2026届安徽江南十校高三下册5月学业质量检测英语试卷【附解析】

/2026届高三5月学业质量检测英语注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号框涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号框。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1.Whatdidthewomandislikeaboutlastnight’smeal?A.Thesoup.B.Thecake.C.Thepizza.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theirhobbies.B.Apopularbook.C.Anelectronicdevice.3.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Workmates.C.Doctorandpatient.4.WhatmightMr.Jonesbe?A.Arepairman.B.Asalesman.C.Adeliveryman.5.Howwillthemanhelpthewoman?A.Bydustingthehouse.B.Bydoingthewashing.C.Bytakingouttherubbish.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。听第下面的录音，回答第6、7题。6.WhatdoesSamhavetroublewith?A.Stafftraining.B.Accountregistration.C.Computersetup.7.WhatwillSamdonext?A.Deleteane-mail.B.Giveanamelist.C.Askforphotos.听第下面的录音，回答第8、9题。8.Wheredothespeakerswork?A.Ataschool.B.Atatoystore.C.Atthedentist’s.9.Whatisthewoman’smainconcern?A.Thesizeofthewaitingarea.B.Thebudgetforremodeling.C.Thereputationofthecompany.听第下面的录音，回答第10至12题。10.WhydoesBrianlookupset?A.Hehaslostmoney.B.Hisexpensesarehigh.C.Hisspendingishardtoworkout.11.WhatcostsBrianmosteverymonth?A.Therent.B.Thefood.C.Thebooks.12.HowmuchdoesBrianspendontransporteverymonth?A.50pounds.B.30pounds.C.28pounds.听第下面的录音，回答第13至16题。13.Whatdoesthemanmajorin?A.Business.B.Accounting.C.Teaching.14.Whatdoesthemanthinkofhismajor?A.It’spromising.B.It’seasytolearn.C.It’sbestforhim.15.Whatdifficultydoesthemanfaceinhisstudies?A.Memorizingsomedata.B.Findinghisownstudymethod.C.Dealingwithdifferentsituations.16.Whatismostimportantaccordingtotheman?A.Experience.B.Degree.C.Ambition.听第下面的录音，回答第17至20题。17.WhatdoesthespeakerrecommendseeinginSt.Andrews?A.Ancientsites.B.Woolencloths.C.Modernbuildings.18.WhatcanbelearnedfromthemuseuminCluny?A.Whenthevillagewasconstructed.B.Howimportantsheepwereintheregion.C.Whatthevillagelookedlike1,000yearsago.19.WhatcanlistenersdoinPennerley?A.Trygrowingvegetables.B.Shopatafarmer’smarket.C.Visitthemuseumofvillagelife.20.Whatisthelastattractionabout?A.Farmanimals.B.Agriculturalproducts.C.Transportdevelopment.第二部分阅读（共20小题，每小题2.5分，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAESUisanEducationalTravelServiceandWorldwideDestinationManagementcompany,foundedin1977.OurheadofficeislocatedinBaltimore,MD.Wespecializeincollegestudentandyoungprofessionaltrips,graduationtours,andcustomizedgrouptravelworldwide.WearecurrentlyseekingenthusiasticindividualstojoinourteamasEuropeanTourManagersfortheSummer2026season.Responsibilities:•Createandpresententertaining,informativetravelcommentarytotourparticipants•Handleday-to-dayoperationaltasksduringtours•Addresscustomerneedsandmaintainapositivegroupdynamic•Buildrelationshipswithsuppliers,regionalguides,andAESUstaff•ProvideaccuratetouraccountingforeveryassignedtourRequirements:•Previousexperienceinleadershippositions•ExcellentcommandofEnglishandatleastoneotherEuropeanlanguage(Italian,German,etc.)•Strongorganizationalandcommunicationskills•DeepunderstandingofEuropeanplaces,cultures,art,andhistory•Problem-solvingabilitiesandstressresistance•AvailabilitytoworkinMayandJuneWhatWeOffer:•Excellentincomeopportunitythroughbasepayplusbonus,commissions,andtips•TraininginVienna,Austria•Travelto/fromtourdestination,tourtransportation,accommodations,andmealsduringtours•BeingpartofafunandknowledgeableteamcreatingunforgettabletravelexperiencesHowtoApply:Ifyouthinkyouareagoodfit,pleasesendanemailwithashortdescriptionaboutyourselfandastatementhighlightingyourmostrelevantqualifications.Includeyourresume(CV)witharecentphotograph.Emailtocareers@.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutAESU?A.Itwasfoundedin2026. B.Itprovideseducationaltours.C.Itspecializesinfamilyoutings. D.Itmainlyservespreschoolers.2.WhatisrequiredtojoinAESU?A.AvailabilityinJuly. B.FluencyinEnglishorItalian.C.TraininginGermany. D.Workexperienceinleadership.3.Inwhichsectionofanewperwillthetextprobablybetakenfrom?A.Nature. B.Advertisements. C.Health. D.Sports.【正确答案】1.B2.D3.B【导语】本文是AESU教育旅游服务公司的招聘广告，主要介绍了公司背景及2026年夏季欧洲旅游经理职位的职责、要求、待遇和申请方式。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“AESUisanEducationalTravelServiceandWorldwideDestinationManagementcompany,foundedin1977.(AESU是一家教育旅游服务和全球目的地管理公司，成立于1977年。)”以及“Wespecializeincollegestudentandyoungprofessionaltrips,graduationtours,andcustomizedgrouptravelworldwide.(我们专门为大学生、年轻职场人士旅行、毕业旅行以及全球定制团体旅行提供服务。)”可知，这家公司提供教育类旅游服务。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“Requirements”部分的第一点“Previousexperienceinleadershippositions(有领导岗位的既往经验)”可知，应聘者需要具备领导力相关的工作经验。【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段“WearecurrentlyseekingenthusiasticindividualstojoinourteamasEuropeanTourManagersfortheSummer2026season.(我们现诚聘热心积极之士，加入团队担任2026年夏季欧洲线路领队。)”可知，本文是一则招聘广告，介绍了公司背景、招聘职位、职责要求、待遇福利和申请方式等信息，这类内容通常出现在报纸的广告版块。BTheAmericanpoetLouiseGlück,whoseworkmainlyexploresdifficulthumanemotions,hasbeenawardedthe2020NobelPrizeinLiterature.TheNobelCommitteepraisedher“uniquemythologicalperspectivethatmakesindividualfeelingsuniversal,”describingheras“apoetoffundamentalchangeandrebirth,wheretheleapforwardismadefromadeepsenseofloss.”Glück,77,learnedthenewsbyphoneearlyThursdaymorning.Shesaidafterthecallshewasstillinastateof“astoundment,”withphotographersgatheredoutsideherhome.RecallingtheconversationwithaNobelCommitteemember,shesaid,“Ialmostcried,anditseemedtomeunbelievablethattheywouldchooseanAmericanpoet.”Glück’spoetryfrequentlydrawsonmythologicallanguage,usingfigureslikePersephonetorepresentpersonaltransformation.NobelCommitteechairmanAndersOlssonpointedoutherseeminglynaturalstyleanddirectimagesofpainfulfamilyrelationships.LaureateRobertPinsky,aU.S.poet,admiredherintelligenceandsharpwritingstyle.HarvardprofessorStephanieBurtnotedthatGlück’poemsareknownfortheirfreeverseandhonestexpression.BorninNewYorkin1943,Glückpublishedherfirstcollectionin1968,quicklybuildingherreputationforusingsimplelanguagetoexploredeephumanconcernslikelonelinessandloss.AtYale,whereshewasaprofessor,sheworkedcloselywithyoungstudentsasajudgefortheYaleSeriesofYoungerPoetsPrize,settingthetonefortheirworkslater.ColleagueLangdonHammersaid,“She’ssomeonewhohasadeepvocationasateacherwithacalling.”Overthedecades,GlückhasbecomeoneofAmerica’smostcelebratedpoets,winningUSPoetin2003-04andaNationalHumanitiesMedalin2015.4.WhatdoesGlück’spoetryfocusonaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Humanemotions. B.Mythologicalthemes.C.Socialchanges. D.Unsolvedmysteries.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“astoundment”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Calmnessandindifference. B.Inspirationandamusement.C.Shockandexcitement. D.Nervousnessandworry.6.Whyaretheseacademics’commentsmentionedinparagraph3?A.TorevealGlück’sfamilyrelationship. B.TostressGlück’swritingstyle.C.TointroduceGlück’seducationbackground. D.ToshowGlück’stransformation.7.WhatcanweinferaboutGlückasateacher?A.Sheinfluencedherstudents’works. B.Shewonprizesasateachingexpert.C.Sheworkedatseveraluniversities. D.Shecalledonstudentstobejudges.【正确答案】4.A5.C6.B7.A【导语】本文主要介绍了美国诗人LouiseGlück获得2020年诺贝尔文学奖的消息，以及她的诗歌风格、创作主题和在教育领域的贡献。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“TheAmericanpoetLouiseGlück,whoseworkmainlyexploresdifficulthumanemotions,hasbeenawardedthe2020NobelPrizeinLiterature.(美国诗人路易丝·格鲁克的作品主要探索艰难的人类情感，她被授予2020年诺贝尔文学奖。)”可知，格鲁克的诗歌主要关注人类情感。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Glück,77,learnedthenewsbyphoneearlyThursdaymorning.Shesaidafterthecallshewasstillinastateof‘astoundment,’withphotographersgatheredoutsideherhome.RecallingtheconversationwithaNobelCommitteemember,shesaid,‘Ialmostcried,anditseemedtomeunbelievablethattheywouldchooseanAmericanpoet.’(77岁的格鲁克于周四清晨通过电话得知了这一消息。她在通话后表示自己仍处于‘astoundment’状态，摄影师聚集在她家门外。回忆起与诺贝尔奖委员会成员的谈话时，她说：‘我差点哭了，在我看来他们选择一个美国诗人是不可思议的。’)”可知，得知获奖消息时她情绪激动，甚至差点流泪，并感到难以置信，这说明她处于震惊和激动的状态。“astoundment”意为“震惊”，与“Shockandexcitement”意思相近。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“NobelCommitteechairmanAndersOlssonpointedoutherseeminglynaturalstyleanddirectimagesofpainfulfamilyrelationships.LaureateRobertPinsky,aU.S.poet,admiredherintelligenceandsharpwritingstyle.HarvardprofessorStephanieBurtnotedthatGlück’poemsareknownfortheirfreeverseandhonestexpression.(诺贝尔委员会主席AndersOlsson指出了她看似自然的风格和对痛苦家庭关系的直接描写。美国桂冠诗人RobertPinsky赞赏她的智慧和犀利的写作风格。哈佛教授StephanieBurt指出Glück的诗歌以自由诗体和诚实表达著称。)”可知，这些学者的评论都在强调Glück的写作风格——自然、犀利、自由诗体和诚实表达。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“AtYale,whereshewasaprofessor,sheworkedcloselywithyoungstudentsasajudgefortheYaleSeriesofYoungerPoetsPrize,settingthetonefortheirworkslater.ColleagueLangdonHammersaid,‘She’ssomeonewhohasadeepvocationasateacherwithacalling.’(在耶鲁大学担任教授期间，她作为耶鲁青年诗人系列奖的评委与年轻学生密切合作，为他们后来的作品定下了基调。同事LangdonHammer说：‘她是一位有着使命感、具有深厚天职感的教师。’)”可知，Glück作为评委为年轻诗人的作品定下基调，说明她影响了学生们的创作。CWhatifyourdailyhabitsinyourtwentiescouldpredicthowlongyouwilllive?Arecentstudysuggeststhat,atleastforonespeciesoffish,thismightbethecase.ScientistshavediscoveredthatsleeppatternsandactivitylevelsinyouthcanserveasreliableindicatorsoffuturelifenintheAfricanturquoisekillifish,asmallspeciesknownforitsunusuallyshortlife.Theresearchteamtracked81killifishfromtheiradolescenceallthewaytodeath.Usinganautomatedvideosystem,theycapturedthefishes’everymovement24hoursadaythroughouttheirentirelives.Tomakesenseofthemassiveamountofdata,theresearchersbuiltamachine-learningmodeltoidentifypatternsinvariousbehavioralcharacteristics,suchasmovementfrequency,swimmingspeedandrestperiods.Theresultswerestriking.Attheageof100days—whichequalsroughlytheearlymiddleageforkillifish—individualsthatwouldeventuallylivelonger(survivingbeyond200days)were,onaverage,moreactiveandfaster-movingthanthosewithshorterlives.Thelong-livedfishalsoshowedaclearpreferenceforsleepingduringthenight,whiletheshort-livedonesweremorelikelytotakenapsduringthedaytime.Thesebehavioraldifferencesemergedlongbeforeanyvisiblesignsofagingordiseaseappeared.Accordingtoaneuroscientistwhowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,thesefindingssuggestthatevenearly-adulthoodbehaviorcanoffercluesabouthowagingwillunfold.Thestudyraisestheexcitingpossibilitythatscientistsmightonedaybeabletoestimateanindividual’sbiologicalageandpredictlifenlongbeforetraditionalmarkersofagingbecomeapparent.However,theresearcherscautionthatapplyingthesefindingstohumansremainsadistantgoal.Trackingeverysinglemovementoveranentirehumanlifetimeiscurrentlyimpossible,andtherelationshipbetweenbehavior,agingandlifeninpeopleisfarmorecomplex.Nevertheless,thestudyopensnewdoorsforagingresearch,particularlyintestinghowlifestyleinterventions(干预)mightinfluencelongevity.8.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinparagraph1?A.Bymakingacomparison. B.Byprovidingdata.C.Byreportingadiscovery. D.Bydefiningaterm.9.Whatwasspecialaboutthelong-livedkillifishintheirearlyadulthood?A.Theywereshorterinlength. B.Theymovedataslowerspeed.C.Theytooknapsindaylight. D.Theypreferredtosleepatnight.10.Whatisachallengeofapplyingthefindings?A.Trackinglifetimehumanmovements. B.Testinglifestyleinterventions.C.Simplifyinghumanagingpatterns. D.Pickingoutthekeyfactors.11.Whatcanbeabesttitleforthetext?A.DailyHabitsDecideYourCharacters B.YouthBehaviorsPredictLifenC.EnoughSleepContributestoLongLife D.MachineLearningUnlocksAging【正确答案】8.C9.D10.A11.B【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家针对非洲蓝鳉鱼的一项研究。研究发现，这种鱼类在青年时期的睡眠模式和活动水平可以作为预测其未来寿命的可靠指标，这为衰老研究提供了新视角，但也指出了将该发现应用于人类的挑战。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Whatifyourdailyhabitsinyourtwentiescouldpredicthowlongyouwilllive?Arecentstudysuggeststhat,atleastforonespeciesoffish,thismightbethecase.(如果你二十多岁的日常习惯能预测你能活多久会怎样？最近的一项研究表明，至少对一种鱼类来说，情况可能是这样。)”可知，作者通过讲述一项科学发现引出文章话题。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thelong-livedfishalsoshowedaclearpreferenceforsleepingduringthenight,whiletheshort-livedonesweremorelikelytotakenapsduringthedaytime.(长寿的鱼还表现出明显的夜间睡眠偏好，而短寿的鱼则更可能在白天小睡。)”可知，长寿鳉鱼成年早期的特点是偏爱夜间睡眠。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Trackingeverysinglemovementoveranentirehumanlifetimeiscurrentlyimpossible,andtherelationshipbetweenbehavior,agingandlifeninpeopleisfarmorecomplex.(目前不可能追踪整个人类一生的每一个动作，而且人的行为、衰老和寿命之间的关系要复杂得多。)”可知，将这些发现应用于人类的一个主要挑战是追踪人类一生的运动轨迹。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“ScientistshavediscoveredthatsleeppatternsandactivitylevelsinyouthcanserveasreliableindicatorsoffuturelifenintheAfricanturquoisekillifish,asmallspeciesknownforitsunusuallyshortlife.(科学家们发现，非洲蓝鳉鱼（一种以寿命异常短暂而闻名的小型鱼类）在幼年时期的睡眠模式和活动水平，可作为其未来寿命的可靠指标。)”以及后文内容可知，文章开篇提出日常习惯能否预测寿命的问题，接着介绍鳉鱼幼年行为可预判寿命的研究，后文围绕该研究意义、局限和研究价值展开，全文核心是幼年行为可预测寿命。B项“YouthBehaviorsPredictLifen(幼年行为预测寿命)”最贴合文章主旨，适合作为标题。DFordecades,cancerresearchhasbeendisturbedbyapersistentproblem:thedatausedtotrainartificialintelligence(AI)oftenexcludesdiversepopulations.ManymedicaldatasetsareoverwhelminglycollectedfrompatientsofEuropeandescent(血统),meaningAImodelslearntodiagnoseandtreatcancerdependingonanarrowsliceofhumanity.Thislackofdiversitycanleadtomisdiagnosisorineffectivetreatmentforunderrepresentedgroups.Now,ateamatMIT’sComputerScienceandArtificialIntelligenceLaboratory(CSAIL)hasdevelopedanoveltechniquethatusesgenerativeAItoaddressthisinequalityhead-on.Insteadofsimplygettingridofbiaseddata,theirmodelcreatessynthetic(合成的)medicalimages—suchasbreastcancerscans—thatarebasedonthecharacteristicsofrealpatientsfromdiverseracialandethnicbackgrounds.Thesesyntheticimagesarenotofrealpeople;theyaredigitallygeneratedrepresentationsdesignedtofillthegapsinexistingdatasets.Thepotentialistransformative.BytrainingdiagnosticAIonamorebalanceddatasetenrichedwiththesesyntheticimages,thesystem’saccuracyacrossallpopulationgroupsimprovessignificantly.Earlytestsshowthatthetechniquecanreduceaformofalgorithmicbiasknownas“underspecification,”wheremodelsperformwellonpaperbutfailinreal-world,diverseclinicalsettings.“Wearenotjustfixingthedata;wearefundamentallyre-engineeringthefairnessofthemodel.”explainsleadresearcherDr.SarahChen.However,themethodisadouble-edgedsword.Whileitcan“unbias”data,theverysametechnologycouldbeweaponizedtoincreasebias.Ifanill-intentionedresearcherusesthesametechniquetogeneratesyntheticdatathatover-representsaparticulargrouporleadstoharmfulstereotypes(刻板印象),itcouldcreateAImodelsthatareevenmoreprejudicedthanthosetrainedonreal-worlddata.Thelinebetweencorrectinghistoricalunfairnessandcreatingnew,syntheticonesisprettythin.Thisconcernplacesasignificantethicalburdenonresearchers.WhatshouldbeconfirmedisnolongertheaccuracyofanAImodelbuttheethicalsoundness.Afterall,inthescientists’eyesitcanpromisefairerhealthcareintheyearstocome.12.Whatproblemhaspuzzledresearchersincancertreatment?A.Highcostofcollectingdata. B.OveruseofAIindiagnosis.C.Biaseddatasampling. D.Misdiagnosisforpatients.13.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Theprincipleofthetechnique. B.Theprocessoftherepresentation.C.Thepurposeofthestudy. D.Theachievementsofthedesign.14.WhatisDr.SarahChen’sattitudetowardsthenewmethod?A.Objective. B.Worried. C.Optimistic D.Doubtful.15.WhatshouldfuturescientistspayattentiontowhenusingAImodels?A.Gettingridoftheconcern. B.Creatingmoretrainingimages.C.Checkingforethicalrisks. D.Avoidingnegativestereotypes.【正确答案】12.C13.A14.C15.C【导语】本文主要介绍了麻省理工学院（MIT）研究团队开发的一项新技术，利用生成式人工智能解决癌症研究中医疗数据集缺乏多样性的问题。文章阐述了该技术的工作原理、潜力、面临的伦理风险以及对未来科研的启示。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Fordecades,cancerresearchhasbeendisturbedbyapersistentproblem:thedatausedtotrainartificialintelligence(AI)oftenexcludesdiversepopulations.ManymedicaldatasetsareoverwhelminglycollectedfrompatientsofEuropeandescent(血统),meaningAImodelslearntodiagnoseandtreatcancerdependingonanarrowsliceofhumanity.(几十年来，癌症研究一直被一个顽固的问题困扰：用于训练人工智能的数据往往排除了多样化的人群。许多医疗数据集绝大多数来自欧洲血统的患者，这意味着人工智能模型是在人类的一个狭窄切片上进行癌症诊断和治疗的。)”可知，困扰癌症治疗研究人员的核心问题是数据采样存在偏见，缺乏多样性。【13题详解】主旨大意题。第二段首句“Now,ateamatMIT’sComputerScienceandArtificialIntelligenceLaboratory(CSAIL)hasdevelopedanoveltechniquethatusesgenerativeAItoaddressthisinequalityhead-on.(现在，麻省理工学院计算机科学与人工智能实验室的一个团队开发了一种新技术，利用生成式人工智能正面解决这种不平等。)”点明了段落主旨；随后进一步说明：“Insteadofsimplygettingridofbiaseddata,theirmodelcreatessynthetic(合成的)medicalimages—suchasbreastcancerscans—thatarebasedonthecharacteristicsofrealpatientsfromdiverseracialandethnicbackgrounds.(他们的模型不是简单地剔除有偏差的数据，而是创造合成医学图像——如乳腺癌扫描图像——这些图像基于来自不同种族和民族背景的真实患者的特征。)”可知，本段整体围绕这项技术的运作原理展开介绍。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中Dr.Chen所说的“Wearenotjustfixingthedata;wearefundamentallyre-engineeringthefairnessofthemodel.(我们不仅仅是在修复数据；我们从根本上重新设计了模型的公平性。)”可知，Dr.Chen对这项新方法持积极乐观的态度，认为它能从根本上重新设计模型的公平性，而不仅仅是修补数据。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thisconcernplacesasignificantethicalburdenonresearchers.WhatshouldbeconfirmedisnolongertheaccuracyofanAImodelbuttheethicalsoundness.(这种担忧给研究人员带来了重大的伦理负担。现在需要确认的不再是人工智能模型的准确性，而是其伦理合理性。)”可知，未来的科学家在使用人工智能模型时应关注伦理风险的核查。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inaworldcrazyaboutgradesandrankings,it’seasytodefineourworthbyexternaloutcomes.However,psychologistCarolDweck’sconceptof“mindset”offersadifferentpath.Shedistinguishesbetweenafixedmindset(thebeliefthatourintelligenceisstable)andagrowthmindset(thebeliefthatabilitiescanbedevelopedthroughdedicationandhardwork).____16____Theyshapeourrelationshipwithchallengesandeffort.So,howdoesthisplayoutindailylife?Theanswerliesinhowwehandledifficulties.Thosewithafixedmindsettendtoavoidchallenges,fearingthatfailuremightexposealackofintelligence.____17____Theyunderstandthatstruggleisnotasignofweaknessbutanessentialpartofmasteringsomethingnew.Forthem,effortiswhatactuallystrengthenstheirabilities.Thisperspectiveisbackedbyneuroscience.____18____Whenwestepoutofourcomfortzoneandtackledifficultproblems,ourbrainformsnewneuralconnections.Thisprocess,knownasneuroplasticity,provesthatwecanliterallymakeourselvessmarterthroughlearningandpractice.Howcanwedevelopthismindset?Startbylisteningtoyourinnervoice.Whenyouthink,“Ican’tdothis,”addonesimpleword:“yet”____19____Ittransformsastatementoflimitationintoapromiseoffuturepotential.Thissmallshiftinself-talkcanbethefirststeptowardembracinglifelonggrowth.Ultimately,agrowthmindsetfreesusfromtheneedforconstantconfirmation.Itallowsustoseesetbacksnotasjudgmentsofourworth,butasvaluablefeedback.____20____Webegintovaluetheprocessoflearningitself,findingjoyinthejourneyofimprovementratherthanjustthefinaldestination.A.Thistinywordimpliesthatlearningisagradualprocess.B.However,theothergroupofpeopledoexactlytheopposite.C.Thereisascientificexplanationforwhythismindsetworks.D.Thesetwomindsetsfundamentallyalterhowweviewourselves.E.Theyfirmlybelievethattruepotentialisunknownandachievable.F.Therefore,weshouldavoiddifficulttaskstoprotectourself-esteem.G.Italsohelpsusseparateourcoreidentityfromtheoutcomesweexperience.【正确答案】16.D17.B18.C19.A20.G【导语】本文主要介绍了心理学家CarolDweck提出的“成长型思维模式”概念，阐述了固定型思维与成长型思维的区别，并从日常生活表现、神经科学依据、培养方法和最终价值四个方面进行了详细说明。【16题详解】上文“However,psychologistCarolDweck’sconceptof“mindset”offersadifferentpath.Shedistinguishesbetweenafixedmindset(thebeliefthatourintelligenceisstable)andagrowthmindset(thebeliefthatabilitiescanbedevelopedthroughdedicationandhardwork).(然而，心理学家CarolDweck提出的“心态”概念提供了另一种思路。她区分了固定型思维（认为我们的智力是稳定的）和成长型思维（认为能力可以通过专注和努力来发展）。)”介绍了CarolDweck区分的两种思维模式——固定型思维（认为智力是稳定的）和成长型思维（认为能力可通过努力发展）。下文“Theyshapeourrelationshipwithchallengesandeffort.(它们塑造了我们与挑战和努力的关系。)”中的“They”指代前文提到的两种思维。D选项“Thesetwomindsetsfundamentallyalterhowweviewourselves.(这两种思维模式从根本上改变了我们看待自己的方式。)”中“Thesetwomindsets”恰好指代上文的两种思维，“alterhowweviewourselves”与下文“shapeourrelationshipwithchallengesandeffort”形成递进补充关系。【17题详解】上文“Thosewithafixedmindsettendtoavoidchallenges,fearingthatfailuremightexposealackofintelligence.(固定型思维的人倾向于回避挑战，害怕失败暴露智力不足。)”描述了固定型思维者的表现。下文“Theyunderstandthatstruggleisnotasignofweaknessbutanessentialpartofmasteringsomethingnew.(他们明白挣扎不是软弱的标志，而是掌握新事物的重要部分。)”描述的是另一类人——成长型思维者。B选项“However,theothergroupofpeopledoexactlytheopposite.(然而，另一群人的做法完全相反。)”中“However”形成转折，“theothergroup”与上文“Thosewithafixedmindset”形成对比，“doexactlytheopposite”自然引出下文成长型思维者的积极态度。【18题详解】上文“Thisperspectiveisbackedbyneuroscience.(这一观点有神经科学的支持。)”引出科学依据。下文“Whenwestepoutofourcomfortzoneandtackledifficultproblems,ourbrainformsnewneuralconnections.(当我们走出舒适区解决难题时，大脑会形成新的神经连接。)”开始具体解释科学原理。C选项“Thereisascientificexplanationforwhythismindsetworks.(这种思维模式之所以有效，有科学的解释。)”承上启下，既呼应上文“neuroscience”，又引出下文关于神经可塑性的具体解释。【19题详解】上文“Whenyouthink,‘Ican’tdothis,'addonesimpleword:‘yet’(当你想‘我做不到’时，加一个简单的词：‘还’)”介绍了在自我对话中加“yet”的技巧。下文“Ittransformsastatementoflimitationintoapromiseoffuturepotential.(它将限制性陈述转化为对未来潜力的承诺。)”说明了这一技巧的效果。A选项“Thistinywordimpliesthatlearningisagradualprocess.(这个小小的词暗示学习是一个渐进的过程。)”中“Thistinyword”指代上文的“yet”，解释了为什么加“yet”能将“做不到”转化为“还做不到但未来可以”，与下文“transformsastatementoflimitationintoapromiseoffuturepotential”逻辑一致。【20题详解】上文“Itallowsustoseesetbacksnotasjudgmentsofourworth,butasvaluablefeedback.(它让我们将挫折视为有价值的反馈，而非对自身价值的评判。)”阐述了成长型思维的一个好处。下文“Webegintovaluetheprocessoflearningitself,findingjoyinthejourneyofimprovementratherthanjustthefinaldestination.(我们开始重视学习过程本身，在进步的旅途中找到乐趣，而非只关注最终结果。)”是在讲另一个好处。G选项“Italsohelpsusseparateourcoreidentityfromtheoutcomesweexperience.(它还帮助我们将核心身份与所经历的结果分开。)”中“also”表示递进，补充了成长型思维的另一重要作用——将自我认同与外在结果剥离，这与下文“valuetheprocessoflearningitself,findingjoyinthejourneyofimprovementratherthanjustthefinaldestination.”形成呼应。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。68-year-oldAnahadbeenlivingaloneinhersmallapartment.Sherarelyspoketoanyone,andherlonelinessseemedtobeawallthatnoonecould____21____Oneday,avolunteernamedSaraharrivedwithagoldenretriever(寻回犬)namedBuddy,atherapydog.Anadidn’tevenlookupwhentheyentered.Quietly,Buddylaydownonthefloor.“ThisisBuddy,”Sarahsaidsoftly.“Hecomestovisiteveryweek.”Anadidn’t____22____Forthefirstfewvisits,nothingchanged.Anaremained____23____.However,eachtime,Buddywouldliequietlynearherchair,occasionallylookingupatherwithhisgentlebrowneyes.Onthefourthvisit,something____24____happened.AsBuddylaybesideher,Anaslowlyloweredherhandandletitrestonhisback.Herfingersmovedslightly,____25____hissoftfur.Sarahheldherbreath,notwantingto____26____themoment.“He’swarm!”Anawhispered.Fromthatdayon,thingschanged.Shestarted____27____Buddy’svisits.Shebegantotalk—firstaboutBuddy,then____28____aboutherlife.The____29____wasobvious.Anawaseatingmore,sleepingbetter,andeven____30____asmilenowandthen.Shealsojoinedgroupactivitiesshehad____31____refusedtodo.Actually,therapydogscangreatlyreducelonelinessby____32____stresslevelsandincreasingsocialinteraction.Thesimplepresenceofanon-judgmentalanimalcanbedeeply____33____.OnSarah’slastvisit,AnahuggedBuddyandwhisperedintohisear.“You____34____me!”Shestoodup,lookingoutthewindow,hereyesfilledwith____35____.21.A.buildup B.turnto C.setaside D.breakthrough22.A.respond B.sing C.run D.argue23.A.angry B.happy C.active D.silent24.A.funny B.magical C.terrible D.ordinary25.A.touching B.pulling C.holding D.wetting26.A.ruin B.seize C.forget D.treasure27.A.monitoring B.expecting C.shortening D.avoiding28.A.badly B.gradually C.merely D.suddenly29.A.mistake B.expression C.difference D.pressure30.A.faking B.hiding C.controlling D.wearing31.A.willingly B.previously C.immediately D.eagerly32.A.raising B.ignoring C.lowering D.assessing33.A.healing B.convincing C.challenging D.embarrassing34.A.hurt B.saved C.disappointed D.warned35.A.pride B.innocence C.doubt D.hope【正确答案】21.D22.A23.D24.B25.A26.A27.B28.B29.C30.D31.B32.C33.A34.B35.D【导语】本文讲述了68岁独居老人Ana长期孤独沉默，在治疗犬Buddy的每周陪伴下逐渐打开心扉。从最初的漠不关心，到第一次抚摸Buddy，再到主动交流、参与活动，她的身心状况明显改善。故事揭示了治疗犬通过无条件的陪伴，能有效缓解孤独、促进社交互动，并最终给Ana的生活带来了希望。【21题详解】考查动词短语。句意：她很少与任何人交谈，孤独似乎是一堵没有人能打破的墙。A.buildup建立；B.turnto转向；C.setaside搁置；D.breakthrough突破、打破。根据前文“herlonelinessseemedtobeawall”可知，孤独像一堵墙，noonecouldbreakthrough表示“没人能打破（这堵墙）”，与wall构成搭配。【22题详解】考查动词。句意：Ana没有回应。A.respond回应；B.sing唱歌；C.run跑；D.argue争论。根据前文“Anadidn’tevenlookupwhentheyentered”可知，Ana连头都没抬，自然也没有“回应”。【23题详解】考查形容词。句意：Ana依然沉默。A.angry生气的；B.happy快乐的；C.active活跃的；D.silent沉默的。根据前文“Sherarelyspoketoanyone”以及“Forthefirstfewv