大学英语四级模拟试卷581

大学英语四级模拟试卷581

一、作文（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1、Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayentitledWhatDoPart-time

JobsBringtoUs.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow

inChinese:1.越来越都的大学生开始兼职2.兼职给我们带来了什么

标准答案：WhatDoPart-timeJobsBringtoUs[I]Atpresentafashionoftaking

part-timejobsisstridingonthebroad.[2]Astheproverbgoes,"Everycoinhasitstwo

sides."[3]Therearebothblessingsandcurses.[4]Theadvantagesareasfollows.

[5]Firstandforemost,[6]takingapart-timejobenablessomestudentstodealwith

theirfinancialproblemsandbecomefinanciallyindependent.[7]What'smore,pan­

timejobsprovidestudentswithgoodopportunities[8]todevelopstrongsensesof

communicationandcooperation,andpracticewhattheyhavelearnedinclass,[9]

whichwillbenefittheirfuturecareer.[10]However,thedisadvantageoussideis[1I]

thatpart-timejobsconsumetoomuchtimeandefforts.[12]Somecollegestudentsare

notmatureenoughto[13]countthecostand[14]strikeaperfectbalancebetween

workandstudy.[15]Inshort,doingpart-timejobshasitsduality,andweshouldlearn

tobalancetheprosandcons.

知识点解析:[1]用afashionisstridingonthebroad引出话题,吸引读者注意

力。【2】用谚语表明主题，新颖切题。【3】Therearebolhblessingsand

curses.是典型的引出利弊兼而有之的句型。[4】[5][7】分析优点，层次分

明。【10】用However笔锋一转，开始论述缺点。从行文可以看出，优点居多，

所以先行论述，所费笔墨也较多。[131counithecost是“权衡得失”的地道表达。

[14]strikeabalancebetween...是表示“平衡两个事物”的表达法，常用的还有

“strikeabalancebetweenworkandrest（劳逸结合）'"'strikeaperfectbalancebetweena

healthydietandexercises（健康饮食和运动完美结合）”等。【15】结尾段总结对利弊

皆有事物的分析。

二、快速阅读理解（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10

分。）

DoWeNeedCitiesAnyMore?Idon'twanttoliveinacity.Perhapswedividenaturally

intotwotypes:thoseforwhomcitiesarevibrant（振动的）andexciting,afocusforhuman

activity;andthoseforwhomtheyaredirty,noisyanddangerous.Itmaybe

unfashionable,butI'minthelattercamp.Idonotbelievethatweareaspecieswhose

behaviorimprovesinovercrowdedconditions.Anewstudyproposesasignificant

increaseinthecapacityoftownsandcitiesthroughacombinationofincreasedhousing

densities,loweron-plotprovisionforcarsandmoreon-streetparking,andthere-useof

marginalopenspacethatisemptyofanyamenityvalue（休闲价值）.Thebenefitofthis

approachistoreducethelossofgreenfieldsandtohelp"movetowardsmoresustainable

patternsofdevelopment".Thisstudysuggeststhatitwouldbepossibletoachievea25%

increaseindensityinatypicalprovincialcitywithoutchangingthetraditionalstreet

scene,althoughitwouldbenecessarytoreducethesizeofthehousesandsubstitute

parkingspacesforgarages.Therefore,thecostofthisapproachistohavemorepeople

livinginsmallerhomesathigherdensities,along,streets（hatarelinedwithparkedcars.

Canwereallyacceptthenotionthatspacewithindwellingsmaybereducedevenfurther?

Intimeswhen,wearetold,livingstandardsarerisinginrealterms,isitrealistictoseek

toreducepersonalspacestandards?Thestreetsofmanyinnersuburbsarealreadylined

withcarsonbothsides,reducingmovementtoasinglelane.Increasingdensitiesmeans

acceptingurbanstreetsthataredesignedaslinearcarparks,boundedbyevensmaller

livingunitsandmodifiedonlybyoccasionaltreesgrowingfromthetarmac（柏油碎石

路）.Wouldthebenefitsofhigherdensitybeworththedisadvantagesofincreasingon­

streetparking?Canweachieveasatisfactoryvisualenvironmentfromsuchraw

materials?Higherurbandensitiesmaybecommunallygoodfbrus,buttheywillfailto

meetthedesireofmanyprospectivehomeowners.Thosewithouteconomicchoicecan

bedirectedtoliveinthisway,butifwcarctocontinuetorelyontheprivatesectorto

producethisurbanhousing,itwillneedtoappealtotheprivatedevelopers*customers.

Whowillchoosetoliveinthesehigh-densitydevelopmentsofsmalldwellings,with

minimalopenspaceandachancetoparkonthehighwayifyouareluckyenoughtofind

aspace?Themainconsumerswillbesinglepeople,coupleswithoutchildren,and

perhapssome"emptynesters"（peoplewhosechildrenhavegrownupandlefthome）.

Thesearepeoplewhocanchoosetospendmuchoftheirtimeoutsidetheirhome,making

themostofthoseurbanculturalopportunitiesorgettingawayatweekendstoacountry

cottageorsportingactivities.Thecombinationofayoungfamilyandamorlgage（抵押贷

款）restrictsthemobilityandspendingpowerofmanycouples.Mostpeoplewithafamily

willtrytoavoidbringinguptheirchildreninanovercrowdedflatorhouse.Spacefor

independentactivityisimportantindevelopingtheindividualandinmaintainingfamily

balance.Thegardenisthesecureplacewherethechildrencanworkoffexcessenergy.

Thereisadangerthatplannersmaytakeadispassionat式冷清的），logicalviewofhow

weshouldlive,andseek（oforcesocietyintothatshape.AfewyearsagoaEuropean

Commissionstudyprovidedagoodexampleofthis.Ittooktheview,quitesensibly,that

housingshouldnotbeunder-occupiedbecausethisisawasteofresources.Therefore,it

wouldbemuchbetterifthemanythousandsofoldladieswholivealoneinlarge

detachedhouseswouldmoveintosmallurbanfiats,thusreleasingthelargehousesfbr

families.Whatthestudytailedtorecognizewasthatmanyofthoseoldladiespreferto

continuetoliveintheirfamilyhomewiththeirfamiliarsurroundingsand,most

importantly,withtheirmemories.Whatisgoodforusisnotnecessarilywhatwewant.

Theurbanhousingoptionmaybetechnicallysustainable,butindividuallyunacceptable.

Therestillseemstobeaperceptionamongplannersthatnewhousinginvestmentcanbe

forcedintothoseareasthatplannerswanttoseedeveloped,withoutproperconsideration

ofwheretheprospectivepurchaserswanttolive.Thereisafatalflawinthispremise（前

提).Housingdevelopersrunbusinesses.Theyarenotunavoidablycommittedtobuilding

housesandtheyarenotobligedtoinvesttheirresourcesinhousingdevelopment.Unless

(hereisareasonableprospectofaprofitonthecapitalatriskinahousingproject,they

maysimplychoosetoinvestinsomeotheractivity.

2^Accordingtotheauthor,wcarcaspecieswhosebehaviorimprovesinovercrowded

conditions.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案:B

知识点解析♦：对比分析题目和原文，二者意思完全相反，所以答案为N。

3、Itisproposedthatthecapacityoftownsandcitiesbegreatlydecreased.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：对比分析题目和原文，可以看出两者内容完全相反(decreased和

increase),所以答案为N。

4、Theauthordoubtsthatpeoplecanreallyacceptthenotionthatspacewithindwellings

maybereducedevenfurther.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：原文是反问句，对人的居住空间是否可以进一步降低表示怀疑，题目

用doubts一词，同样表示怀疑，所以二者意思一致，答案为Y。

5、Foreveryfamilywithamortgage,theirmobilityandspendingpowerisrestricted.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：题目和原文的极端词不一致。原文中有many,意思是“年轻人刚成家

又背负抵押贷款，这限制了很多夫妇的活动范围和消费力”。而题目中是every,意

思是“对每一个有抵押贷款的家庭来说，其流动性和消费能力都受到了限制显然

二者意思不一致，所以答案为N。

6、Mostparentswilltrynottolettheirchildrengrowupinanovercrowdedflator

house.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：对比分析题目和原文，可以看出二者虽然用词和结构不一样，但内容

一致，所以答案为Y。

7、Spaceforindependentactivitycontributestocreativethinking.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：C

知识点解析：原文意为“独立活动的空间对于个人发展和家庭平衡的维护都是很重

要的“，并没有提到题目所说“独立活动空间有助于创造性的思维”，因此答案为

NGo

8、Whatisgoodforusisusuallywhatwewant.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：二者的副词修饰语不一致，原文用notnecessarily,意为“不一定”，

而题目用usually,意为“通常”，由此可知二者内容也不一致，所以答案为N。

9、Themainconsumerswhocanchoosetomakethemostofthoseurbancultural

opportunitiesorgetawayatweekendstothecountrysidewillbeandperhaps

some”emptynesters".

标准答案：singlepeople,coupleswithoutchildren

知识点解析：空白处应该是名词作表语，与“emptynesters”是并列成分。对比分析

两者,可以看出空白处应该是singlepeople,coupleswithoutchildreno

10、AccordingtoaEuropeanCommissionstudy,housingshouldbefullyoccupiedto

avoid.

标准答案：awasteofresources/wastingresources

知识点解析：空白处应该是名词或动名词。对比分析二者，可以看出答案是a

wasteofresources,或者也可用动名词表达，即waslingresources。

11、Withoutaofaprofit,housingdevelopersmaysimplychoosetoinvestin

someotheractivity.

标准答案：reasonableprospect

知识点解析：空白处应该是可数名词单数，作介词without的宾语。对照原文，题

目把unlessthereis同义替换成了without,可知答案是reasonableprospect0

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题上0分，共8分°）

12、

A、Tomakethewomanangry.

B、Topleasetheman'smother.

C、Davidistheman'sgoodfriend.

D^Davidisgoodatcarryingonconversations.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：题目询问为什么大卫被邀请参加舞会。关键是听到男士说“我母亲坚

持邀请他来”，可判断选项B（为了取悦男士的母亲）正确。

13、

A、Takesomechangeonhim.

Changehisideas.

C、Changeclothes.

D、Exchangehispositionwiththewoman.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：题目询问男士将先做什么。关键是听到女士说“去游泳”，将男士的

change与之联系起来理解，可判断选项C（换衣服）是正确的。

14,

A、Hewantstopay.

B、Hedoesn'twanttoeatout.

C>Hewantstoeatsomewhereelse.

D、Hedoesn'tlikeJapanesefood.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：题目询问男士是什么意思。关键要听明白"It'smytreat."（我请客）的

意思,可知选项A（他要付账）正确。

15、

A、Hedidn'tworkashardashewassupposedto.

B、Hedidn^passthephysicsexam.

C、Hedidbetterinanearlierexam.

D、Hefoundsomethingwrongwiththeexam.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：关键是听到男士回答说“我物理考试不及格“，可判断选项B（他没通

过物理考试）正确。

16、

A、Readingnewspaper.

B、Writingdocuments.

C、Talkingaboutanimals.

D、WatchingTV.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：题目询问说话者在做什么。关键是听到女士的问话“新闻之后演什

么”，可判断选项D（看电视）正确。

17、

A、Theywenttothesameceremonysometimeago.

Theyarediscussingwhentomeetagain.

C、Theydon'tknowhovztogettoMickey'shome.

D、TheywillgotoMickey'sgraduationceremony.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：听到女士说'、我们上次见面是4个月前在米奇的生日晚会上”，可判断

选项A（他们一段时间以前去了同一次聚会）正确。

18、

A、Two.

B、Four.

C^Eight.

D、Twelve.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：题目询问男士还要复习几个单元V关键是听到“考试内容为全部的12

个单元”和“我以为只包括前面的2/3”，可判断选项B（4个单元）正确。

19、

A、Findalargerroom.

B、Selltheoldtable.

C、Buytwoarmchairs.

D、Rearrangesomefurniture.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：题目询问男士建议怎么做。关键是听到男士说“把旧餐桌搬到厨房怎

么样”，可判断选项D（宣新安排家具）为正确答案。

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共3题，每题1.0

分，共3分。）

20、

A、Recordcompaniesshouldpayattentionnottooffendpeople.

B、Recordcompaniesshouldbeverycarefulwiththeiremployees.

C、PeopleshouldbeverycarefulwiththeirnewCDs.

D、ParentsshouldforbidchildrentobuynewCDs.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、

A^Themusiccompaniesputawarninglabelonalbums.

Themusiccompaniesdon'tdescribeviolence.

C、Themusiccompaniesneverusestronglanguage.

D、ThemusiccompaniesareencouragedtoputphotosonCDs.

标准答案：A:

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、

A、Hethinksitagoodideatopreventchildrenfromviolence.

B、HethinksthechildrenhavetherighttobuyanyCD.

C、Hethinksthemusiciansshouldusethestronglanguage.

D、Hethinksthemusiciansshouldhavetherighttospeakfreely.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分，共4分。）

23、

A、Theirlecturenotes.

B、Theman'selectionplans.

C^Puttingupposters.

D、Thecampusradiostation.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、

A、Schoolsenator.

B、Schooltreasurer.

C、Schoolsecretary.

D、Schoolpresident.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、

A、Inthemorning.

B>Duringlunch.

C>Intheafternoon.

D、Duringdinner.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

26、

A、Hewillmakeposters.

B、Hewillwriteaspeech.

C、Hewillanswerquestions.

D、Hewillstudychemistry.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

六、听力短文（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题1.0

分，共6分。）

27、

A、Doctorsandlawyers.

B、Computerprogrammers.

C^Peoplewhoaredissatisfiedwiththeirpresentjobs.

D、Peoplewhoarcinterestedintheirjobs.

标准答案：c

知识点解析：暂无解析

28>

A、Itoffersnightclassesenablingthestudenttocontinueathispresentjob.

B、Itgivesscholarshipstostudentsworkinginlargefirms.

C、Itpromiseswonderfulemploymentinnewfields.

D、Itprovidesthestudentswithgoodjobslikelawyersinthefuture.

标准必:冤.A

知识苫解扁暂无解析

29、

A、Becausetheywanttoknowsomethingthattheothersdon'tknow.

B>Becausetheyunderstandtheimportanceofthecourse.

C^Becausetheycanlearnmoreinthiscourseabouttheirprofessionals.

D、Becausetheywillbepaidmoreontheirpresentjobs.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

30、

A、Theyoftentakeplaceinthemajorindustries.

B、Britishtradeunionsaremorepowerful.

C^TherearemoretradeunionmembersinBritain.

D、Britainhaslessworkingdaysthroughstrikeseveryyear.

标准答案：A…

知识点解析：暂无解析

31、

A、SuchstrikesareagainsttheBritishlaw.

B、Suchstrikesareunpredictable.

C、Suchstrikesinvolveworkersfromdifferenttrades.

D、Suchstrikesoccurfrequentlythesedays.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、

A^TradeunionsinBritainarcbecomingmorepopular.

B、MoststrikesinBritainareagainsttheBritishlaw.

C>UnofficialstrikesinBritainareeasiertodealwithnow.

D、Employer-workerrelationsinBritainhavebecometenser.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

七、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分，共4分。）

33、

A、Togrowbeautifulflowers.

B、Togrowaroseofnewcolorandwinaprize.

C>Togrowallkindsofflowersintheworld.

D、Totakepartinthecompetition.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

34、

A、BecausetheyhatedMr.Flowers.

B、BecausetheyjustwantedtoplayajokeonMr.Flowers.

C、BecauseMr.Flowersdidn'tletthemwatchflowers.

D、Becausetheywerenaughty.

标准答案：D」'

知识点解析：暂无解析

35、

A、Becausehewastoooldtoseewhodidit.

B>Becausetheboysrantoofastforhimtocatch.

C>Becauseitwasimpossibleforhimtobeonguardallthetime.

D^Becausehewastookindtobeattheboys.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

36、

A、Becausetheywantedtodowhattheyweretoldnotto.

Becausethenoticewasclosertothepath.

C、Becausetheyhatedtosecthenotice.

D、Becausethenoticewasintheway.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

八、听力复合式听写（本题共〃题，每题7.0分，共

〃分。）

Kitchendutiesmayhavetraditionallybeenviewedasv/omen'swork,butnotattheWhite

House.Untilnow:CristetaComerfordhasbeennamed[Bl]chef.Afteran

extensivesix-monthsearch,firstladyLauraBush[B2]SundaythatComerford

waschosenfromhundredsof[B3]toheadtheexecutivekitchen.Anaturalized

U.S.[B4]fromthePhilippines,shewillbethefirstwomanandfirstminorityto

holdthepost.The42-year-oldComerfordhasbeenan[B5]chefattheWhite

Housefor10years.SheworkedunderformerexecutivechefWalterScheibIII,who

[B6]inFebruary.WhilebeingexecutivechefattheWhiteHousecanbring

fame,thejobalsocanbeexhausting.Comerfordwillbein[B7]ofwhippingup

everythingfromstatedinnersforworldleaderstofast-foodforthe[B8]in

chief,hisfamilyandguests.Asmanyas2,000guestspermontharefedattheWhite

House.[B9].whenfestivitiesweretabooaftertheterroristattacksonSept.11,

2001.Mrs.Bushhasbeentryingoutfinalistsforthejob,[B10]Comerfordhas

abachelor'sdegreeinFoodTechnologyfromtheUniversityofthePhilippines.Shehas

workedatLeCielinVienna,AustriaandatrestaurantsintwoWashingtonhotels.

[Bl1].Thejobpaysaround$80.000-$100,000ayear.

37、[Bl]

标准答案：essential

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、[B2]

标准答案：Obviously

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、［B3］

标准答案：outweigh

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、［B4］

标准答案：entertainment

知识点解析：暂无解析

41、［B5］

标准答案：enjoy

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、［B6］

标准答案：amusement

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、［B7］

标准答案：danger

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、［B8］

标准答案：passive

知识点解析：暂无解析

45、［B9J

标准答案：televisionkeepsoneinformedaboutcurrentevents,allowsonetofollowthe

latestdevelopmentsinscienceandpolitics

知识点解析：暂无解析

46、［BIO］

标准答案：Wegetsousedtolookingatitsmovements,sodependentonitspictures,

whichbeginstodominateourlives

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、［Bll］

标准答案：Itistheusestowhichitisputthatdetermineitsvaluetosociety

知识点解析：暂无解析

九、阅读（选词填空）（本题共70题，每题L0分，共

70分。）

Manypeoplewronglybelievethatwhenpeoplereacholdage,theirfamiliesplacethem

innursinghomes.Theyarcleftinthehandsofstrangersfortherestoftheirlives.Their

[SI)childrenvisitthemonlyoccasionally,butmoreoften,theydonothave

any[S2]visitors.Thetruthisthat.thisideaisanunfortunatemyth-a(an)

[S3]story.Infact,familymembersprovideover80percentofthecarethat

elderlypeopleneed.SamuelPreston,asociologist,studiedhowtheAmericanfamilyis

changing.Hereportedthatbythetimethe[S4]Americancouplereaches40

yearsofage,theyhavemoreparentsthanchildren.Moreover,becausepeopletodaylive

longerafteranillnessthanpeopledidyearsago,familymembersmustprovidelong-term

care.Morepsychologistshavefoundthatallcaregivers[S5]acommon

characteristic:allcaregiversbelievethattheyarcthebestpeopleforthejob.Inother

words,theyallfeltthattheycoulddothejobbetterthananyoneelse.Socialworkers

[S6]caregiverstofindoutwhytheytookontheresponsibilityofcaringforan

elderlyrelative.Manycaregiversbelievedtheyhad[S7]tohelptheirrelative.

Somestatedthathelpingothersmakethemfeelmoreuseful.Othershopedthatby

helpingsomeonenow,theywoulddeservecarewhentheybecameoldand[S8]

.Caringfortheelderlyandbeingtakencareofcanbea[S9]satisfying

experienceforeveryonewhomightbe[SIO]A)imaginativeI)averageB)grown

J)includedC)similarlyK)constantD)regularL)intervicvvcdE)shareM)mutually

F)dependentN)imaginaryG)involvedO)ordinaryH)obligations

48、[SI]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：children是名词，在句中作主语，所以该空应填一个形容词，修饰

childreno由前句可推测their指老人的，所以应该是他们已长大的孩子，应填

growno

49、[S2]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：visitors需要一个形容词来修饰，所以该空应填形容词。该句前后是

转折关系，由前面的意思：他们的孩子偶尔来看望他们，可推测，更多时候，他们

没有定期的朋友来看望池们，所以选regular。

50、[S3]

标准答案：N

知识点解析：破折号后面的内容是对myth的解释说明，story需要一个形容词来修

饰，所以该空应填形容词。由后面一句的意思：事实上家庭成员为老人提供了他们

所需要的80%的照顾，可推测前面所说的都是假想的，所以选imaginary”假想的，

虚构的干扰项imaginative的意思为“富于想象力的”。

51、[S4]

标准答案：I

知识点解析：由the和Americancouple可知该空应填一个形容词。由该句的意思：

美国夫妇到40岁，他们与其说是父母倒不如说是孩子。并且后一句的意思为人们

的寿命比以前长，可知这是普遍存在的情况，所以选average,意为“平均的，一般

的

52、[S5]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：found后的宾语从句缺少谓语动词，所以该空应填一个动词，主语

caregivers决定该动词为原形。冒号后的句子意思为：所有的照顾者都认为他们最

适合该工作，可推测照顾者共有一个特点，所以选share。

53、[S6]

标准答案：L

知识点解析：socialworkers是主语，该句缺谓语动词，其后的句子所用的时态是

过去时，所以该空应填一个动词的过去时。该句后半句的意思是:…找出他们为什

么要照顾年迈的亲戚的原因，社会工作者只有通过采访照顾者才能找到答案，所以

应填interviewedo

54、[S7]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：由动词had可知，空格应填一个名词，根据其后的句意：一些人认为

帮助老人会让他们觉得自己更有用，可推测前句的意思为：他们认为自己有义务来

照顾年迈的亲戚，所以选obligations。

55、[S8]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：and是并列连词，要求其前后两词的词性和意思一致，所以该空应填

一个与old意义相近的形容词，所以选dependent,意思为“依靠的，依赖的”。

56、[S9]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：satisfying是形容词，应选一个副词来修饰它。由主语Caringforthe

elderlyandbeingtakencareof（照顾和被照顾），可知这是相互的经历，所以选

mutuallyo

57、[S10]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：由mighlbe可知，该空应填动词的被动语态。该句是定语从句来修饰

people,根据句意可推测是所涉及到的人，所以选involved.

十、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共10题，每题1.0

分，共70分。）

Itisdifficulttobelievethat,onlyeightyyearsago,theideaofthedomesticelectriclight

washeldincontemptbyallthe"experts"-withtheexceptionofa31-year-oldAmerican

inventornamedTomasAlvaEdison.Whenthepriceofgasstocksnosedivedin1878

becauseEdisonannouncedthathewasworkingontheincandescent（发白热光的）lamp,

theBritishParliamentsetupacommitteetolookintothematter.Thedistinguished

witnessesreported,tothereliefofthegascompanies,thatEdison'sideaswere"good

enoughfbrourtransatlanticfriends,butunworthyoftheattentionofpracticalor

scientificmen."Thescientificideabeingridiculedisnotsomewilddreamlike

everlastingmotion,butthehumblelittleelectriclightbulb,whichthreegenerationsof

menhavetakenforgranted,exceptwhenitburnsoutandleavestheminthedark.Yet

althoughinthismatterEdisonsawfarbeyondhiscontemporaries,hetooinlaterlifewas

guiltyofthesameshortsightednessthatcausedtroubletoPreeceandCo.,forbeopposed

theintroductionofalternatingcurrent.Themostfamous,andperhapsthemost

instructive,failureinpredictingthefuturehasoccurredinthefieldsofaero-and

astronautics.Atthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury,scientistswerealmost

unanimous（无异议的）indeclaringthatheavier-than-airflightwasimpossible,and

anyonewhoattemptedtobuildaeroplaneswasafool.ThegreatAmericanastronomer,

SimonNewcomb,wroteacelebratedessaywhichconcluded:"Thedemonstrationthatno

possiblecombinationofknownsubstances,knownformsofmachineryandknownforms

offorcecanbeunitedinapracticalmachinebywhichmenshallflylongdistances

throughtheair,seemstothewriterascompleteasitispossiblefbrthedemonstrationof

anyphysicalfacttobe."Afewyearsafterthefirstaeroplaneshadstartedtofly,another

astronomer,WilliamH.Pickering,wrote:"Thepopularmindoftenpicturesgigantic

flyingmachinesspeedingacrosstheAtlanticandcarryinginnumerablepassengersina

wayequivalenttoourmodernsteamships...Iiseemssafe（osaythatsuchideasmustbe

whollyvisionary,andevenifamachinecouldgetacrosswithoneortwopassengers,the

expensewouldbetoogreatfbranybutthecapitalistwhocouldownhisownyacht（快

艇）Ofthemanylessonstobedrawnfromtheseexamplesisthis.Anythingthatis

theoreticallypossiblewillbeachievedinpractice,nomatterwhatthetechnical

difficulties,ifitisdesiredgreatlyenough.

58、Theword"nosedived"（Line3,Para.I）mostprobablymeans'*"

A^dropped

B、roseup

C、steadied

D^changed

标准答案：A

知识点解析：可以根据上下文的意思来推断该词的意思。由becauseEdison

announcedthathewasworkingontheincandescentlamp,可知是因为爱迪生发明了

白炽灯才使煤气股票的吩格发生变化，而其后又说英国议会派人调查此事，可知煤

气股票的价格是下降了，所以选A）。

59、WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A^EdisoifselectricbulbwasonceregardedbysomeBritish"experts"asgoodenough

onlyforAmericans.

B、Edisonalwayshadscientificshortsightedness.

C、Edisonagreedwiththeideaofalternatingcurrent.

D、Edisonthoughtheavier-than-airHightimpossible.

标准答案：A「‘

知识点解析：由选项可定位到第一，二段，因为只有该段涉及到爱迪生。第一段最

后一句话：只对大洋彼岸的朋友有利，不值得引起注重科学和实际的人的注意，根

据常识知道爱迪生是美国人，所以A）符合原文。al-ways表示绝对意义，所以B）

不对；第二段最后一句是说他反对交流电的使用，所以C）不对；D）不是爱迪生的

观点。

60sWhatistheattitudeofthecommitteebuiltbytheBritishParliamenttowards

Edison'sidea?

A、Doubtful.

Scornful.

C、Critical.

D、Suspicious.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由题干BritishParliament可定位到第一段的最后一句：不值得引起注

重科学和实际的人的注意，可知对爱迪生是藐视的。Doubtful“怀疑的"；critical"批

评的”;suspicious”多疑的

61、SimonNewcombconcludedinacelebratedessaythat.

Axthehopethatmencouldflylongdistancesthroughtheairwouldremainadream

B、itisclearthatbuildingamachinebywhichmenshallflylongdistancesisimpossible

C、ailphysicalfactshavedemonstratedthatmencannotflylongdistancesthroughthe

air

D、menhavenotyetlearnedtoproduceaflyingmachinewithknownsubstancesand

knownformsofmachineryandforce

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由题干SimonNewcomb可定位到第三段最后一句，接着第四段是引

用他的话：就现在的机器和物质是不可能建造一个装置让人远距离地在空气中飞

行。他的话是一个例子来说明第三段第二句的观点：任何想建造飞机的人都是傻

子，所以选B）。SimonNewcomb是说制造飞行器是否可能的问题，而不是说人类

是否可以飞行的问题，所以A）和C）不对；D）不是SimonNewcomb所写的内容。

62、FromWilliamH.Pickering'squotation,wecanconcludehethoughttheuseofaero

planeswas.

A、incorrect

B、vague

C、imaginative

D、impracticable

标准答案；D

知识点解析：由题干WWiamH.Picketing可定位到第五段：文中的visionary指

“幻想的"，和impracticable的意思一致，所以选D）。incorrect“错误的"；vague"含

糊的“；imaginative”富于想象力的

Whenanti-globalizationprotesterstooktothestreetsofWashingtonlastweekend,they

blamedglobalizationforeverythingfromhungertothedestructionofhome-grown

cultures.AndglobalizationmeanttheUnitedStates.ThecriticscallitCoca-Colonization,

andFrenchsheepfarmerJoseBovehasbecomeacult（狂热分子）figuresincedestroying

aMcDonald'srestaurantin1999.Contrarytoconventionalwisdom,however,

globalizationisneitherhomogenizing（使...同化）norAmericanizingtheculturesofthe

world.Tounderstandwhynot,wchavetostepbackandputthecurrentperiodinalarger

historicalperspective.Althoughtheyarerelated,thelong-termhistoricaltrendsof

globalizationandmodernizationarenotthesame.Whilemodernizationhasproduced

somecommontraits,suchaslargecities,factoriesandmasscommunications,local

cultureshavebynomeansbeenerased.Theappearanceofsimilarinstitutionsinresponse

tosimilarproblemsisnotsurprising,butitdoesnotleadtohomogeneity.Inthefirsthalf

ofthe20thcentury,forexample,thereweresomesimilaritiesamongtheindustrial

societiesofBritain,Germany,AmericaandJapan,but（herewereevenmoreimportant

differences.WhenChina,IndiaandBrazilcompletetheircurrentprocessesof

industrializationandmodernization,weshouldnotexpectthemtobeexactcopiesof

Japan,GermanyortheUnitedStates.Takethecurrentinformationrevolution.The

UnitedStatesisattheforefrontofthisgreatmovementofchange,sotheuniformsocial

andculturalhabitsproducedbytelevisionviewingorInternetuse,forinstance,areoften

attributedtoAmericanization.Butcorrelationisnotcausalion（原因）.SincetheUnited

Statesdoesexistandisattheleadingedgeoftheinformationrevolution,thereisadegree

ofAmericanizationatpresent,butitislikelytodecreaseoverthecourseofthe21st

centuryastechnologyspreadsandlocalculturesmodernizeintheirownways.Historical

proofthatglobalizationdoesnotnecessarilymeanhomogenizationcanbeseeninthe

caseofJapan.Inthemid-19thcentury,itbecamethefirstAsiancountrytoembrace

globalizationandtoborrowsuccessfullyfromtheworldwithoutlosingitsuniqueness.

FollowingtheMeijiRestorationof1868,Japansearchedbroadlyfortoolsand

innovationsthatwouldallowittobecomeamajorpowerratherthanavictimofWestern

imperialism.ThelessonthatJapanhastoteachtherestoftheworldisthatevenacentury

andahalfofopennesstoglobaltrendsduesnotnecessarilyassuredestructionofa

country'sseparateculturalidentity.

63、Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassageisto.

A、reporttheprogressofsomenewevents

criticizeextremeandviolentactions

C>recallacertainperiodofAmericanhistory

D、tellhisreadersnottobeafraidofglobalization

标准答案：D'

知识点解析：全文的主题是：全球化既不能同化世界文化，也不能使世界文化美国

化。全文都是在论述这一观点，所以其目的也是告诉人们不要惧怕全球化，即为

D）oA）是第一段的例子；B）是对第一段例子的态度，不是仝文的观点；C）是文章

中的一个细节。

64、Theauthormentionsworldhistorytoprovethatmodernization.

A、doesnotresul