高二下期英语加强第一讲

2026届高二下期英语加强第一讲国际音标+句子成分及基本句型讲义一.国际音标二.拼读词汇adequate/ˈædɪkwət/足够的aggressive/əˈɡresɪv/adj.侵略性的；积极进取的betray/bɪˈtreɪ/v.背叛；泄露abolish/əˈbɒlɪʃ/v.废除，取消acquaint/əˈkweɪnt/v.使熟悉，使了解adhere/ədˈhɪə/v.坚持；粘附adjacent/əˈdʒeɪsənt/adj.邻近的，毗连的affiliate/əˈfɪlieɪt/v.使附属；加盟alleviate/əˈliːvieɪt/v.减轻，缓解ambiguous/æmˈbɪɡjuəs/adj.模棱两可的amplify/ˈæmplɪfaɪ/v.放大；增强analogy/əˈnælədʒi/n.类比，比拟anonymous/əˈnɒnɪməs/adj.匿名的anticipate/ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/v.预期，预料applaud/əˈplɔːd/v.鼓掌；称赞apprehensive/ˌæprɪˈhensɪv/adj.忧虑的arrogant/ˈærəɡənt/adj.傲慢的ascertain/ˌæsəˈteɪn/v.查明，确定lt/n./v./əˈskraɪb/v.把……归因于assault/əˈsɔːlt/n./v.攻击，袭击bewilder/bɪˈwɪldə/v.使困惑，使不知所措casualty/ˈkæʒuəlti/n.伤亡人员coincide/ˌkəʊɪnˈsaɪd/v.同时发生；一致collaborate/kəˈlæbəreɪt/v.合作三．英语语法基本概念十大词类名词Noun形容词Adjective副词Adverb动词Verb代词Pronoun数词Numeral介词Preposition连词Conjunction冠词Article感叹词Interjection四．句子成分必须有的句子成分：主语(subject)谓语(predicate)可以有的句子成分：宾语(object)定语(attribute)状语(adverbial)补语(plement)表语(predicative)同位语(appositive)No.1主语1.Onethirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（）2.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（）3.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（）4.WhatbenefitsmosttheirstudyisreadingEnglishbooks.()5.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.（）6.Writinganessayisadifficultprocessformostpeople.（）7.It’surgentforstudentsthemselvestoimprovetheirselfdiscipline（）roundout使变圆；使更完美；圆满结束No.2谓语简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,estoLondon.（）复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghighervalueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.（）（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.()拓展：系动词(6大类别）状态系动词：用来表示主语状态的只有be动词taste......el、smell、sound、taste......表象系动词：表示外观的概念主要有seem、appear、look......终止系动词：表示主语结束了动作，主要有prove、turnout......表示“证实”、“成为”的意思。持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或维持某种情况或态度，主要有keep、remain、stay、lie、stand......变化系动词：表示主语是怎样的，主要有bee、grow、turn、fall、get、go、e、run......No.3宾语FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonsto...”（）I’dappreciateitifyoutakemyinvitationintoconsideration.（）...，dronescouldalsostartprovidinghighervalueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.（）4.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.（）5.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（）6.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（）7.Hepretendednottoseeme.（）No.4表语1.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance.（）2.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.（）3.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorning....（）4.Needlesstosay,theyweredeeplymoved.（）5.MydreamistobeeanEnglishteacher.()6.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（）7.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（）No.5定语1.Fruitjuices,milkbaseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax.（）2.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.（）3.Throughouthercareerasaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK.（）4.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.（）5.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfastmovingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.（）动名词VS现在分词虽然现在分词与动名词的格式完全相同，但它们在句子中的作用却是有明显的区别的。1.动名词相当于名词，所以在句子中可以充当的成分与名词类似，即主要充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。而现在分词的作用类似于副词和形容词，在句子中主要充当状语、定语、补语、表语等。Hearingthenoise,theyimmediatelystoppedtalking.一听到有声音，他们立刻就停止谈话。(现在分词作状语)Heaskedanembarrassingquestion.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。(现在分词作定语)Growingrosesisherhobby.种玫瑰是她的爱好。(动名词作主语）Shelikestalkingverymuch.她很喜欢讲话。(动名词作宾语）No.6状语1.AdditionallyfromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobepleted..（）2.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.（）No.7补语1.Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmoremeaningful.（）2.WesincerelywishyouaquickrecoveryandanearlyreturntoChina.（）3.BeijingwillmaketheChineseculturebetterknowntoBritishstudents.（）No.8同位语1.ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,estoLondon.（）2.ThenewsthatPremierLiKeqiangpassedawayonOct.27madeChinesepeopledeeplysad.（）五．简单句的五种基本句型1.动作（动词）可以独立完成的动作主语+不及物动词Michaelsleeps.SV2.有1个动作的承受者主语+单及物动词+宾语Michaellikesyou.SVO3.有2个动作的承受者主语+双及物动词+间宾+直宾IteachyouEnglish.SVOO4.有1个动作的承受者（但需补充）主语+复杂及物动词+宾语+宾补Iconsideryousmart.SVOC非“动作”5.主语+系动词+表语Michaelistall.SVP（连系动词）Michaelisintheroom.Michaellookstall.六．句子类型按句子的结构可分三种：1.简单句(SimpleSentence)：一个主语+一个谓语2.并列句(poundSentence)：≥2个简单句，由并列连词或分号连接3.复合句(plexSentence)：主句+从句（≥1）长难句分析正确分析英语长难句是英语语法的综合运用能力的体现。一般长难句有3种形式：含有分隔结构的句子1.分隔结构在英语表达中经常出现，它的作用主要是调整语序、补充信息以及平衡句子结构。大体分为两类：其他插入成分和正常句子成分顺序调整。2.被从句拉长的简单句这类句子较长，有时甚至出现一个从句套另一个从句、环环相扣的情况，导致在阅读过程中往往读了几遍还不理解整个句子的结构。常用来拉长简单句的从句是定语从句和状语从句。3.多个并列句构成的长句首先找到并列连词(and、so、but、or等)，然后将长句分解成多个分句，厘清各分句的内部结构和句意，然后再综合考虑全句，即可明确整句话想表达的意思。【真题试做】——感悟高考中的语法一、句子成分1.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)So,whataretheylearning?_________(basic),howtodescribeapanda’slife.It’sbeenanhonortowatchthepandaprogrammedeveloptoseethepandassettleintotheirnewhome.2.(2023·全国乙卷)Theremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.3.(2023·浙江1月卷)Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,linedby___________(space)homesandwalledgardens.Fartherfromthecenterlivedthemonersandlaborers.二、句子结构1.(2024·浙江1月卷)Eitheryourshoppingisthentooheavytocarryhome______youcan’tusewhatyou’veboughtwhileit’sstillfresh.2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chineseculturalelementsmemorating(纪念)TangXianzu,_________isknownas“theShakespeareofAsia,”addaninternationalcharactertoStratford­upon­Avon,WilliamShakespeare’shometown.3.(2022·全国乙卷)The“FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiative”issued(发布)attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytoetogethertopromoteinternationalcooperationculturalexchanges.考点针对训练Ⅰ.语法与教材1.(人教必修一)Nomatterwhatyouwanttolearn,itisimportant____________(decide)onyourgoalbeforeyoumakeaplan.2.(外研必修一)Iwokeupearlyrushedoutofthedoorinmyeagernesstogettoknowmynewschool.3.(译林选必一)Icanpicturemybedroom(decorate)withpostersofFabFoursmilingdownatme...4.(人教选必一)AlbertEinstein...isoftenconsideredoneofthesmartestmen__________everlived.5.(外研必修三)Itisstillnotknownifhe(succeed)inreachingthetopofQomolangmabeforeittookhislife.6.(北师大选必一)We’rehardwiredin,butwe’remoredisconnected______ever.7.(人教选必二)wecansay,however,isthatcultureandcuisinegohandinhand,andifyoudonotexperienceone,youcanneverreallyknowtheother.8.(译林选必二)Doesitannoyyoutoseecars(block)theroadlikeweedswhenyouaretravelling?9.(译林选必三)(spend)sometimeinthegymisofvitalimportancetoastronauts’health.10.(外研选必二)Buton(reflect),Icanseehowmuchofmytimehadbeenoccupiedwithcheckingmyphone.Ⅱ.语法与高考IclimbedKilimanjarowithLavaExpeditions(探险队)duringtherainyseason.I1.____________(fly)toNairobiinKenyaandspentseveraldaysthere.AtmyhotelinNairobiImettherestofthegroupwithwhomIwouldspendthenextweek.Wealltravelledonthebustogetherfor2.____________8­hourjourneyintoTanzaniaandthenArusha,aquietplace.AfterwearrivedatourhotelinArusha,wehaddinnerandafewdrinks.Thenwe3.____________(introduce)tomoremembersincludingTaddeusMinja,themainguide,4.____________wasveryexperienced—climbingKilimanjarorunsinthegenerationsofhisfamily.ThenextdaytheLavaExpeditionsmemberscheckedifwehadthecorrectandenoughclothingforourexpeditiononKilimanjaro.Onlyonepersonneededtobring5.____________(many)clothes.Afterthatwesetoff,6.____________(walk)intherainthroughthebeautyoftherainforest,allthewaytothefirstcamp.Iwashappythenextfewdaysastheviewwasso7.____________(wonder)andchangedeveryday.IsufferedalittleduringthetripandIfeltsotired.ButthemembersofLavaExpeditionsprovidedmewithlotsofencouragement,whichwasoneofthebest8.____________(memory).FinallywereachedthetopofKilimanjaroinbrightblueskies.IfeltexcitedaboutclimbingKilimanjaroandthefeelingdidn’tchangeduring