福建省宁德市高中毕业班五月份质量检测英语试题含听力

2025届宁德市普通高中毕业班五月份质量检测英语（试卷满分：150分，考试时间：120分钟）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．£19.15.B．£9.18.C．£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillbethespeakers’firstclasstoday?A.French. B.Physics. C.English.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Idon’tlikeMondaymornings.Thefirsttwolessonsarephysics.Mybrainisn’treadyforthataftertheweekend.W:Haven’tyouheard?Theteacherisill.So,thismorningwe’rehavingFrenchfirst,thenEnglish.M:Well,Isupposethatisbetter.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydoesthemancallthewoman?A.Toorderdrinks. B.Totakeadayoff. C.Tochecktheweather.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:IwantedtocallandletyouknowIcouldn’tgotoworktoday.I’mabitundertheweather.W:That’sfine.Drinklotsofwaterandgetbettersoon!3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anewplanet. B.Achemicalelement. C.Ascienceexperiment.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Didyouknowthathydrogenisthemostmonelementontheplanet?Itmakesuparound80%ofourworld.M:Ihearditmakesupsomeofthehumanbodyaswell.W:True!Andithelpstoproduceenergyinthebody.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanwant?A.Productpromotion. B.Apayrise. C.Morefreetime.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Myjobisrewarding,andIstillhaveapassionfortheproductswesell,butIneedabetterworkandlifebalance.W:Isee,dear.Increasingfreetimewouldhelpgreatly.M:Exactly.IjusthopeIcanmaintainthesamepayrate.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersprobablydoing?A.Paintingforanartgallery.B.Makingaschoolartcreation.C.DecoratingTommy’sbedroom.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Tommy,putmoreglueonthepaperandcolorthisonered.M:Allright,Mom.Canyoucutitforme?Ms.BerrysaidIshouldn’tusescissorsuntilthefirstgrade.W:She’sright.Andshe’sgoingtolovethiscreationwhenyouhanditintohertomorrow.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatisthedogafraidof?A.Loudnoises. B.Bigcrowds. C.Brightlights.7.WherewillthespeakercelebrateSpringFestival?A.Inaquietcity. B.Inacountryhotel. C.Inalakehouse.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】W:Yourdoglooksverythin.Issheokay?M:No,she’snoteating.Shealwaysgetsscaredatthistimeofyear.Toomanyfireworks.Shedoesn’tmindthelights.It’sjustthesoundwhenthey’resetoff.W:Poorthing.YoushouldtakeherawayfromthecityduringtheSpringFestival.M:Iwould,butit’shardtofindhotelsthattakedogs.W:Myfriendhasalakehouseinthecountryside.Weshouldgotheretogethernextyear.M:Thatwouldbenice.W:Wecanhaveourownquietcelebration.M:Soundsgood.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Howmanyticketsdoesthewomanneed?A.Three. B.Five. C.Two.9.WhydoesthewomangiveupseeingSilence?A.Herchildrenarenotoldenough.B.Herchildrendislikescarymovies.C.HerchildrenwanttoseePeterPan.10.Whattypeoffilmwillthewomanprobablysee?A.Ascarymovie. B.Acartoonmovie. C.Asuperheromovie.【答案】8.B9.A10.C【解析】【原文】p.m..oadultticketsandthreechildrenticketsforSilenceat8:30p.m..M:I’msorry,ma’am,SilenceisanRratedmovie.Thesemoviesarerestrictedtoviewersundertheageof17.Sosorry,it’sanewcinemarule.W:Oh,mymistake,Iwasn’tawareofthis.Weshouldn’tallseeascarymovieanyway.Itprobablywouldn’thavebeenproperforourchildren.M:Well,wehaveDisney’sPeterPanat8:20p.m.,butthesecartoonfilmsaremainlyforyoungerchildren.OrwehaveSpidermanplayingat8:45p.m.W:Theymightnotbeintocartoons.Butwealllovesuperherofilms,and8:45p.m.isperfect.That’llgiveustimetogetdrinksandpopcorn.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whatisthewoman’sconcernabouttheblacktruck?A.Itssalesprice. B.Itsfuelconsumption. C.Itspollutionproblem.12.Wherearethespeakers?A.InChina. B.InIndia. C.InNorway.13.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Purchaseanelectrictruck.B.Searchfornewcarsonline.C.Seethelatestgreenvehicles.【答案】11.B12.C13.C【解析】【原文】W:Thisblacktruckseemsperfectfordailydriving.Buthowmanykilometersdoesitgetperliteroffuel?M:Around12kmperliter.W:Isee.Withtoday’sgasprices,thatmightbeunaffordable.Arethereothersthatuselessfuel?M:SureMiss.Butyouknow,electricvehiclesarethefuture.HereinNorway,almost75%ofnewcarssoldareelectric.Plus,Norwayplanstoremovepetrolvehiclesfromthemarketinthenearfuture.W:Wow,areothercountriessupportingthisaswell?M:Sure.ChinaandWesternEuropeareleadingintheproductionanduseofelectriccars.Andmanycountries,includingIndiaandSouthKorea,haveplannedtoremovepetrolcarsentirelywithinthedecade.W:It’sanewgeneration,isn’tit?M:That’sright.Andinthefuture,we’llallbenefitfromhavingcleanerandfresherair.W:CanIgetanelectrictruck?Oraremostofthesegreenvehiclessmaller?M:Theyeinallshapesandsizes.Let’shavealookatthenewestmodelswehaveinourshowroom.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatdoesthewomando?A.Aneventorganizer. B.Asportsreporter. C.AnOlympicjudge.15.WhendidthewomanstarttoarrangetheOlympicGames?A.10yearsago. B.20yearsago. C.15yearsago.16.Whathaschangedaboutgymnastics?A.Achievingfullscoresiseasier.B.Womenathletesbeestronger.C.Peoplefocusmoreonfemaleathletes.【答案】14.A15.B16.C【解析】【原文】M:Ms.Jansen,thankyouforgivingusthechancetovisittheOlympicvillageandgivingouraudienceatSportsTVsomeinformationontheirfavoriteevents.W:Mypleasure,Jack.IspendmostworkingdaysexplainingandorganizingOlympicGames,soI’mgladtosharesomedetailsbehindthescenes.M:So,sinceyou’vebeenarrangingthesegamesforthelast20years,whatchangeshaveyouseenabouttheOlympics?W:Well,theOlympicshaveaddednewevents,suchasskateboarding,surfingandclimbing.M:Andwe’reallimpressedwiththesechanges.Whataboutchangestogymnastics?W:Firsttherearechangesinagesandgenders.Manywomenaregoodatthissportataroundage15.Plus,womenhavebeeastrongerfocusthanmen.Andjudgescannotgiveafullscoreeasily,soachievingascoreof10isalmostimpossiblenow.M:Interesting!Iwasn’tawareofthechangetothejudges’side.W:That’sright.We’llmakeourwayovertothegymnasticsarea.Fornow,let’swalkthroughtheOlympicvillagetowardthesportscourts.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whendoesthetalkprobablytakeplace?A.InJanuary. B.InJune. C.InSeptember.18.Whatdotheyraisemoneyfor?A.Localelection. B.munityservice. C.Schoolconstruction.19.Whoisthespeaker?A.Theheadvolunteeroftheevent.B.Theheadteacheroftheuniversity.C.Theleaderofthelocalgovernment.20.Whatwillkidsdonext?A.Joininagame. B.Gettheirmedals. C.HaveaBBQmeal.【答案】17.B18.C19.C20.A【解析】【原文】Thankyouforingoutforourtown’s99thannualSummerFestival.Beforewegetintoourgames,performancesbylocalstudents,andfinallyourbigBBQmeal,I’dliketomakesomeannouncements.First,I’msohappythatthefundingispleteforournewschoolbuildings.Everyone,pleasegiveabighandtothegroupof20localparentswhocametogethertoraisethemoney.Thisprojectwillmeansomuchtotheyoungstudentsintown.Whentheygetabettereducation,thefutureofourentiremunitywins.Second,I’dliketothankeveryonewhovolunteeredtohelporganizethisevent.Becauseofyou,almosteverytownresidentisatthisparty.Thelocalgovernmentleaders,includingme,allfeelveryhonored.Also,Iappreciatereceivingyourvotesinthistown’slastelection.Butenoughwaiting,we’vegotabeautifulafternoonaheadofusaswecelebratethefirstdayofthesummer,thebesttimeofLosAngeles.Nextup,we’vegotaspecialgameforthechildrenoutthere.Now,parents,getyourkidsandlineupaswestartourgame.Andwe’vepreparedsomebeautifulmedalsforthewinnersasprizes.So,let’sgetready!第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWanttostartchangingyourlife?Blinkistmayhelpyou.Startwiththefollowingbooks:“Humanpatible”byStuartRussell(22minreadingtime)WhatwillthepursuitforadvancedAImeanforhumanity?Russell,oneoftheworld’sleadingresearchersinthefield,exploresthechallengeofdevelopingartificial(人工的)intelligencesystemsagreeingwithhumanvaluesandinterests.GetthekeyideasonBlinkist.“Life3.0”byMaxTegmark(19minreadingtime)MITscientistMaxTegmarktakesreadersonamindexpandingjourneytoimaginewhataworlddominatedbysuperintelligentAImightlooklike.Heexaminestherisksandrewardsoflifeinauniversewherehumansareoutmatchedbymorecapablemachines.GetthekeyideasonBlinkist.“Superintelligence”byNickBostrom(19minreadingtime)Whathappenswhenmachinesarebetterthanhumancognitive(认知的)abilities?OxfordphilosopherNickBostromlaysoutthepotentialpathsandrisksthatmayemergeaswedevelopsuperintelligentAIsystemsoveringhumanintelligence.GetthekeyideasonBlinkist.“ZeroToOne”byPeterThiel(26minreadingtime)ZerotoOnebyPeterThielwithBlakeMasterspresentsinsightsonenterpriseandinnovation.Thebookemphasizestheimportanceofcreatingsomethingnewinsteadofpetinginanexistingmarket.Itoffersauniqueinsightonhowtobuildsuccessfulstartupsandbusinesses.GetthekeyideasonBlinkist.Withamunityof34millionpeoplelocatedacrosstheworld—fromtechbusinessfounderstofulltimemomstotopCEOs—Blinkisthasafaithfulfanbaseofuserswhoarealldiscoveringpowerfulideasinnonfictionbooksontheapp.21.WhatdoSuperintelligenceandLife3.0bothtalkabout?A.ThehumanityofAI. B.TheapplicationofAI.C.ThedevelopmentofAI. D.ThesuperintelligenceofAI.22.WhatisspecialaboutZerotoOne?A.Itdescribesauniqueenterprise. B.Itadvocatesinnovativecooperation.C.Itstressespetitioninthemarket. D.Itemphasizescreativityinabusiness.23.Whatisthemainpurposeofwriting?A.Toremendanapp. B.Togiveadviceonlife.C.Tointroducesomewriters. D.Toadvertisefourbooks.【答案】21.D22.D23.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Blinkist阅读应用，重点推荐了四本关于AI和商业创新的书籍。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Life3.0部分的“MITscientistMaxTegmarktakesreadersonamindexpandingjourneytoimaginewhataworlddominatedbysuperintelligentAImightlooklike.(麻省理工学院科学家MaxTegmark带领读者展开一场思维拓展之旅，畅想一个由超级人工智能主导的世界可能呈现怎样的面貌)”和Superintelligence部分的“OxfordphilosopherNickBostromlaysoutthepotentialpathsandrisksthatmayemergeaswedevelopsuperintelligentAIsystemsoveringhumanintelligence.(牛津大学哲学家NickBostrom系统阐述了发展超越人类智能的超级人工智能时，可能出现的演进路径与潜在风险)”可知，两本书均聚焦于人工智能的超级智能。故选D项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据ZeroToOne部分的“ZerotoOnebyPeterThielwithBlakeMasterspresentsinsightsonenterpriseandinnovation.Thebookemphasizestheimportanceofcreatingsomethingnewinsteadofpetinginanexistingmarket.(PeterThiel与BlakeMasters合著的《从0到1》深入探讨了企业创新之道。该书强调，与其在现有市场中竞争，不如创造全新事物，这一理念正是商业创新的核心所在)”可知，《从0到1》这本书的特别之处在于强调商业中的创造力。故选D项。【23题详解】推理判断题。文章开头“Wanttostartchangingyourlife?Blinkistmayhelpyou.(想要开始改变你的生活吗？Blinkist或许能帮到你)”引出Blinkist平台，随后介绍该平台上的四本书，并多次提到“GetthekeyideasonBlinkist.(在Blinkist获取核心观点)”，结尾“Withamunityof34millionpeoplelocatedacrosstheworld—fromtechbusinessfounderstofulltimemomstotopCEOs—Blinkisthasafaithfulfanbaseofuserswhoarealldiscoveringpowerfulideasinnonfictionbooksontheapp.(Blinkist已在全球拥有3400万忠实用户群体——从科技创业者到全职妈妈，再到企业高管——他们都在这个应用中探索非虚构类书籍的精华观点)”强调Blinkist在全球拥有大量用户，暗示其影响力和实用性。由此推知，文章旨在推广Blinkist平台，鼓励读者通过该应用获取书籍精华。故选A项。BGrowingupinaloudchaoticItalianfamily,Ioftenfeltunseenandunheard.Myhomewasfilledwithshouting,butlittlemeaningfulconversation.Ididn’tthinkanyonecaredaboutmythoughtsorfeelings—untilImetMisterRogers.Everyday,IwouldsitclosetotheTV,mesmerizedbyMisterRogers’Neighborhood.Itwasn’tjustashow.Itfeltlikeavisitwithakind,wisefriend.Hespokedirectlytomethroughthecamera,hiscalmvoicemakingmefeelrespected,evenasachild.HetoldmeIwasspecialjustthewayIwas,andthatmeanttheworldtome.Onemomentstoodout.IwasscaredoftheWitchfromTheWizardofOz,butmyparentsdismissedmyfear,callingme“silly.”MisterRogers,however,invitedtheactresswhoplayedthewitchontohisshow.Together,theyremovedhergreenmakeup,showingthesmilingwomanunderneath.Ithelpedmefeellessafraidandtaughtmethepoweroftelevisiontoaddressrealemotions.MisterRogersdidn’tjustfortme.Hegavemetoolstohandledifficultfeelingslikeangerandfear.Insteadoftellingmeto“getoverit”,heshowedmehowtounderstandandmanagemyemotions.Theselessonsstayedwithmelongafterchildhood.Asanadult,IrealizedhowdeeplyMisterRogershadshapedmylife.Ibegannoticing“littlelifeclues”—smallactsofkindnessthatmakeabigdifference.Astranger’ssmile,afriendlyment,orahelpinghandonaplaneremindedmeofthevaluesMisterRogerstaught:respect,kindness,andconnection.Inspired,Idevotedmycareertocreatingchildren’sshowslikeBlue’sCluesandDanielTiger’sNeighborhoodtogivechildrenthesamesenseofbeingseenandheardthatMisterRogersgaveme.Ihopetheseshowshelpkidsgrowintoadultswhovalueempathy(共情),kindness,andthelittlethingsthatmakelifemeaningful.24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mesmerized”inParagraph2mean?A.Scared. B.Fascinated. C.Confused. D.Amused.25.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewriter’sfamilyenvironment?A.Itwasstrictanddisciplined. B.Itlackedemotionalconnections.C.Itstressedacademicachievements. D.Itwassupportiveandencouraging.26.WhatmadethewriterlessfrightenedoftheWitch?A.ThefortfromMisterRogers. B.Thegreenmakeupintheshow.C.Therealappearanceoftheactress. D.Theexplanationofherparents.27.Whydoesthewritermention“littlelifeclues”inParagraph5?A.ToillustratetheinfluenceofMisterRogers. B.Toshowtheinnovationofchildren’sshows.C.Toemphasizethepowerofastranger’ssmile. D.Todemonstratethesuccessofthewriter’scareer.【答案】24.B25.B26.C27.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的家庭环境缺乏情感联系，但是作者喜欢一个节目里的罗杰斯先生，罗杰斯先生让作者开始注意到“生活的小线索”，最终取得了职业成功。【24题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Itwasn’tjustashow.Itfeltlikeavisitwithakind,wisefriend.Hespokedirectlytomethroughthecamera,hiscalmvoicemakingmefeelrespected,evenasachild.HetoldmeIwasspecialjustthewayIwas,andthatmeanttheworldtome.(这不仅仅是一场表演。感觉就像拜访一位善良、睿智的朋友。他通过镜头直接对我说话，他平静的声音让我感到被尊重，即使我还是个孩子。他告诉我，我本来的样子就很特别，这对我来说意味着一切)”可知，《罗杰斯先生的邻居》对作者来说意义重大，说明作者对其着迷。故划线词意思是“着迷”。故选B。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Growingupinaloud,chaoticItalianfamily,Ioftenfeltunseenandunheard.Myhomewasfilledwithshouting,butlittlemeaningfulconversation.Ididn’tthinkanyonecaredaboutmythoughtsorfeelings—untilImetMisterRogers.(我生长在一个吵闹、混乱的意大利家庭，我经常觉得自己被忽视、被忽视。我的家里充满了喊叫，但很少有有意义的谈话。我认为没有人关心我的想法和感受——直到我遇到罗杰斯先生)”以及第三段“Ithelpedmefeellessafraidandtaughtmethepoweroftelevisiontoaddressrealemotions.(它让我感觉不那么害怕了，也教会了我电视表达真实情感的力量)”可知，作者的家庭环境缺乏情感联系。故选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Together,theyremovedhergreenmakeup,showingthesmilingwomanunderneath.Ithelpedmefeellessafraidandtaughtmethepoweroftelevisiontoaddressrealemotions.(他们一起卸掉了她的绿色妆容，露出了下面那个微笑的女人。它让我感觉不那么害怕了，也教会了我电视表达真实情感的力量)”可知，女演员的真实外表让作者不那么害怕女巫。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Asanadult,IrealizedhowdeeplyMisterRogershadshapedmylife.Ibegannoticing“littlelifeclues”—smallactsofkindnessthatmakeabigdifference.Astranger’ssmile,afriendlyment,orahelpinghandonaplaneremindedmeofthevaluesMisterRogerstaught:respect,kindness,andconnection.(成年后，我意识到罗杰斯先生对我的生活影响有多深。我开始注意到“生活的小线索”——微小的善举却能产生巨大的影响。一个陌生人的微笑，一句友好的评论，或者在飞机上伸出的援助之手，都让我想起了罗杰斯先生教给我的价值观：尊重、善良和联系)”可知，作者在第5段提到“小生活线索”是为了说明罗杰斯先生的影响。故选A。CIt’salltooeasytoseeyourskinasjustabarrier—ernalwallsofyourbody—whilegivingyourimmune(免疫)systemallthecreditforfightingagainstanybacteria(细菌)thatmanagetogetin.ButrecentresearchpublishedinNaturehasrevealedtheskinhasitsownimmunesystemreadytofightoffinfectionsatthepointofentry.Prof.MichaelFischbachandDr.DjenetBousbaine,bioengineersatStanfordUniversityandcoauthorsofthestudy,toldBBCScienceFocus,“Ourdiscoveryallowedustodevelopneedlefreevaccines(疫苗)thatcanbedelivereddirectlytotheskinorinsidethemouthinsteadofusinganeedle.”Theideabuildsontheirexperimentsshowingthatintroducingaspeciallyengineeredbacteriatotheskinofmicestimulatedimmuneresponsesinboththebloodstreamandairwaylinings.Theseresponsesnotonlylastedforover200daysbutalsoprovidedsustainedimmuneprotectionduringthisperiod.Thediscoverycouldhelptodevelopvaccinesthatproduceantibodiesinkeytissues,suchastheinsidesofournosesandmouths.Vaccinesareusuallygivenwithaneedleintothemuscle,offeringlonglastingprotectionthroughoutthebody.However,theyarelesseffectiveattheplaceswhereinfectionsstart,likethesurfacesinthenose,mouth,orotherbodyparts.FischbachandBousbainearguethatweakimmuneprotectionatthesesitescanstillallowvaccinatedindividualstocatchandspreaddiseases,therebyreducingtheoveralleffectivenessofvaccines.Theirnewapproachaddressesthisgapbydeliveringvaccinesdirectlytotheskinandairwayentrances,potentiallyintheformofacream.Thismethodaimstostrengthenimmunedefensesatthebody’sfirstlineofentry,allowingtheimmunesystemtotrainandactivatenecessaryresponsesrightwhereinfectionsstart.Suchvaccinescouldpreventairwayinfectionslikeflufromtakingholdbeforetheyevenenterthebody,markingasignificantsteptowardcontainingoutbreaksofseriousdiseasesbeforetheyintensifyintowidespreadinfections.28.Whatisthemonmisunderstandingaboutskin?A.Itjustservesasabarriertovaccine. B.Itreadilyhelpsusfightoffinfections.C.Itsimplyfunctionsasaphysicalblock. D.Itmakesupthehumanimmunesystem.29.WhatismainlypresentedinParagraph3?A.Statisticanalysis. B.Experimentalevidence.C.Engineeringmodel. D.Theoreticalassumption.30.Whatistheadvantageofthenewvaccine?A.Itisefficientandhighlytargeted. B.Itisdefensiveandmusclespecific.C.Itproducesantibodiesatafasterrate. D.Itdeactivatesresponsesintheblood.31.Whichisthebesttitlefor?A.SkinDiseasePrevention:AWaytoaHealthierLifeB.CreambasedVaccine:ASolutiontoSkinDisordersC.SkinImmuneDefense:AKeytoNeedlefreeVaccinesD.SkinDiseaseTreatment:AStrategytoTackleInfection【答案】28.C29.B30.A31.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种皮肤免疫防御，可以直接注射到皮肤或口腔内，而不是使用针头，并解释了其工作原理。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“It’salltooeasytoseeyourskinasjustabarrier—ernalwallsofyourbody—whilegivingyourimmune(免疫)systemallthecreditforfightingagainstanybacteria(细菌)thatmanagetogetin.(人们很容易把皮肤看作是一道屏障——身体的外墙——而它却赋予了免疫系统抗击任何入侵细菌的全部荣誉)”可知，皮肤的常见误解是认为它只是作为一个物理块。故选C。【29题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Theideabuildsontheirexperimentsshowingthatintroducingaspeciallyengineeredbacteriatotheskinofmicestimulatedimmuneresponsesinboththebloodstreamandairwaylinings.Theseresponsesnotonlylastedforover200daysbutalsoprovidedsustainedimmuneprotectionduringthisperiod.Thediscoverycouldhelptodevelopvaccinesthatproduceantibodiesinkeytissues,suchastheinsidesofournosesandmouths.(这个想法建立在他们的实验基础上，实验表明，将一种特殊的工程细菌引入老鼠的皮肤，可以刺激血液和气道内壁的免疫反应。这些反应不仅持续了200多天，而且在此期间提供了持续的免疫保护。这一发现可能有助于开发在关键组织中产生抗体的疫苗，比如我们的鼻子和嘴巴内部)”可知，第三段的主要内容是实验证据。故选B。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theseresponsesnotonlylastedforover200daysbutalsoprovidedsustainedimmuneprotectionduringthisperiod.(这些反应不仅持续了200多天，而且在此期间提供了持续的免疫保护)”以及最后一段“Theirnewapproachaddressesthisgapbydeliveringvaccinesdirectlytotheskinandairwayentrances,potentiallyintheformofacream.Thismethodaimstostrengthenimmunedefensesatthebody’sfirstlineofentry,allowingtheimmunesystemtotrainandactivatenecessaryresponsesrightwhereinfectionsstart.(他们的新方法通过将疫苗直接输送到皮肤和气道入口，可能以乳霜的形式解决了这一空白。这种方法旨在加强人体第一道防线的免疫防御，让免疫系统在感染开始的地方训练和激活必要的反应)”可知，这种新疫苗的优点是效率高，针对性强。故选A。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Prof.MichaelFischbachandDr.DjenetBousbaine,bioengineersatStanfordUniversityandcoauthorsofthestudy,toldBBCScienceFocus,“Ourdiscoveryallowedustodevelopneedlefreevaccines(疫苗)thatcanbedelivereddirectlytotheskinorinsidethemouthinsteadofusinganeedle.”(斯坦福大学的生物工程师迈克尔·菲施巴赫教授和杰内特·布斯贝恩博士是这项研究的共同作者，他们告诉BBC科学聚焦：“我们的发现使我们能够开发出无针疫苗，这种疫苗可以直接注射到皮肤或口腔内，而不是使用针头。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了一种皮肤免疫防御，可以直接注射到皮肤或口腔内，而不是使用针头，并解释了其工作原理。由此可知，C选项“皮肤免疫防御：无针疫苗的关键”适合作文章最佳标题。故选C。DOurmemories,especiallyourpositiveones,playimportantrolesinpersonalityformationanddecisionmaking.Peoplewhorecallhappy,positivememoriestendtobehappierandmorepositive.Abedtimepracticeoflookingbackonjoyfulexperiencesinyourlifecanalsoboostlifesatisfaction,accordingtoablogpostonPsychologyToday.Now,agroundbreakingstudypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencessuggeststhatoneday,itmaybepossibletoreplacebadmemorieswithgoodones,simplybysleepingonthem.Thisresearchcouldopenthedoortonewpossibilitiesforimprovingmentalwellbeingandreshapinghowweexperiencememories.Inarecentstudy,37participantswereaskedtomemorizealistofrandomwordspairedwithnegativeimagesandhadafullnight’ssleep.day,researcherspairedhalfoftherandomwordswithpositiveimages.Participantswereagainaskedtomemorizethewordsandimages.Thatnight,asparticipantsslept,researchersplayedarecordingofthewordsduringthenonrapideyemovementsleepphase,whichisknowntoplayanimportantroleinmemorystorage.TheymeasuredthebrainactivityofparticipantsusinganEEG(脑电图).Datashowedthatbrainactivityassociatedwithemotionalmemoryprocessingwassignificantlyhigherinresponsetothepositivewordassociations.Participantsthenpletedquestionnaires(问卷)abouttheirmemories.Researchersfoundthatthosewhotookpartinthestudyweremorelikelytorememberthepositiveimagesassociatedwiththewords,ratherthanthenegativeones.Thestudydemonstratedthatthebraincanweakennegativememoriesbyreactivatingpositiveones.However,theresearchhaslimitations,andit’sunclearifsuchanapproachwouldbeaseffectivefortraumatic(创伤性的)experiencesasitisformerelynegativepictures,reportedFastpany.Still,researchershopethatfindingsfromtheinitialstudywillopenthedoorfortreatingtraumaticmemories.32.Whichcanbeinfluencedbyourmemories?A.Ourlifestyle. B.Ourresolution. C.Ourappearance. D.Ourmunication.33.Whydidtheresearchersplayarecordingofthewords?A.Toassesstheparticipants’brainactivity. B.Topletequestionnairesonmemories.C.Tomeasuretheparticipants’sleepquality. D.Totransformtheparticipants’memories.34.Howdidtheresearchersdrawtheconclusion?A.Byrecordingparticipants’speech. B.Byclassifyingparticipants’emotions.C.Byparingparticipants’memories. D.Byobservingparticipants’eyemovement.35.Whatisthemainideaof?A.Positivepeoplehavepositivememories. B.Positivememoriesbenefitmentalwellbeing.C.Negativememoriescanturnintopositiveones. D.Anewmethodisfoundtodecreasebadmemories.【答案】32.B33.A34.C35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员发现了一种可以减少糟糕记忆的方法，解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的重要意义。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Ourmemories,especiallyourpositiveones,playimportantrolesinpersonalityformationanddecisionmaking.(我们的记忆，尤其是积极的记忆，在性格形成和决策过程中扮演着重要的角色。)”可知，我们的决议会受到我们记忆的影响。故选B。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Thatnight,asparticipantsslept,researchersplayedarecordingofthewordsduringthenonrapideyemovementsleepphase,whichisknowntoplayanimportantroleinmemorystorage.TheymeasuredthebrainactivityofparticipantsusinganEEG(脑电图).Datashowedthatbrainactivityassociatedwithemotionalmemoryprocessingwassignificantlyhigherinresponsetothepositivewordassociations.(当天晚上，当参与者睡觉时，研究人员播放了非快速眼动睡眠阶段的单词录音，众所周知，这在记忆储存中起着重要作用。他们用脑电图（EEG）测量了参与者的大脑活动。数据显示，与情绪记忆处理相关的大脑活动在积极词汇联想的反应中明显更高。)”可知，研究人员播放这些单词的录音是为了评估参与者的大脑活动。故选A。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“day,researcherspairedhalfoftherandomwordswithpositiveimages.(第二天，研究人员将一半的随机单词与积极的图像配对。)”可知，研究人员通过比较参与者的记忆得出这个结论。故选C。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now,agroundbreakingstudypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencessuggeststhatoneday,itmaybepossibletoreplacebadmemorieswithgoodones,simplybysleepingonthem.Thisresearchcouldopenthedoortonewpossibilitiesforimprovingmentalwellbeingandreshapinghowweexperiencememories.(现在，发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一项开创性研究表明，有一天，美好的记忆可能会取代糟糕的记忆，只需要睡一觉就可以了。这项研究可能为改善心理健康和重塑我们的记忆体验开辟新的可能性。)”结合文章主要说明了研究人员发现了一种可以减少糟糕记忆的方法，解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的重要意义。可知，这篇文章的主旨是发现了一种减少糟糕记忆的新方法。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。UnderstandingBodyLanguageBylearningtorecognizethesmallcuespeoplegiveoffthroughtheirposture,gestures,andfacialexpressions,youcanbetterunderstandtheiremotionsandintentions.___36___Thus,itisapowerfultoolforcrossculturalmunicationandbuildingrelationships.CulturaldifferencesinbodylanguageBodylanguagecanbeinterpreteddifferentlyacrosscultures.Thesevariationsarecrucialforbuildingeffectiverelationshipsinthisglobalizedworld.What’spoliteinoneculturemayseemdisrespectfulinanother.___37___Whentravelingtoanewcountryorworkingwithremoteclients,preparationiskey.Youcanaskfromaplaceofrespectfulcuriosity—whattypeofmunicationmethodandfrequencydotheyprefer?___38___Ifyourgesturesseemexaggerated(夸张),youmightsay,“Imayhavenoticedmyusinghandsalot,butit’spartofmycultureandpersonality.Ifitdistractedyoufromanything,letmeknowsoIcanclarify.”monmistakeswhenreadingbodylanguage___39___Itmeansthatwereadtoomuchintowhythepersonsaido