大学英语四级模拟试卷762

大学英语四级模拟试卷762

一、作文（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1、Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:

CollegeStudentsSupportingCountryside.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowing

theoutlinegiveninChinese.1.现今国家号召大学生支农2.大学生支农存在问题3.

你怎样看待这些问题

标?隹答案：CollegeStudentsSupportingCountrysideDuringrecentyears,college

studentsarecalledontoworkinthecountrysidetocontributetheirenergyandputtheir

knowledgeintopracticeaswellastogivesupporttoconst

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、快速阅读理解（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共10

分。）

Chimp（黑猩猩）ShowHallmarkofHumanCulture,StudyFindsResearchershave

discoveredthatchimpanzeesnotonlyteacheachothernewandusefulbehaviors,but

conformtotheirgroup'spreferredtechniquesforperformingthem-ahallmarkofhuman

culture.Observershavepreviouslyreportedthatwildchimpsdemonstratemorethan

threedozendifferentbehaviorsthathavenoapparentecologicalorgeneticorigin.This

diversitysuggeststhattherearedistinctapecultures.Thenotionassumesthatchimps

transmitculture-teachingandlearningbehaviorsgenerationaftergeneration.Butthe

theoryisverydifficulttotestandproveinacontrolledexperimentoutsideofa

laboratory.SoresearchersattheUniversityofSt.AndrcwsinScotlandandEmory

UniversityinAtlantadevisedanexperimenttotesttheproposition.Theresultswere

publishedonlineAugust21inthesciencejournalNature.LearningandTeachingThe

scientistsconstructedaboxinwhichadesirablefoodwashiddenbehindatrap.Captive

chimpscouldreleasethefoodbyusingasticktomovethetrapineitheroftwoways.

Researchersdubbedthesethe"poke"and"lift"methods.Scientiststhenisolatedahigh-

rankingfemaleofonegroupfromhercompanionsandtaughtherthepokemethodto

releasefood.Afemaleofhighrankfromasecondgroupwastaughttheliftmethod.

Noneoftheothermembersofthegroupswereallowedtowatchthetraining.Finally,

researchersusedathirdgroupasacontrol,presentingthemwiththeboxandsticks,but

teachingthemnothingabouthowtousethem.Scientiststhenletthechimpgroupswatch

theirmatriarch（女家长）usethetechniqueshehadlearned.Togetthefood,each

dominantfemaleconsistentlyusedthemethodshehadbeentaught.Theotherchimps

watched,oftenintensely,forover36hoursspreadovertendays.Duringthisperiod,15

chimpsinthetwostudygroupssuccessfullyusedonemethodortheothertogetfood,

andtheypickedupthebehaviorquickly.Mediantimesforlearningthetechniquesin

bothgroupswereunderaminute.Inthemeantime,thesixchimpsinthecontrolgroup

werestymied.Inmorethanfourhoursofmanipulatingthesticks,theywereunableto

extractasinglepieceoffood.Somechimpsinthe"lift*'groupdiscoveredthepoke

method,andsomeinthe"poke"culturediscoveredlifting.Buttheywereasmall

minority.Whentheapparatuswasreintroducedtwomonthslater,thechimpsrevertedto

theirownculture'sprefenedmethod.This,theresearchersmaintain,providesevidenceof

a"conformistbias'*.Theanimalsdiscounttheirownexperienceandinsteadadoptthe

behaviorofthegroup,justashumansdo."Thisisaveryniceexperimentalsetup/'said

DianaReiss,aresearchscientistwiththeBronx,NewYork-basedWildlifeConservation

Society,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy."Itwascontrolledforbiases,andincludeda

controlgroupwheretherewasnotrainedexpert.Thesetupeliminatedtheproblemof

learningbyinteractingwithhumans."Theresearchersbelievetheyhavedemonstratedfbr

thefirsttimeanabilityamongchimpanzeestotransmitalternativetechnologiesand

alternativemethodsofusingtools.MonkeySee,MonkeyDo"Whenallthesedifferent

wildchimpbehaviorswerediscoveredinthefield,therewascontroversy."saidFransde

Waal,aprofessorofprimatebehavioratEmoryUniversityandstudyco-author."Some

scientistsclaimeditwassociallearning.Othersclaimedtherewereotherpossible

explanations-individuallearning,geneticdifferences,ecologicalvariables,andsoon."

"Wedidtheexperimenttoprovethatyoucouldplantabehaviorbytrainingonechimp

andseeitspreadtootherchimpsbyobservation.nGivingthechimpstwoalternative

methodsofaccomplishingthesametask,theresearcherssay,showsthatchimpsare

capableofadoptinglocalvariants（变形）ofatechnique,justastheywouldifthevariant

behaviorsseeninthewildareinfactsociallytransmitted.Notallexpertsagreewiththis

conclusion.RobBoyd,aprofessorofanthropologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Los

Angeles,said,"Ihavearguedthatanytimetrueimitationevolves,sowillatendencyto

copythemajority.SoIwouldverymuchlikeittobetruethatthedatasupportedthis

prediction."ButBoydbelievesthestudydatafailtoofferthenecessaryproof.Henotes

thatwhileafewchimpsdroppedtheirgroup*srarerbehavioralvariant（usingastickto

pokeorliftatraptoreleasefood）,thestudy"docsnotshowthattheyswitchedtothe

commonvariant,whichiswhatIbelieveisnecessary."PersonifyingAnimalsGroupsof

chimpsattheYerkesNationalPrimateResearchCenterFieldStationatEmery

University,wheretheresearchwascarriedout,havedevelopedculturaldifferenceson

theirown,withouttheinterventionofhumanteachers.Onecommunity,fbrexample,

practiceshand-claspgrooming（梳理毛发），inwhichtwochimpseachgrasponeofthe

other'shandsovertheirheads,groomingwiththefreehand.Othergroupsdonotengage

inthisbehavior.Researchwithanimalbehavior,andperhapsespeciallywiththegreat

apes,riskswronglyattributinghumancharacteristicstoanimals.Buttheresearchersin

thisexperimentsaytheyhavebeencarefultoavoidthattrap.MWeaimtoavoidnaive

anthropomorphism,"saidtheleadauthoronthepaper,AndrewWhitenoftheUniversity

ofSt.Andrews,"bydevelopingarigorousexperimentaldesignthatcanunambiguously

answerthequestionwepose."Headdsthattheresultswerescoredobjectivelyfrom

videotapesviewedbyotherscientiststoavoidbias.Whittenandhiscolleaguesplantodo

similarexperimentswithhumanchildrenassubjects."Ifwcseesimilarresponsesinthe

twospecies."whitensaid,"thenaconcernofinterpretiveanthropomorphismbecomes

rathercontrived."

2、Someresearchershavediscoveredthatchimpanzeeshaveahallmarkofhuman

culture.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据题干中的信息词chimpanzees和ahallmarkofhumanculture定位

原文首段，可知题干表述正确

3、Thediversityofwildchimps'behaviorssuggeststhattherearedistinctapecultures.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据题干中的信息词diversity和distinctapecultures定位原文，答案

在第二段末句

4、Thenotionthatchimpstransmitcultureiseasytotestandproveinacontrolled

experimentoutsideofalaboratory.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：通读全文后可知，关于黑猩猩能不能传播文化还有争议，因而题干中

的easytotestandprove与原文意思不，具体答案在第三段末句

5、Theresearchersbelievetheyhavedemonstratedforthefirsttimeanabilityamong

chimpanzeestotransmitalternativetechnologiesandalternativemethodsofusingtools.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：题干是对实验得出的结论,通读全文发现小标题LearningandTeaching

下是全文主要描写的一个实验，实验结论很可能在这部分的开头或结尾，定位原文

发现答案在结尾处，题干中的关键同为ihefirsttime,阅读时务必留意

6、Theresearchersmaintainthatchimpsarethecleverestanimal.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本文主要谈到有些研究者认为黑猩猩具有人类传播文化的特征，并未

谈到他们认为黑狸猩是最聪明的动物

7、Allexpertsagreewiththeconclusionofthisexperimentwhichistotestthe

proposition.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：通读全文后可知对于实验结论专家并未达成一致，答案在Monkey

See,MonkeyD。下的第四段段首，对于不完全否定notall要多加留意

8、Boydbelievesthestudydatafailtoofferthenecessaryproof.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据题干中的信息词Boyd和thestudydata定位原文，答案在

MonkeySee,MonkeyDo下末段首句

9、TheresearchwascarriedoutattheYerkesNationalPrimateResearchCenterField

Stationat

标准答案：EmoryUniversity

知识点解析:根据题干中的信息词theYerkesNationalPrimateResearchCenterField

Station定位原文，可在PersonifyingAnimals下的首段首句找到答案

10、Researchwithanimalbehaviorriskswronglyattributing.

标准答案：humancharacteristicstoanimals

知识点解析：根据题干中的信息词risks定位原文，答案在倒数笫四段首句

11、Whittenandhiscolleaguesplantodosimilarexperimentswith.

标准答案：humanchildrenassubjects

知识点解析：根据题干中的信息词Whitten和similarexperiments定位原文，在倒

数第二段末句可找到答案

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题7.0分，共8分。）

12、

A^Lauriefailedtogotoattendtheparty.

B、Thewomangaveasuccessfulpartyyesterday.

C、Peterregrettedinvitingthewomantotheparty.

D^Themanremindedthewomanabouttheparty.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、

A、Attwoo'clock.

B、Atfburo'clock.

C^Atsixo'clock.

D、Ateighto'clock.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、

A、Itistoodark.

B、It'sstrangetowearintheoffice.

C、Thejacketandthepantsdon'tmatch.

D^Thesuitisreallylightforcoldweather.

标准答案：C」

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、

A^Gotothemovie.

B、WorkwithhisItalianboss.

C、Holdanimportantmeeting.

D、Haveadinnerwithacustomer.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、

A、Peoplearetoonoisy.

B、Theshowisveryboring.

C、Theroomistoosmallfortheaudience.

D、Theplayisdifficultforhimtounderstand.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

A^Feelingbetternow.

BNStayinginahospital.

C、Talkingabouttheman'smother.

D、Doinganoperationonapatient

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、

A^Thewomanwenttomanydifferentstores.

B、Boththespeakersshoppedalloverthetown.

C、Thebooksthewomanboughtwereexpensive.

D、Thewomanaskedthemantowaitforhimlonger.

标准答案：A-

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、

A、Hewrappedthegift.

B、Hepaidbycheck.

C^Heleftwithoutpaying.

D、Heboughtsomethinobycreditcard.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共3题，每题1.0

分，共3分。）

20、

A、Itcostsmuchmorethanitsworth.

B、Itshouldbebroughtuptodale.

C^Itcallsforimmediaterepairs.

D、Itcanstillbeusedforalongtime.

标准答案：B

知识点解析:对话中这样陈述“…ifwewanttostaycompetitive,weneedto

modernizeourfactory.Newequipmentshould'vebeeninstalledlongage.“这里我彳门

可以判断B项正确。

21、

A、Thepersonnelmanagershouldbefiredforinefficiency.

Afewengineersshouldbeemployedtomodernizethefactory.

C>Theentirestaffshouldberetrained.

D^Bettereducatedemployeesshouldbepromoted.

标准答案：B

知识点解析:由女士提到的话“…shouldalsoconsiderhumanresources...havetohire

acoupleofengineerstohelpusmodernizethefactory.”可知,B项“应该雇用少数的

工程师来使工厂现代化”与内容相符合，所以正确。

22、

A、TheircompetitorshavelongbeenadvertisingonTV.

B>TVcommercialsarelessexpensive.

C、Advertisinginnewspapersaloneisnotsufficient.

D^TVcommercialsattractmoreinvestments.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：对话这样提到“…it'sjustnotenoughanymore.VC项“只在报纸上打广

告不足以起作用“符合对话内容，所以正确。

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分，共4分。）

23、

A、Astudythattheirchemistryprofessordid.

B、Aclassthatthewomanistaking.

C、Achemistryassignment.

D、Ajobpossibility.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：选项概括性很强表明，本题可能考查对话话题。对话中女士提到「m

goingover...talktoProfessorSmithaboutajobopening,下面都是围绕这一职位空缺

展开的讨论，故答案为［D］。

24、

A、Shewantstoearnextramoney.

B、Shewantstogetpracticalexperience.

C、Shewantstoquitherjobinthechemistrylab.

D、She'sinterestedinbecomingapsychologymajor.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：选项中重复出现的Shewants表明，本题可能与女士的想法有关°由

女士提到的Ijustwanttohavesomehands-onexperience可知，女士想获得一些实践

经?验，故答案为［B］。

25、

A、Helpthemwiththeirstudies.

B、Employthemaslabassistants.

CNTeachclassesattheirhighschool.

D、Paythemforparticipatinginthestudy.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：选项均以原?形动词开头表明，本题可能考查行为活动。由男士提到

的Andit'llbenicetohelpthosehighschoolstudentstoo可知，答案为［A］。

26、

A、Writetheirlabreports.

B>Finishtheirchemistryexperiment.

C>FindoutProfessorSmith'sschedule.

D^Interviewsomehighschoolstudents.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：对话最后女士提到Butwe'dbettermakesurewedoagoodjobonour

experimentfirst,男士听后说Yeah,由此可知，他们下一步可能做的是完成他们的

化学试验，故答案为|B］。Firsllhingsfirst意为“最重要的事要先做”。

六、听力短文（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题7.0

分，共6分。）

27、

A、Whycertainpeoplearepoorreaders.

B、Thattherearedifferencesinpeople'sabilities.

C、Whysomepeoplearegoodbasketballplayers.

D^Thatgoodbasketballplayerscanbegoodreaders.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：短文开头就引出话题：阅读能力问题。接着指出人是不同的，然后用

打篮球来类比阅读能力，指出不同人的阅读能力是不同的，故答案为［B］。

28、

A、Worklongandhard.

B、Takedifferentformsoftests.

C、Trydifferentreadingmaterials.

D、Havespecialhelpandpractice.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：选项均以原?形动词开头表明，本题考查行为动作。短文中用篮球来

作类比，其中提到一些篮球技巧差的人通过别人合理的指导，多次练习，篮球技巧

就会有所提高，同样，阅读能力差的人也是如此，故答案为［D］。

29、

A、Goodreadersseemtoenjoyreading.

B、Almostallpoorreaderscanmakeprogress.

CNCausesofpoorreadingaredifficulttofindout.

D、Testshelppeopleimprovetheirreadingability.PassageTwo

标准答案：B

知识点解析：短文最后提到一项实验，实验表明，每个阅读技巧差的人都能够提高

阅读能力，故答案为［B］。

30、

A、Becauseeconomicsisasirregularasweather.

B>Becauseeconomicsisasimportantasweathertoourdailylife.

C、Becauseeconomicsconditioncanbejudgedaccordingtoweather.

D^Becauseitisnoteasytopredictthefutureconditionofeconomics.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题问“根据短文，为什么经济和天气具有可比性?”短文开头即指

出，Economicsandweatherhavealotincommon.Knowingwhatconditionswillbe

likeweeksormonthsinthefutureisnoteasy.由此nJ见，未来一段时间经济情况的变

化和天气的变化一样，都是很难预测的，这是经济和天气的共同之处。据此可以断

定[D]“因为我们很难预测经济的未来状况“正确。

31、

A^Theyuseunemploymentratestojudgethedeclinemeasuredbytheindex.

B、Theyusetheinterestratestoconfirmthegrowthofeconomy.

C、Theyusepercentagetorepresentthechangesweighedbytheindex.

D、Theyusestocksasthemeasurementofdevelopmentinmarket.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题问“怎样使用指标来衡量经济中的变化?”短文提到，Thechanges

measuredbyanindexcanberepresentedwithasinglepercentage.即根据指标测量体系

测出的经济变化可以用单纯的百分比来表示。短文随后又对这种指标衡显体系进行

了具体的解释。据此可以断定[C]”使用百分比来表示指标测量出来的文化”正确。

32、

A、Unemploymentrates.

B、Manufacturingrates,

C>Interestrates,

D、People'sexpectationsoftheeconomy.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题间“下列哪项指教可被划分为滞后指标?”短文的最后部分提钊.

Thereisalsoalaggingindex.Ithelpsconfirmeconomicchangesthatcurrentlyappearto

betakingplace,Interestratesareanimportantlaggingindicator.也就是说，利率就是

一种重要的滞后指标。据此可以确定[C]“利息比率”正确。

七、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分，共4分。）

33、

A^Hewaswell-knownontheWestCoast.

B>Hemademanypoliticalachievements.

C、Hesupportedfinancialaidtofarmers.

D^Hewasapopularwarhero.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：选项中的He,well-known,achievements,popular等表明，本题可能

与He的功绩或声望有关。短文开头部分提到，Taylor被选为总统候选人的主要原

因是他是一个战争英雄(awarhero),故答案为［D］。

34、

A、Hehadvariouspoliticalexperiences.

B、Hepreferredcivilianclothestouniform.

C、Hewastallandhandsome.

D、Hewasgentleandcareful.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：选项均为与He有关的完整句子表明，本题考查与He有关的事实状

况。短文中提到，Tayler很坦率，不像是一个战争英雄；他喜欢穿平民服装，而不

喜欢穿制服，即使在战场上也是如此，故答案为［B］。

35、

A^Helostthesupportoffarmers.

B、HewasopposedbytheWhigParty.

C、Hewasinpowerforonlyashortperiod.

D、Hecameintoconflictwithparliamentmembers.

标准答案：C

知识点解析:选项中的He,lostthesupport,wasopposed,cameintoconflict等表

明，本题可能与He在某事上失利的原因有关。短文中提到couldn'tfindmuch

abouthisaccomplishments,随后说明原因：因为他执政的时间仅有一年半，之后就

去世了，也就是说他没有多少政绩是因为执政时间短，故答案为［C］。

36、

A、In1848.

B、In1849.

C、In1850.

D、In1851.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：选项表明，本题考查某个年代，听音时应留意与年代有关的信息。由

短文中提到的Hediedinofficein1850可知，Taylor。是在1850年去世的，故答案

为［C］。

八、听力复合式听写(本题共〃题，每题7.0分，共

“分。)

Mosthistorianssaythatthebeginningofthemodemcivilrights［Bl］inthe

UnitedStateswasDecember1,1955.Thatwasthedaywhenan［B2］

seamstressinMontgomery,Alabama［B3］togiveupherbusseattoawhite

passenger.ThisbravewomanRosaparks,was[B4]andfinedforviolatinga

citylaw.However,her[B5]ofdefiancebeganamovementthatendedthe

lawsthatraciallysegrega:edAmerica.Becauseofthis,shealsobecameaninspirationto

freedom-lovingpeopleeverywhere.RosaParkswasbornonFebruary4,1913in

Tuskegee,Alabame.Herparents,JamesMcCauley,a[B6],andLeona

McCauley,ateacher,namedherRosaLouiseMcCauley.Whenshewastwo,she[B7]

tohergrandparents'farminAlabamawithhermotherandyounger[B8]

,Sylvester.Attheageof11,shebecameastudentattheMontgomeryIndustrial

SchoolforGirls,aprivateschool.[B9].ThiswasconsistentwithRosa's

motheiSadviceto"lakeadvantageofdieoppoiluiiilies,nomatterhowfewtheywere."

Andtheopportunitieswerefewindeed.Mrs.Parkssaidinaninterview:Backthen,we

didn*thaveanycivilrights.Itwasjustamatterofsurvival,ofexistingfromonedayto

thenext.Inthesameinterview,sheexpainedthatshefeltfearless,[BIO].This

fearlessnessgaveherthecouragetofightherconvictionduringthebusboycott."Ididn't

haveanyspecialfear,"[Bl1]

37、[Bl]

标准答案：movement

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、[B2]

标准答窠：unknown

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、[B3]

标准答案：refused

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、[B4]

标准答案：arrested

知识点解析：暂无解析

41、[B5]

标准答案：act

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、[B6]

标准答案：carpenter

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、[B7]

标准答案：moved

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、[B8]

标准答案：brother

知识点解析：暂无解析

45、[B9]

标准答案:Theschoolbelievedthatself-esteemwasthekeytosuccess.

知识点解析：暂无解析

46、[BIO]

标准答案：becauseshehadalwaysbeenfacedwithfear.

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、[Bll]

标准答案:ItwasmoreofarelieftoknowthatIwasn'talone.

知识点解析：暂无解析

九、阅读(选词填空)(本题共10题，每题分，共

10分。)

TheAmericanRevolutionwasnotarevolutioninthesenseofaradicalortotalchange.It

wasnotasuddenand[SI]overturningofthepoliticalandsocialframework,suchas

lateroccurredinFranceandRussia,[S2]bothwerealreadyindependentnations.

Significantchangeswereusheredin,[S3]theywerenotbreathtaking.Whathappened

wasaccelerated[S4]ratherthanoutrightrevolution.Duringtheconflict,peoplewent

onworkingandpraying,marryingandplaying.Mostofthemwerenot[S5]disturbed

bytheactualfighting,andmanyofthemoreisolatedcommunitiesscarcelyknewthata

warwason.America'sWarofIndependenceheraldedihebirthofthreemodemnations.

OnewasCanada,which[S6]itsfirstlargeinfluxofEnglish-speakingpopulationfrom

thethousandsofloyalistswhofledtherefromtheUnitedStates;[S7]wasAustralia,

whichbecameapenalcolonynowthatAmericawasnolonger【S8】forprisonersand

debtors;thethirdnewcomer-theUnitedStates—baseditselfsquarelyonrepublican

principles.Yeteventhepoliticaloverturnwasnotso[S9]asonemightsuppose.In

somestates,notablyConnecticutandRhodeIsland,thewarlargelyratifiedacolonial

self-rulealreadyexisting.Britishofficials,everywhereousted,were[S10]byahome­

growngoverningclass,whichpromptlysoughtalocalsubstituteforkingandparliament.

A)violentI)otherB)seriouslyJ)receivedC)revolutionaryK)butD)evolutionL)severe

E)anotherM)availableF)andN)whenG)replacedO)revolutionH)repelled

48、[SI]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据本句语法结构提示选择形容词。

49、[S2]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据句中结构可推知这个空格处应该填一个连接副词，表示“在……

时候

50、[S3]

标准答案：K

知识点解析：上下文的逻辑提示此处是转折关系。

51、[S4]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：前面的notbreathtaking和下文的意思提示填名词evolution。

52、[S5]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：句中的结阂提示填副词seriously,而且也符合上下文的意思。

53、[S6]

标准答案：J

知识点。析：此空需要填一个动词，根据上下文意思J最适合。

54、[S7]

标准答案：E

知识点露析：注意上文提到三个国家，这里说到第二个，应该用another,而不是

other.

55、[S8]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：上下文的结构提示应填形容词，根据句意，available最符合。

56、[S91

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据文章的总体思想和行文逻辑，可知此处填入revolutionary,表示

“革命性的，猛烈的”。

57、[SI0]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：根据上下文的意思，知道此处填入表示“代替，取代”的动词。

十、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共70题，每题7.0

分，共10分。）

Throughouthistorypeoplehavebeenputtodeathforvariousformsofwrongdoing.The

deathpenaltyisthemostcontroversialpenalpracticeinthemodemworld.Otherharsh,

physicalformsofcriminalpunishment一re1erredtoascorporalpunishment（体罚）一

havegenerallybeeneliminatedinmodemtimes.Inthemajorityofcountries,

contemporarymethodsofpunishment—suchasimprisonmentorfines—haveabandoned

infliction（施力口）ofphysicalpain.Althoughimprisonmentandfinesareuniversally

recognizedasnecessarytothecontrolofcrime,thenationsoftheworldaresplitonthe

issueofcapitalpunishment.About90nationshaveabolishedthedeathpenaltyandan

almostequalnumberofnationsretainit.Thetrendinmostindustrializednationshas

beentofirststopexecutingprisonersandthentosubstitutelongtermsofimprisonment

fordeathasthemostsevereofallcriminalpenalties.TheUnitedStatesisanimportant

exception.ThefederalgovernmentandamajorityofU.S.statesprovideforthedeath

penalty,andonaverage75executionsoccureachyearthroughouttheUnitedStates.

Sinceancienttimesmostgovernmentshavepunishedcrimesbydeathasaroutinepartof

theadministrationofcriminallaw.However,inthenfid-18thcentury,socialcriticsbegan

tocriticizegovernmentpracticestheyconsideredunjust,includingcapitalpunishment.

Thedebateoverwhethergovernmentsshouldutilizethedeathpenaltycontinuestoday.

Criticsofcapitalpunishmentarguethatitiscruelandinsulting;whilesupportersassert

thatitisauniquelyeffectivepunishmentthatpreventscrime.However,advocatesand

opponentsofthedeathpenaltydisputetheproperinterpretationofstatisticalanalysesof

itspreventingeffect.Opponentsofcapitalpunishmentseethedeathpenaltyasahuman

fightsissueinvolvingthelimitsofgovernmentalpower.Incontrast,theadvocatestendto

regardcapitalpunishmentasanissueofcriminaljusticepolicy.Becauseofthese

alternativeviewpoints,therewillbefurtherdebatenotonlyaboutwhatistheright

answeroncapitalpunishmentbutaboutwhattypeofquestionisbeingaskedwhenthe

deathpenaltybecomesapublicissue.

58、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,corporalpunishment.

A、isacontroversialpenalpracticenow

B、ismerewelcomethandeathpenaltyinmostcountries

C>ismoreeffectivethanimprisonmentandfines

D、isallhistoryinmostcountries

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第一段提到“现代社会普遍废除了体罚：在大多数国家，一些当

代惩罚方式比如监禁和罚款已经废止了对肉体的惩罚。”因此，选项D“体罚在大多

数国家已经成为历史”是完全符合文章内容的。

59、Inmostcountries,.

A、peoplearesplitontheissueofcapitalpunishment

deathpenaltyhasbeenabolished

C^deathpenaltyhasbeenretained

D、imprisonmentandfinesarebelievedtobeeffectivepenalpractice

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第一段提到“尽管监禁和罚款普遍被看做是一种控制犯罪的必要

手段，世界上的国家在死刑问题上还是有分歧。大约90个国家已经废除了死刑，

而几乎同样多的国家还在执行死刑。”可见，我们无法说绝大多数国家究竟是废除

了还是保留了死刑；我们只能肯定绝大多数国家将监禁和罚款看做一种有效的惩罚

手段。注意universally和mostcountries在意思上是对等的。因此，选项D是E确

的。

60、Whatdoyouknowfromthesecondparagraph?

A、Industrializedcountrieshaveformedthetendencyofabolishingdeathpenalty.

B、Imprisonmentisthemostseriouspunishmentinindustrializedcountries.

C、Differentfromotherindustrializedcountries,Americadoesn'tadoptimprisonment.

D、75criminalsareexecutedintheUnitedStateseveryyear.

标准答案：A-

知识点解析：第二段提到'、大多数工业国家形成了这样一种趋势，即首先停止处死

犯人，然后用长期的监禁代替死刑作为最严厉的刑罚。而美国却是个例外。美国联

邦政府和大多数州都使用死刑，全美国平均每年处死75名犯人。”可见，选项

A”工业国家已经形成了废除死刑的趋势”是符合文章内容的。选项D和D都有很大

的迷惑性。选项B说监禁是工业国家最严厉的惩罚，而我们知道美国是个例外。

选项D说在美国每年都有75人被处以死刑，而其实这只是一个平均数而并非年年

如此，所以这个表达很不严密。

61、Theissueofdeathpenalty.

A、originatedfromtheancienttimes

B、hasbeenpartofcriticismongovernment

C、onlyinvolvesthelegalproblems

D^isthemajorconcernofsocialcritics

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第三段提到“从古时起，政府就采用死刑惩罚犯罪，并将其作为

刑法实施中的常规惯例；可见在古代还没有关于死刑问题的争议，因此排除A

项。然后，文章又说在18世纪，社会批评家们开始批评政府的不公正行为，其中

就包括死刑”，因此选项B说死刑问题曾经是对政府批评的一部分是符合文章内容

的.选项C是不正确的.因为从文章最后一段可以看出死刑问题不仅仅涉及到法

律问题，还涉及到道德等诸多方面的问题。

62、Opponentsofcapitalpunishmentbelievethat.

A^deathpenaltyisanissueofcriminaljusticepolicy

B、therewillbemoredebateontheissueofdeathpenalty

C、governmentsexceedtheirpowerontheissueofdeathpenalty

D^humanrightsaremoreimportantthancrimeprevention

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章最后一段提到“Opponentsofcapitalpunishmentseethedeath

penaltyasahumanrightsissueinvolvingthelimitsofgovernmentalpower.”反对死刑的

人认为死刑是一个与人或有关的话题，而且涉及到政府的权限问题；我们可以推断

出这些人在暗示政府在死刑问题上是越权了。因此，选项C是最符合文章内容

的。

PeopleintheUScannowcarryanartificialintelligence(AI)aroundintheirpocket,

whereitwaitspatientlytobetoldwhattodo.Siri,aniPhoneapplicationthatunderstands

spokencommandsandusesthewebtocarrythemout,isabyproductfromaUSmilitary

projecttodevelopanartificiallyintelligentassistant.Manypeople'sexperienceofa

"virtualassistant"maybelimitedtoMicrosoft'sannoyingclassicMr.Clippy.Butinthe

weekwespenttogether,myAIassistanthasperformedadmirablyinfindingme

restaurants,orthelocationofthenearestcoffeeshop.Iiwasn'tevenstumpedwhenI

asked"doIneedmyumbrellatoday?*'comingstraightbackwiththelocalweather

forecast.Atypicalcommandmightbe:"ReserveatablefortwoatagoodFrench

restaurantinSanFrancisco.1'Sirirespondsbypresentingalistoftop-ratedrestaurants

thatcanbebookedonOpenT.Ifyousaywhichtimeyouwant,itcanbookyoua

tablewithoutyourliftingafinger.InsomewaysSiriisjustafancyfront-endtothe35

sitesitcanconnectto,fromtaxibookingsitestomoviereviewdatabases.Butwhat'snew

isthewayitcaninterprettheintentionsofitsmasterormistressandusethosesitestoput

themintoaction.Doingthatrequirestheabilitytoactuallyunderstandthemeaningof

wordsyouuse,notjustpassingonkeywordsblindly,saysSirico-founderAdamCheyer.

"Bookafbur-starrestaurantinBostonseemsprettystraightforward,"saysChcycr,"until

yourealisethatBookisacityintheUS,andStarisalsoacityintheUS,andthereare13

Bostons,andStarisalsothenameofarestaurant."TocutthroughwhatCheyercallsthe

"combinedexplosionofinterpretations'1,Siriusesyourlocation,andthehistoryofthe

commandsyou'vegiven.Itknowsthat"book"ismostlikelyacommandverb,unlessyou

happentobenearthecityofBook.Siriattachesprobabilitiestotheinterpretationofeach

wordandcross-reference］参照)withyourlocationandotherdata,someofwhichyou

mustprovideyourself.

63Accordingtothepassage,Siriismostprobably.

A^stillatitsexperimentalstage

B、verypopularwithiPhoneusers

C^aUSmilitaryassistantsoftware

D、anartificialintelligencesoftware

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据本文第1段可知文章接下来将介绍一种可放在口袋里随身携带的

人工智能，而第2段的Siri就是这种人工智能的名字，结合第2