsofIreland

andhisangeratEnglishlandlords地主

3)Joseph八ddison约瑟夫。爱迪生

Life:heisthecentralfigureofcoffeehousemeetings.,hesupportwhigs,作

为The闲谈者得主要撰稿人和theSpactator旁观者得合办者,他把

期刊散文艺术发展到极致，这两本杂志broughtliteraturedowntoeveryday

lifeandkeptitcleanandwholesome健康。Thesetwomagazinesarethefirst

importantrecognitionsbyliteratureofthespecialofthespecialinterestsof

womenreaders.SirRoger是他塑造的经典形象。

4)HenryFielding亨利。菲尔丁：英国十八世纪最伟大的小说家。主要作品：

JonathanWild乔纳森。威尔德,thehistoryoftoutjones,afoundling弃婴

汤姆。琼斯的故事,amelia阿米莉亚

5)ThomasGray托马斯。格雷5良漫主义运动的先驱。主要作品Elegywritten

inacountrychurchyard墓园挽歌：表达了对农民贫苦遭遇的同情，歌颂了

他们的质朴品质。前几句是"thecurfewtollstheknellofpartingday,the

lowingherdwindslowlyo'erthelea

6)OliverGoldsmith奥利弗。歌尔德斯密斯:hewasborninIreland.Asan

essayist散文家，heisamongthebestinthecentury.Asapoet,hemakesthe

rimingcouplets英雄双行体asnaturalandsimpleashisprose.主要作品：

novel：thevicarofwakefield维克菲德尔的牧师,comcdySAestoopsto

Conquer委曲求全、essay:纺ecrjHzenoftheworld世界公民、poems:T/ze

traveler旅行者andtheDesertedVillage.荒村

7)RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德。布林斯里。谢里丹:主要作品：讽剌

喜居lj：therivals对手,theschoolforscandal造谣学校:(presentsabrilliant

portrayal描绘ofenglancfshighsocietyandabitingsatireonthemoralsand

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mannersofthatage.主要人物:Charles查尔斯,Joseph约瑟夫:Charles,

brother,sirOliversurface奥利弗。萨费恩：theirwealthyuncle)

8)WilliamBlake(1757—1827)

l)Life

Helivedintothe19thcentury.Inhislifetime,hewasnotconsideredavery

importantpoet.Nowheisuniversallyacknowledgedasoneofthemost

importantpoetsinEnglishliterature.Hisfatherrecognizedhistalentandsent

himtoschool.

Hisvisionary梦想的experience:

Classicism典范：reason,order,law,arttechniques

Hebelievedthepowerofimagination.Withitapoetcanreachout.Blakeand

Burns彭斯一theromanticrevival复活一tobreakawaywiththeconvention习

俗，协议

2)Hiswork

SongsofInnocence天真之歌—delight

SOHRSofExperience经验之歌Tconfusion困惑

Theyshowtwocontrarystatesofhumansouls

LondonAwanderthro,eachcharter?dstreet,nearwherethe

ItistakenfromTheSongsofExperience.Blakeapparentlydrewfromhis

personalobservationsandgivesacomprehensive综合的pictureofthemany

miseries,physicalandspiritual,intheEnglishcapital.资本家

Background:industrialrevolution,thefogcity

ThescenewasinLondon,inBlake'stime.

TheTVgerztiger!tiger!burningbrightintheforestsofthenight

ItisfromTheSongsofExperience.ItisoneofBlake'sbestknownpoems.The

apparentlysimplequestionsofcuriosityandpuzzlement.Whatimagination

inspiresthecreator

1.Theimageofthemakeriscomplete.theprocessofcreatingtiger.

Religionsallusion暗指:lamb羊羔

Thewholepoemisconsistedofquestions-arenotabletobeanswered

TheChimney-Sweeper扫烟囱的孩子:alittleblackthingamongthesnow

cring^^weep,weep“innotesofwoe!

Theshortlyriccontainschieflythesimpleyetsomewhatironicalspeechofa

boychimney

9)RobertBurns罗伯特。彭斯:thegreatestScottishpocst.主要作品：my

heart'sinthehighlands我的心呀在高原，JohnAnderson,myjo约翰。安徒

生,我爱,ared,redrose一朵红红的玫瑰,loamouse致小鼠

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PartVIITheRomanticPeriod浪漫主义时期

AnewmovementappearedintheliteraryareawiththepublicationofLyrical

Ballads抒情歌谣集WilliamWordsworth威廉华兹华斯andSamulTaylor.

Coleridge柯勒律治in1798.Coleridge'schiefcontributionwashis

masterpieceTherimeoftheancientmariner古舟子咏

1.HistoricalBackground

FrenchRevolution,AmericanRevolution,TheIndustrialRevolution

2.IntellectualBackground

Rousseau卢梭(1712—1778)theFrenchphilosopher,isgenerallyregarded

asthefatherofromanticism.

EnglishRomanticism:akindofemotionaloutlook,anattitudetowardslife.

Individualisthecenterofalllifeandexperience,castitseyeonhuman

being,individual,theintense强烈的subjectivity主观性,concernedwith

nature,expresssstronglikefornature.Interestinsupernatural;takean

interestinthepast——ancientcivilizationrepresentedbyGreeceandRome.

1832wastheyeartheRomanticwriterScottdies

1836wastheyearwhenQueenVictoriainheritedthethrone,thestartof

VictorianAge.

Theoldergeneration:Wordsworth,Coleridge

Theyoungergeneration:Byron拜伦，Shirley雪莱，andKeats济慈

Characteristicfeaturesoftheromanticmovementmorecanbeadded)

(1)Subjectivism主观主义：imagination.

(2)Spontaneity自发性：Aworkofartmustbeoriginal.Theroleofinstinct

本能，intuition直觉,andthefeelingofutheheart“isstressed.

(3)Singularity奇怪：Romanticpoetshaveastronglovefortheremote,the

unusual,thestrange,thesupernatural,themysterious,thesplendid壮丽

的,thepicturesque生动的,andtheillogical.

(4)Worshipofnature:

(5)Simplicity:Romanticpoetstaketousingeverydaylanguagespokenby

therustic乡村的people.Areviva复活offolkliterature,asenseof

universalbrotherhood,agrowingsympathyforthesufferingofthe

people.

(6)Thereisadominatingnoteofmelancholy忧郁的inthepoemsofthe

romanticpoets.

(7)Theuseoffreeverseform

ThecharacteristicsofGothicnovels(searchfromtheGoogle)

Authors

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WilliamWordsworth(1770—1850)威廉。华兹华斯

1.hislife

Hislovefornatureisboundless.Tohimnaturemeansmorethanrivers,trees,

rocks,mountainsandlakes.Naturehasamoralvalueandhasits

philosophicalsignificance.Natureisforhimtheembodiment体现ofthe

Divine神圣的Spirit.HebelievestheGodanduniverseareidentical同一

的

2,hiswork:大部分主题是关于natureandcountrylife.主要有：lines

composed〃%wmilesabovetinteEabbey丁登寺,theprelude序曲,the

excursion漫游,miscellaneous十四行诗

课文节选：

TintemAbbey丁登寺

Itisameditation思考onhismental精神的grownup成年人

Selected挑选出的reading:

SheDwe〃/女theUntrodden她住在人际罕见的路边:悼亡露西

Itravelled勿〃。〃女unknownmen我在陌生人中孤独旅行

Iwonderedlonelyasacloud我好似一朵孤独的流云:it'saboutthe

beautyofnature.thereisvividpictureofthedaffodilshere,mixedwiththe

poet'sphilosophicalandsomewhatmysticalthoughts.

TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦女:在抒情中表达了华兹华斯的自然观，

具有林秀之气和音韵之美。

SoonetcomposeduponWestminsterbridge在西敏寺桥上

Soonet:London1802

GeorgeGordonByron乔治。戈登。拜伦

HismajorcontributionofromanticliteratureisthecreationofByronichero冷

笑而浪漫的主角，amixtureofgoodandevil.

Byronishardtodescribe,moody喜怒无常，unstable,sensitive,melancholy忧

郁，sad,hedeliberately故意地exile流放himselftoaforeign,daredtodie.

TheearlydeathoftheRomanticpoets-iinage:thepoetwillnevergrowold.

Poetsdieyoung.Theyhavereachedtheirpeak.

Reading

Works:ChildeHarold飞pi收rima父e恰尔德。哈罗尔德游记、Cain该隐,Done

血an唐璜

课文节选：

1.SheWalksinBeauty她走在美的光彩中

Thisperfectbeautyservesastheidealforthepoet,peace.Harmony.和睦

2,ChildeHarold'spilgrimage恰尔德。哈罗尔德游记

第12页，共24页

whenwebroparted想从前我们两分手

第12页，共24页

4.TheIslesofGreece颂希腊

Itistakenfrom“DonJucui唐壬黄'.ItisamongByron'smosteffective

poeticalutteranceonnationalfreedom.Allthe16stanzas节thatconstituted

thesongaresupportedtohavebeensungbyaGreeksingeratthewedding

feast宴会ofDonJuanandHaideeonanisleofGreece.

ThepastgloryoftheGreekpeople

Thepresentstateofenslavement奴役bytheTurkey土耳其

PercyByssheShelley(1792-1822)珀西。比西。雪莱

Hewasrebellious反抗的fromaveryyoungage.Hewasapersonofextreme

personality.Hewroteabouttheuniverse,lark宇宙sky.

主要作品:pamphletthenescessityofatheism无神论的重要性,mab

麦布女王,adonais阿多尼斯,。加tothew加d西风颂,toaskylark致

云雀

课文节选：

Ozymandias奥西曼禅斯

HewasapharaohofEgypt.Hehadseveralstatues雕像ofhimselfbuiltafter

hedied.这首诗借埃及历史上的拉美西斯二世嘲讽封建专制，表达了对专制

帝王的厌恶和蔑视。同时表明，尽管专制帝王曾经不可一世，但也不过是

过往烟云，专制政权可以延续几百年，但在历史长河中不过是一瞬之间。

Antique古董的land:Egypt,earliestcivilization.文明

Asong:manofengland给英国兰人的歌

OdetotheW加d:Ode:itisusedtoexpressthepoefsfeelingsand

emotion.在此诗中，使人抒发了对大自然的热爱，歌颂了西风摧毁旧事物，

孕育新事物的精神。诗歌以“如果冬天来了，春天还会远吗”结尾。

Thecloud：反映的是一个争取独立和追求亘福的人物形象。

Toa致云盛：运用云雀美妙的歌声,反映诗人向往美好未来的欢

乐心情，表达他渴望自己也能用同样空灵的曲调宣扬革命理想，获得世人

的倾听。是诗人追求理想主义的光辉诗篇。

JohnKeats约翰。济慈(1795—1821)

“Athingofbeautyisajoyforever”.他一生崇尚美，追求美。

Hewasborninalowerclassfamily.Heabandonedmedicineforpoetrysimply

foritsbeauty.Heisphysicallysmall.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewaseight.His

childhoodwasquitemiserable.Histombarecarved:44Hereliesaonewhose

nameiswrittenwithwater.^^此地长眠者，声明水上书

课文节选:Onfirstlookingintochapman'shomer初读查普曼译荷马诗有

感。Odetoani史hiin史ale夜莺颂odeonaGrecian希腊古翁颂,to

autumn秋颂,brightstar灿烂的星

第13页，共24页

Walterscott华特。司各特：欧洲历史小说之父

这个时代的不同时期*theCrusades,theriseofabsolutemonarchy,the

bourgeoisrevolutioninEngland,theattemptstorestorefeudalisminthe18lh

century.十字军时期，君主专制制度的兴起，英格兰资产阶级革命，18四级

欲恢复封建主义的尝试

Hishistoricalnovelpavedthepathforthedevelopmentoftherealisticnovelof

the19山century.他的历史小说为19世纪现实主义小说的发展铺平了道路，

主要作品介绍；威弗利工establishitsauthorasanovelist奠定了作

者的小说家帝王，St.Ronan勺well圣罗南之泉：istheonlycontemporary

novelamongtheworksofscotlCountroberi巴黎的罗伯特伯爵：thelast

ofscott'snovels

课文节选：ivanhoe艾凡赫主要地点：cedric'sball大厅,ashbydelazouche

阿什贝.德.拉.左克,isaacofyork约克城,knightstemplar吞不拉司陀圣殿

骑士院

重点词汇:pilgrim朝圣者

Robroy罗布罗伊重点句子/inthefirstselectionfrancis'meetingwith

rohroyisdescribed.Thesecondselectionvividlydepictsaskirmish战斗

betweenthehighlanders高地居民andtheeng【ish

JaneAustin

Literature:乡村生活是她小说的主要题材。全部作品：northangerabbey

诺桑觉寺，persuasion劝导，senseandsensibility理智与情感，prideand

prejudice傲慢与偏见，mansfieldpark曼斯菲尔德花园andemma艾玛

课文节选：PrideandPrejudice

Thisbookmainlytellsofthelovestorybetweenarich,proudyoungman

DarcyandthebeautifulandintelligentElizabethBennet.Mr.Bennet,a

clergyman牧师whohasmarriedyoungandrashly轻率地,isskeptical怀疑的

ofconventional常规的marriageandhasnogoodwordsforhisbeautiful

daughtersexceptElizabeth.Mrs.Bennetisabeautifulbutempty-headed,

sn