Unit4FriendsforeverUsinglanguage定语从句课件高中英语外研版

Attributiveclauses(1)Whatareattributiveclauses?在复合句中，主句中的名词和代词可以由从句来修饰。这种用来修饰主句中的名词和代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词。Ihaveanapple.Theappleisred.Ihaveanappleanditisred.Ihaveanapplewhichisred.Ihaveanapplewhichisred.主句定语从句先行词关系代词Irememberthedaywhenwemet.先行词关系副词主句定语从句定语从句非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句与先行项之间比较松散，口语中有停顿，书写常用中用逗号隔开Theman,whospokefirst,satonmyright.限制性定语从句在口语中前后没有停顿，在书写中通常不用逗号Ihaveanapplewhichisred.限制性定语从句：Rules关系代词指代的先行词在从句中的成分that指人或物主语、宾语、表语who指人主语或宾语whom指人宾语which指物主语、宾语、表语whose指人的或物的定语Rules关系代词指代的先行词在从句中的成分that指人或物主语、宾语、表语who指人主语或宾语whom指人宾语which指物主语、宾语、表语whose指人的或物的定语关系词的作用：起连词的作用，引导从句在句中作成分替代先行词做题方法：判断为定语从句划出先行词将先行词带入从句，看它在从句中作何成分，得出关系词Rules关系代词指代的先行词在从句中的成分that指人或物主语、宾语、表语who指人主语或宾语whom指人宾语which指物主语、宾语、表语whose指人的或物的定语做题方法：判断为定语从句划出先行词将先行词带入从句，看它在从句中作何成分，得出关系词Tips：作主宾表→关系代词作状语→关系副词作定语→一般用whose=ofwhom/whichRules关系代词指代的先行词在从句中的成分that指人或物主语、宾语、表语who指人主语或宾语whom指人宾语which指物主语、宾语、表语whose指人的或物的定语做题方法：判断为定语从句划出先行词将先行词带入从句，看它在从句中作何成分，得出关系词Ihaveanapple

isgreen.Iknowaman

isadoctor.Thisistheplace

wevisitedlasttime.Iknowtheman

youjusttalkedwith.that/whichthat/whothat/whichthat/who/whomRulesthat的用法that指代人或事物，在限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语(作宾语时常可省略)Ican'trecognizetheperson(that/who/whom)Imetfiveyearsago.Ruleswho/whom的用法RulesRulesWhose的用法RulesWhich的用法Rules先行词指物时，只能用that不能用which的情况当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，不能用whichThisisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverread.Thisisthebest

filmthathasbeenshownsofarinthecity.先行词是all、much、little、few、something、anything、everything、none、nothing等不定代词时。Hedideverything

thathecouldtohelpus.Rules先行词指物时，只能用that不能用which的情况先行词前有theonly、thesame、thevery、any、every、no、all、few、little、much等词语修饰时。

Readingwastheonlythingthatinterestedhermost.先行词既有人又有物时IamgoingtotalkaboutthecountriesandpeoplethatIhavevisited.主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复使用that。

Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Rules先行词指物时，只能用that不能用which的情况先行词在主句中作表语，关系代词本身在从句中也作表语时。

Shanghaiisnolongerthecity

thatitusedtobe.Rules先行词指物时，只能用which不能用that的情况关系代词位于介词后面时。ThisistheroominwhichMissLioncelived.先行词本身就是that时。Ilikethat

whichyougaveme.先行词后有插入语时ThisistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.Rules关系代词指代的先行词在从句中的成分thatwhowhomwhichwhose指人或物主语、宾语、表语指人主语、宾语指人宾语指物主语、宾语、表语指人的或物的定语Rules定语从句中的主谓一致问题当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。I,whoamyourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyou.Ididn'tmeettheguestswhowerehere.Rules定语从句中的主谓一致问题当先行词是“oneofthe+复数名词(短语)”,并且关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式；当“oneofthe+复数名词(短语)”前有theonly、thevery等时关系代词代表的是单数概念，所以从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式TheGreatWallis

oneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitors.长城是那些吸引大量游客的世界著名建筑之一。

Rules定语从句中的主谓一致问题当先行词是“oneofthe+复数名词(短语)”,并且关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式；当“oneofthe+复数名词(短语)”前有theonly、thevery等时关系代词代表的是单数概念，所以从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.长城是地球上唯一能从月球上看到的建筑物。Rules定语从句中的主谓一致问题有时先行词与关系代词隔开，这时应先确定先行词。Henryisdoingexperimentsinthelaboratorywhichareimportanttohisstudyofcertainchemicals.RulesWay后面的定语从句先行词way后面的定语从句中如果缺少主语，则关系词用that或which;如果缺少宾语，则关系词用that或which或省略关系词；如如果缺少方式状语，则用inwhich或that引导定语从句或省略关系词Thewayheexplainsthequestiontousisquitesimple.Thewayhetoldtouswasquitesimple.that/inwhich/省略which/thatBCBBDABDACBCBDBBADCCCDCACBCDAADCBAAACAttributiveclauses(2)Rules先行词关系副词在从句中的作用对应的“介词＋关系代词”表示时间的名词：time,day,week,month,year,morning,night等when作时间状语at/in/on/duringwhich表示地点的名词：park,place,country,house,street,city等where作地点状语in/at/onwhich表示原因的名词：reasonwhy作原因状语forwhichRulesWhen引导的定语从句when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time,day,morning,night,week,year等表示时间的名词。Istillremembertheday

whenIfirstcametothisschool.（when=onwhich）

Hecameatatime

whenweneededhimmost.（when=atwhich）RulesWhere引导的定语从句where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等表示地点的名词或point,case,situation,position,stage等表示抽象地点的名词。Irecentlywentbacktothetown

whereIwasborn.

（where=inwhich）What'sthenameoftheplace

whereyouspentyourholiday?

（where=atwhich）RulesWhy引导的定语从句why指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。它的先行词只有reason。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.

（why=forwhich）

Rules当先行词为表示模糊地点或抽象地点的名词，如condition、point、position、activity、case、situation、atmosphere等，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语时，用where引导定语从句。Theyhavereachedthepoint

wheretheyhavetoseparate.Youcouldgetintoasituationwhereyouhavetodecideimmediately.Rulesoccasion作“场合”讲时后接关系副词where

引导的定语从句；作“时机；时刻”讲时后接关系副词when

引导的定语从句。

OccasionsarequiterarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.Itishelpfultoputchildrenonanoccasion

wheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.Rules关系代词和关系副词的选择当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，定语从句用关系副词还是关系代词来引导，要根据关系词在定语从句中所作的成分来决定。Iwillneverforgetthedays

whenwespentourholidaystogether.（when作时间状语）Iwillneverforgetthedays

which/thatwespenttogether.（when作spent的宾语）Rules关系代词和关系副词的选择当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，定语从句用关系副词还是关系代词来引导，要根据关系词在定语从句中所作的成分来决定。Iknowaplace

wecanhaveapicnic.Iknowaplace

isfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.wherewhich/that

单句语法填空Thereason

whichshechangedhermindisquiteclear.Thedays

theytravelledtogethermeantalottohim.Wewentthroughaperiod

communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.Thisisthefactory

Ivisitedlastyear.Istillrememberthetime

Ilivedinthecountryside.forwhenwhenthat/whichwhen

1.Istillremembertheday______IfirstmetmyEnglishteacher.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.why2.Thisisthevillage______mygrandparentshavelivedforover50years.A.whenB.whyC.whereD.that3.Doyouknowthereason______Tomwaslateforschoolthismorning?A.whyB.whenC.whichD.where4.Wewillneverforgettheyear______ourschoolheldits100thanniversary.A.whereB.whyC.whenD.which5.Thehotel______westayedlastsummer