Unit5Grammar课件外研版英语八年级下学期

Understandingideas(Grammar)Unit5Lookingintonature01Teachingobjectives02Review03Grammar04VocabularyContents05Homework01Teachingobjectives语言能力掌握that/if/whether引导的宾语从句结构、陈述语序与时态呼应，能识别并理解自然科普文本中的相关句型。准确选用引导词，正确区分if/whether用法（如ornot/介词后），完成句型转换与语法填空，正确率达85%以上。结合自然主题（恐龙、琥珀、火星生命等），用宾语从句口头转述、书面表达观点与疑问，做到语法准确、表达连贯。思维品质学习能力文化意识通过例句对比与规则归纳，分析宾语从句的逻辑结构，形成“主句—引导词—从句”的句法逻辑，提升语法分析与归纳能力。借助宾语从句表达科学推测、质疑与结论，学会用“确定/不确定”的语言逻辑梳理自然发现，培养严谨的科学思维。辨析that/if/whether功能差异，判断语境选择合适引导词，提升逻辑判断与语境适配的思维准确性。运用“例句观察—规则总结—分层练习”的语法学习策略，自主梳理宾语从句用法，形成结构化语法知识体系。借助教材例句、思维导图与错题本，主动巩固易错点（语序、时态、if/whether），提升自主纠错与反思能力。小组合作完成自然主题造句与写作，在交流中互相修正语法错误，发展合作学习与语言互助能力。理解中外科学家探索自然、求证未知的精神，通过宾语从句学习其表达观点与疑问的方式，树立科学探究意识。感受英语在科普表达、学术论述中的功能，认识语法是传递科学思想的工具，形成“语言服务于内容”的文化认知。结合自然探索主题，增强尊重自然、保护自然的意识，学会用英语表达对自然奥秘的好奇与敬畏。教学重点掌握that/if/whether引导宾语从句的基本结构、陈述语序，理解引导词含义与功能差异。熟练运用that（陈述事实）、if/whether（表疑问），结合自然主题进行正确造句与句型转换。落实宾语从句时态呼应规则（主现从不限、主过从过），在语境中准确使用，提升语法准确性。教学难点克服疑问语序变陈述语序的思维定势，避免在if/whether从句中误用助动词（如do/can）。精准区分if/whether适用场景（ornot/介词后/不定式前

用whether），减少语境误用。将宾语从句自然融入自然探索话题的口语与写作，做到语法正确、内容连贯、逻辑清晰。教学重难点02ReviewCompletethesentencesbasedonwhatyouhavelearned.The

partofthecountryisverycoldinwinter.(north)Therearestillmany

secretsinnature.(know)Differentpeoplehavedifferent

aboutlife.(belief)Weshould

understandtheimportanceofnature.(full)Wewantto

thesecretsofthenaturalworld.(lock)Heisgoodat

articlesaboutlookingintonature.(write)Thesepicturesaredrawnindifferent

.(style)Wecanusedifferent

tostudyplantsandanimals.(method)Theforestis

withbirdsandsmallanimals.(live)Putforwardyour

clearlyinthediscussion.(argue)northernunknownbeliefsfullyunlockwritingstylesmethodsaliveargument03GrammarReadthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandsummarisethegrammarrules.(a)Forhundredsofyears,peoplebelievedthatdinosaurslookedlikehugelizards.(b)

Theycantelluswhetherdinosaurshadfeathers,butthat'snotall.Nowfindmoresentenceswiththesestructuresinthereadingpassage.However,thankstoapieceofamber,scientistsnow

knowthatthisideaiswrong.Butthefindprovesthatitdid35millionyearsago.Researchshowsthattheyareacompletelynewspecies.Inthefuture,ambermayalsohelpusdiscover

ifother

specieshavechangedovertime.Whoknowswhetherthispieceofamberwilltellus

moresecrets?（无实际意义）是否宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。二、结构结构：主句+引导词+从句（必须用陈述语序）三、分类宾

语从句可以分为三类：that引导的宾语从句、whether/if引导的宾语从句和疑问词引导的宾语从句。在本单元我们学习that和whether/if引导的宾语从句。例句：Ithink(that)heisright.我认为他是对的。Iwanttoknowif/whetherhewillcome.我想知道他是否会来。（1）当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“希望”、“相信”、“知道”或“说”时，其后的宾语从句一般用that引导。that没有词义，只具有语法功能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子作前面动词的宾语，多数情况下可以省略。例句：Ihope(that)youwillcometomybirthdayparty.我希望你能来参加我的生日聚会。Ibelieve(that)weshallbecomegoodfriends.我相信我们会成为好朋友。注意：并非所有的动词后面都可接tat引导的赛语从句。常接that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词有believe,expect,explain,feel,hear,hope,know,imagine,prefer,promise,report,say,see,tell,think,understand,warn,wish等。that引导的宾语从句（2）主句是“系动词+形容词”构成的系表结构时，常接that引导的宾语从句。这类形容词多表示感情，如happy,sorry,afraid,glad,sure等。例句：I'mglad(that)youarecominghereonholiday.我很高兴你要来这里度假。I'msure(that)you'lllikeit.我相信你会喜欢它。拓展：引导词that用于下列情况时不可省略：①当主从句之间有插入语时。例句：Itsays,onthecard,thatitismadeinChina.卡片上说，它产于中国。②当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。例句：I'mafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.恐怕如果你弄丢了它，你必须赔偿。that引导的宾语从句③当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。例句：Ican'ttellhimthathisfatherdied.我不能告诉他他的父亲去世了。④当两个或多个that引导的宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。例句：Hesaid(that)thefilmwasveryinterestingandthatheenjoyedseeingitverymuch.他说那部电影很有趣，他非常喜欢看。Weallknow(that)heworkshardandthathenevergivesup.我们都知道他学习努力，而且从不放弃。that引导的宾语从句whether/if引导宾语从句时，意为“是否”，表达一个不确定的概念，常放在ask,wonder,know,findout等词（组）后面。whether/if在从句中不充当句子成分但不能省略。例句：Iwonderwhether/ifhecanhelpme.我想知道他是否能帮我。Sheaskedwhether/ifIhadfinishedmyhomework.她问我是否已经完成作业。Doyouknowwhether/ifitwillraintomorrow?你知道明天是否会下雨吗？Pleasefindoutwhether/ifthemeetinghasbeenputoff.请查明会议是否已经推迟。拓展：whether和if一般情况下可以互换使用，但在下列情况下只能使用whether，不能使用if。whether/if引导的宾语从句①引导的从句作介词的宾语时例句：Iaminterestedinwhetherhewillagree.我对他是否会同意很感兴趣。Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.这取决于我们是否有足够的时间。②直接与ornot连用时例句：Idon'tknowwhetherornothewillcome.我不知道他是否会来。Wehaven'tdecidedwhetherornottoholdthesportsmeeting.我们还没决定是否举办运动会。③后面直接跟带to的不定式时例句：Mikedidn'tknowwhethertogotoAustralia.迈克不知道是否要去澳大利亚。注意：宾语从句无论由什么词引导，都要用陈述句语序。whether/if引导的宾语从句Exercise.Ithink______heisagoodstudent.Idon'tknow___________hewillcometomorrow.Sheasked___________IlikedEnglish.Wearetalkingabout________wecanfinishitontime.Hedidn'tknow________tostayorleave.Iwonder___________itisgoingtorain.Pleasetellme______youareright.I'mnotsure________ornothecanhelpus.Hesaid______hewaslateand______hewassorry.Doyouknow___________shehasabrother?thatwhether/ifwhether/ifwhetherwhetherthatwhether/ifwhetherthatthatwhether/ifConnectthesentenceswiththat,iforwhether.1Istherelifeinouterspace?Scientistsaren'tsure.2“Iwanttobeascientistandstudyplants,”Johntoldhisparents.3IsMrBrowninterestedininsectsorbirds?Emilywantstoknow.Scientistsaren'tsurewhether/ifthereislifeinouterspace.Johntoldhisparentsthathewantedtobeascientistandstudyplants.EmilywantstoknowwhetherMrBrownisinterestedininsectsorbirds.Completethemessageswiththat,iforwhether.MESSAGEBOARDHello,Iwenttoyourmuseumtoday.YoumissedPlutointhemodelofthesolarsystem.Therewereonlyeightplanetsinit.Idon'tknow1

thisisamistake.DearDaniel,Inthepast,peoplethought2

therewerenineplanets.However,questionsif/whetherthatwereraisedabout3

Plutowasaplanet.In2006,scientistsagreed4

atrueplanet:1.movesaroundthesun2.isround(ornearlyround)3.canclearthingsinitswayPlutodoesn'tmeetthethirdpoint.Therefore,wenowbelieve5

thereareeighttrueplanetsinthesolarsystem.That'swhyPlutoisn'tpartofthemodel.Pleaseletmeknow6

youneedmoreinformation.if/whetherthatwhetherthatWorkinpairs.Lookatthenoticeandwriteashortpassageaboutexploringnature.UsethewordsandexpressionsfromthereadingpassageandtheUsefulexpressionstohelpyou.Write

for

us!Thetopicforourmagazinenextmonthwillbeexploringnature,andwewouldlikeYOUto

writeaboutit!Pleasewriteashortpassageaboutdiscoveriesinnatureexploration.

Your

passageshoulddescribe:whatthediscoveryiswhomadethediscoverywhat'samazingaboutitwhatyoucanlearnfromitPleaseuploadyourpassageby30June.UsefulexpressionsForhundredsofyears,peoplebelievedthat......madeanamazingdiscovery.By...,...found/realised/sawthat...Workinpairs.Lookatthenoticeandwriteashortpassageaboutexploringnature.UsethewordsandexpressionsfromthereadingpassageandtheUsefulexpressionstohelpyou.Some

whales

make

long,

low

sounds

during

swimming.

People

often

wonder

if

the

whales

are

singing.

By

watching

and

listening

carefully,

scientists

have

discovered

that...UploadyourpassageItprovesthat...Itteachesusthat...Researchshowsthat...TheMysteriousSongsofWhalesSomewhalesmakelong,lowsoundsduringswimming.Peopleoftenwonderifthewhalesaresinging.Bywatchingandlisteningcarefully,scientistshavediscoveredthatthesesoundsarelikeaspecial“language”forwhales.Scientistsdiscoveredthissecret.Theyusedspecialunderwatermicrophonestolistentowhales.Theyfoundthatmalehumpbackwhalesmakelong,beautifulsounds.Thesesoundscantravelveryfar,acrossthousandsofmilesoftheocean!Anamazingthingisthatwhaleschangetheirsoundsovertime,justlikemakingnewsongs.Thesesoundshelpwhalesfindmatesandworktogethertohunt.Wecanlearntwothingsfromthis.First,everyanimalhasitsownwaytotalk.Justasweusewords,whalesusesounds.Second,it'simportanttobecuriousandobservenature.Ifscientistsdidn'tstudyhard,wewouldn'tknowabouttheamazing“songs”ofwhales.So,alwaysstaycuriousandexploretheworldaroundyou!Sample04Vocabularyboard/bɔːd/n.布告牌，公告牌例句：Thereisanoticeontheboard.布告牌上有一则通知。noticeboard布告牌，公告栏例句：Youcanfindtheinformationonthenoticeboard.你可以在公告栏上找到这个信息。ontheboard在布告牌上例句：Theplanisputupontheboard.这个计划被张贴在布告牌上。schoolboard学校布告栏例句：Newrulesareshownontheschoolboard.新规定展示在学校布告栏上。boardv.上（船/车/飞机）；寄宿例句：Weboardthetrainat8o'clock.我们八点上火车。boardingn.寄宿；登机例句：Hestudiesinaboardingschool.他在一所寄宿学校上学。易混辨析及例句：board/notice/posterboard指布告牌、公告板这个物体本身例句：Theboardisnexttothedoor.布告牌在门旁边。notice指布告、通知（写在纸上的内容）例句：Thereisanoticeaboutthetrip.有一则关于旅行的通知。poster指海报，通常色彩鲜艳、用于宣传例句：Wemadeaposterfortheactivity.我们为这次活动制作了一张海报。model/ˈmɒdl/n.模型例句：Hemadeamodelofaspaceship.他做了一个宇宙飞船模型。amodelplane/ship/car飞机/轮船/汽车模型例句：Theboyisplayingwithamodelplane.这个男孩在玩飞机模型。amodelstudent模范学生，三好学生例句：Lucyisamodelstudentinourclass.露西是我们班的模范学生。makeamodel制作模型例句：Wewillmakeamodelinthescienceclass.我们要在科学课上做模型。modelvillage/park模型村/微型公园例句：Thereisamodelvillageinthemuseum.博物馆里有一个微型村庄。model(v.)/ˈmɒdl/模拟；做模特；模仿例句：Theteachermodelledtheexperimentforus.老师为我们示范了这个实验。modelling(BrE)/modeling(AmE)n.建模；模特行业例句：Heisgoodatmodellingnaturalsystems.他擅长给自然系统建模。model(adj.)模范的例句：Sheisamodelworker.她是一名模范工作者。易混辨析：modelvs.examplevs.copymodel侧重：模型、模范、原型，可模仿、可参照例如：amodeloftheEarth地球模型；amodelstudent模范学生example侧重：例子、榜样，用来举例或学习例句：Pleasegivemeanexample.请给我举个例子。copy侧重：复制品、副本，原样照搬例句：Thisisjustacopyofthepainting.这只是这幅画的复制品。clear/klɪə(r)/v.清除，清理；adj.清楚的，清晰的例句：Weshouldcleartherubbishinthepark.我们应该清理公园里的垃圾。Theinstructionsareveryclear.说明非常清楚。clearup清理；整理；（天气）放晴例句：Let'sclearuptheclassroom.我们把教室打扫一下吧。clearaway收拾，把……清理走例句：Pleaseclearawaytheplatesafterdinner.晚饭后请把盘子收走。clearout清空，打扫干净例句：Weneedtoclearouttheoldboxes.我们需要把旧箱子清理掉。clearone'smind理清思路例句：Iwalkedoutsidetoclearmymind.我出去走了走，理清思路。clearly/ˈklɪəli/adv.清楚地，清晰地例句：Pleasespeakclearly.请说清楚一点。clearingn.（森林中的）空地例句：Theybuiltafireinaclearing.他们在一片空地上生了火。易混辨析：clear/