大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷424

大学英语四级改革适用(阅读)模拟试

卷424

一、仔细阅读(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)

Carsandotherroadvehiclesarethesinglemainsourceofharmfulnitrogenoxides.Road

transportremainsthebiggestsourceofharmfulairpollutionintheEUdespiteeffortsto

reduceemissionsoverthepastdecades.AreportpublishedbytheEuropeanEnvironment

Agency(EEA)showsthatitisthesinglemainsourceofnitrogenoxides,carbon

monoxideandnon-methaiievolatileorganiccompounds.Itisalsothesecondmost

importantsourceofPM10andPM2.5particles.Aswellasroadtransport,manufacturing

industries,construction,theresidentialsectorandagriculturearethemainsourcesofair

pollutioninEuropetoday,theagencysaid.TheEEAsaid:"Particulatematterfrom

sourcessuchasvehicleexhaustsandresidentialheatingcanaffectthelungsandharm

peopleofallages,butitisknowntoposeanextrarisktothosewithexistingheartand

respiratoryproblems.""Airpollutantsarealsoresponsiblefortheacidificationofforests

andwaterecosystems,andeutrophicationofsoilsandwaters—leadingtoalimited

supplyofoxygeninriversandlakes."AspokespersonfbrcampaigngroupT&E(the

EuropeanFederationforTransportandEnvironment)toldEDIE:"Oneofthekeyreasons

thattransportisstillsuchamajorcauseofairpollutioninEuropeisbecausetransport

usersrarelyhavetopayforthepollutiontheycause.""CurrentlyMemberStatesare

forbiddenfromincludingpollutionchargesinroadtolls.""TheCommissionjustlast

monthproposedtochangetherules,amovethatwcurgetheParliamentandMinistersto

support.""TherearealsosomepositivesignsofchangeasLondonandanumberof

Germancitieshaveintroducedlowemissionzonesoverthelastyear.Butthereisstilla

longwaytogo."Accordinglothereport,nitrogenoxideemissionsdecreasedby35%

between1990and2006,althoughtherateofdecreasewasjust1.8%inthefinalyearof

thatperiod.Electricityandheatproductionremainsthemainsourceofsulphuroxides

emissions,followedbymanufacturingindustriesandconstructionsources.Incontrast,

agriculturalactivitieswereresponsiblefbrthevastmajorityofammoniaemissions—

livestockmanureandfertilisersaccountedfbrmorethan90%oftheemissions.

1、Inordertocontrolairpollutioninthepastyears,theEUhastriedto.

A^imposestrictlawsonpollutioncontrol

B、cutdownonthenumberofvehicles

C、restrictthesourcesofnitrogenoxides

D、trimthedischargeofcarexhausts

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第2段中的effonstoreduceemission表明欧盟努力减少，排放”，而结

合上文提到的空气污染的主要来源可以推断这里的“排放”应该是指汽车尾气的排

放，由此可见，D是对reduceemission的同义改写，为本题答案。

2、AccordingtotheEEA,whatisthesecondmostimportantsourceofPM10andPM2.5

particles?

A^Airpollution.

B、Nitrogenoxide.

C、Roadtransport.

D、Organiccompounds.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题要考查的是第4段开头It的所指。本文开头四段都提到了source

一词，第1段和第2段都提到了汽车、交通是造成空气污染的主要来源，虽然第3

段和第4段没有明确指出段落中的source是什么，但结合上两段就可以知道这四

段的source所指是相同的,因此，本题应选C。

3、Whatcanweinferabout"eutrophication"?

A、Itisresultedfromairpollution.

Itcomesfromoxygenproduction.

C>Itbringsaboutairpollution.

D、Itbringsaboutoxygenproduction.

标准答案：A

知识点解析；第7段中的responsible和leadingto描述了一个关系链；airpollution

导致eutrophication,而eutrophication导致河流和湖泊中的氧气供给减少，由此可

见，本题应选A。

4^ThecampaigngroupT&Eadvocatesthatairpollutionshouldbereducedby.

A、raisingpeople'sawareness

imposinganeconomicstimulus

C、increasinggovernmentfundings

D、callingforinternationalcooperation

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第8段末的pay和第9段末的tolls的词义都与“收费”有关，结合第8

段内容可知T&E认为应该采取“谁污染谁付钱”的经济措施，可见，本题应选

5^ThereportpublishedbytheEEA.isaimedatrevealing.

A、thetypesofairpollutants

B>theeffectsofroadtransport

C^themeasuresagainstairpollution

D^theprospectofenvironmentprotection

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本文开头五段和最后三段讲的主要是造成空气污染的来源，不同的来

源由不同的污染物造成，因此，也可以说本文EEA的报告主要列举了各种造成空

气污染的污染物/污染源，由此可见，本题应选A。

TheEarthcomprisesthreeprincipallayers:thedense,iron-richcore,themantlemadeof

silicate（硅酸盐）thataresemi-mokenatdepth,andthethin,solid-surfacecrust.There

aretwokindsofcrust,aloweranddenseroceaniccrustandanupper,lightercontinental

crustfoundoveronlyabout40percentoftheEarth'ssurface.Therocksofthecrustareof

verydifferentages.Somecontinentalrocksareover3,000millionyearsold,whilethose

oftheoceanfloorarelessthan200millionyearsold.Thecrustsandthetop,solidpartof

themantle,totalingabout70to100kilometersinthickness,atpresentappeartoconsist

ofabout15rigidplates,7ofwhicharcverylarge.Theseplatesmoveoverthesemi-

moltenlowermantletoproduceallofthemajortopographical（地形学的）featuresofthe

Earth.Activezoneswhereintensedeformationoccursareconfinedtothenarrow,

interconnectingboundariesofcontactoftheplates.Therearethreemaintypesofzones

ofcontact:spreadingcontactswhereplatesmoveapart,convergingcontactswhereplates

movetowardseachother,andtransformcontactswhereplatesslidepasteachother.New

oceaniccrustisformedalongoneormoremarginsofeachplatebymaterialissuingfrom

deeperlayersoftheEarth'scrust,forexample,byvolcaniceruptions（爆发）oflava（火山

熔岩）atmid-occanridges.Ifatsuchaspreadingcontactthetwoplatessupport

continents,arift（裂缝）isformedthatwillgraduallywidenandbecomefloodedbythe

seaTheAtlanticOceanformedlikethisastheAmericanandAfro-Europeanplates

movedinoppositedirections.Whentwoplatescarryingcontinentscollide,the

continentalblocks,toolighttohedrawndown,continuetofloatandthereforebuckle（起

褶皱）toformamountainchainalongthelengthofthemarginoftheplates.

6、TheEarth'scrust.

A、canbeclassifiedintotwotypes

B、isformedalongthemarginsoftheplates

C>consistsofsemi-moltenrocks

D、isabout70to100kilometersthick

标准答案：A

知识点解析：事实细节题。选项A与文章第1段第2句所述一致，为正确答案。

此类题可采用排除法。艰据第2段第2句的内容可以知道选项B所指的只是地壳

中的一种，而不是所有地壳。选项C与文章第1句的内容不符。选项D的主语应

该是地壳和上层的地幔，不仅仅是地壳。

7、The15platesoftheEarthareformedfrom.

A、theoceaniccrustsandcontinentalcrusts

B、thecrustsandthemantle

C>thecrustsandthetopandsolidpartofthemantle

D、thecontinentalcrustsandthesolidpartofthemantle

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推埋判断题。此题可定位到第1段倒数第3句。题十中的15plates是

原文该句中的宾语，且该句的谓语中心词是consis【of（由……组成），题干的谓语是

areformedfrom,这意思一致，但题目用的是被动语态，表明答案可从原文该句的

主语得到。主语中的top和solid并列修饰partofthemantleo选项C为该句的同义

替换，故正确。

8、Seriously-deformedzonesappear.

A^wheneverthecrustsmoveovermantle

B、whentheplatesmovetowardseachother

C、inthenarrowboundarieswheretwoplatesmeet

D、tobethemajortopographicalfeatureoftheEarth

标准答案：C」

知识点解析：事实细节题。选项C是对第I段最后一句的同义改写。文章中没有

提到选项A中thecrustsmoveovennantle这种现象；选项B提到的现象在第2段第

1句才讨论到，与题干无关；文中也没有提到严重变形的地区是地球的主要地形特

征，因此选项D不正确。

9、Accordingtothesecondparagraph,theformationoftheAtlanticOceanisthe

exampleof.

A、spreadingcontacts

theinfluenceofvolcaniceruptions

C、convergingcontacts

D、transformcontacts

标准答案：A

知识点解析；事实细节题。第2段主要分成两部分；第一部分谈板块活动的三种形

式，第二部分分别举例说明。其中在说明spreadingconlacis时，引用了大西洋的例

子：＜4TheAtlanticOceanformedlikethis..75,所以答案为A。

10、Thispassageisprobably.

A、anewspaperadvertisement

B、achapterofanovel

C、anexcerptfromatextbook

D、ascientificreportofnewfindings

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨大意题。由本文的语言风格和描述内容可以判定这篇文章既不是

商业性的，也不是文学性的，同时文中叙述的内容具有科普性质，不可能是太前沿

性的，因此A、B、D三项都不正确，选项C为此题答案。

Aremarkablevarietyofinsectsliveinthisplanet.Morespeciesofinsectsexistthanall

otheranimalspeciestogeiher.Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300million

years,andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore.Insectscanbefound

almosteverywhere-onthehighestmountainsandonthebottomofrushingstreams,in

thecoldSouthPoleandinbubblinghotsprings.Theydigthroughthegroundjumpand

singinthetrees,andrunanddanceintheair.Theycomeinmanydiflerentcolorsand

variousshapes.Insectsareextremelyusefultohumans,pollinating（授粉）ourcropsas

wellasflowersinmeadows,forests,desertsandotherareas.Butticksandsomeinsects,

suchasmosquitoesandfleas,cantransmitdisease.Therearemanyreasonswhyinsects

arcsosuccessfulatsurviving.Theiramazingabilitytoadaptpermitsthemtolivein

extremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments.Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeen

foundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.Insectscansurviveonawiderangeof

naturalandartificialfoods—paint,pepper,glue,books,grain,cotton,otherinsects,plants

andanimals.Becausetheyaresmall,theycanhideintinyspaces.Astrong,hardbut

flexibleshellcoverstheirsoftorgansandisresistanttochemicals,waterandphysical

impact.TheirwingsgivethemtheoptionofHyingawayfromdangeroussituationsor

towardfoodormates.Also,insectshaveanenormousreproductivecapacity:AnAfrican

antqueencanlayasmanyas43,000eggsaday.Anotherreasonfortheirsuccessisthe

strategyofprotectivecolor.Aninsectmayberightbeforeoureyes,butnearlyinvisible

becauseitiscleverlydisguisedlikeagreenleaf,lumpofbrownsoil,graylichen（青苔），

aseedorsomeothernaturalobject.Someinsectsusebright,boldcolorstosendwarning

signalsthattheytastebad,stingorarepoison.Othershavewingpatternsthatlooklike

theeyesofahugepredator,confusingtheirenemies.Someinsectsalsoimitatebitter­

tastinginsects;hungryenemiesarefooledintoavoidingthem.

11、InsectscanbefoundinlargeamountsinthefollowingplacesEXCEPT.

A^onthemountainswithlittleair

B、inthecoldpolarareas

C、inthehotdesertareas

D^intheopenoceans

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题。本题考查对复合句的理解。本题涉及两个段落，第2段

及第3段都提及昆虫大量生长的地方，第3段第3句中的Theoneplace指出了答

案。

12、Insectsprotectthemselvesfromchemicalsby.

A^hidingintinyspaces

B、havingastrongshell

C、flyingawaywhennecessary

D^changingcolorsorshapes

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。本题考查对复杂句的理解。第4段第I句指出了答案。

protect-from…是对resistantto的同义替换。

13、Someinsectsdisguiselikenaturalobjectssoasto.

A、frightenawaytheirenemies

avoidbeingdiscovered

CNsendwarningsignals

D、lookbitter-tasting

标准答案：B-

知识点解析：推埋判断题。本题考查对长句的埋解。最后一段笫2句中的nearly

invisible表明昆虫伪装是为了不被发现，因此B为正确选项。其他选项虽然都是昆

虫伪装的目的，但都与伪装成自然物体无关。

14、Thepassagementionsthatinsects.

A、canbeloundinanyextremeenvironments

B、havesurvivedlongerthananyothercreatures

C^canbefedonanynaturalorman-madefoods

D、areimportantforthegrowthofcropsandflowers

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。本题考查对含有分词结构句子的理解。根据第2段倒数

第2句中的useful及分词结构pollinating可推断昆虫对植物的生长有益处。选项

A、B、C中都有any,过于绝对。由第3段第2、3句可知选项A不对。文章虽在

开头指出昆虫存活的年代久远，但全文未提到它是存活时间最长的生物，所以选项

B错误。至于昆虫的食物，第3段倒数第2句有提及，但只是awiderangeof,由

此可排除选项C。

15、Thepassageismainlyabout.

A、howinsectssurviveindifferentplaces

B、whyinsectscansurvivesosuccessfully

C、whatinsectscandototheenvironment

D、whereinsectscanbefoundinquantity

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨大意题。本文前两段首先描述了昆虫生存了很长的时间，并能在

各种地方生长，然后引出文章要讨论的重点，即昆虫为什么能成功存活。第3段第

1句为本文的中心句，因此本题正确选项为B。

FederalExpressisacompanythatspecializesinrapidovernightdeliveryofhigh-priority

packages.Thefirstcompanyofitstype.FederalExpresswasfoundedbytheyouthful

FredSmithin1971,whenhewasonly28yearsold.Smithhadactuallydevelopedthe

ideafortherapiddeliver）serviceinatermpaperforaneconomicsclasswhenhewasa

studentatYaleUniversity.Thetermpaperreceivedaless-than-stellargradebecauseof

theinfeasibilityoftheprojectthatSmithhadoutlined.ThemodelthatSmithproposed

hadneverbeentried;itwasamodelthatwasefficienttooperatebutatthesametime

verydifficulttoinstitute.Smithachievedefficiencyinhismodelbydesigningasystem

thatwasseparatefromthepassengersystemandcould,therefore,focusonhowtodeliver

packagesmostefficiently.Hisstrategywastohavehisownplanessothathecouldcreate

hisownschedulesandtoshipallpackagesthroughthecentralizedhubcityofMemphis,

aset-upwhichresemblesthespokes（轮辐）onthewheelofabicycle.Withthis

combinationofhisownplanesandhubset-up,hecouldgetpackagesanywhereinthe

UnitedStatesovernight.WhatmadeSmith'sideadifficulttoinstitutewasthefactthatthe

entiresystemhadtobecreatedbeforethecompanycouldbeginoperations.Heneededa

fleetofaircrafttocollectpackagesfromairportseverynightanddeliverthemto

Memphis,whcrctheywereimmediatelysortedandflownouttotheirnewdestinations;

heneededafleetoftruckstodeliverpackagestoandfromthevariousairports;heneeded

facilitiesandtrainedstaffallinplacetohandletheoperation.Smithhada$4million

inheritancefromhisfather,andhemanagedtoraiseanadditional91milliondollarsfrom

venturecapitaliststogetthecompanyoperating.

16、Themostappropriatetitlefbrthispassageis"

A、TheProblemsandFrustrationsofaBusinessStudent

B、TheImportanceofBusinessStudies

C^TheCapitalizationofFederalExpress

D、TheImplementationofaSuccessfulBusiness

标准答案：D

知识点解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述了“联邦快递”公司的创立。其创立者在学生时

代就有了这个想法，后来设法使计划可行。克服了许多困难之后，他筹集到足够的

资金，创办了这家公司，只有选项D能概括全文的主要内容。选项A、B、C亮到

的都只是细节，不是文章的主题。

17^WhatisstatedinthepassageaboutSmith'stermpaper?

A^Smithsubmitteditthroughadeliveryservice.

B、ItwaswrittenbyastudentofSmith's.

C、Th