大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案一

大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案()

Therearethreekindsofgoals:short-term,medium-rangeandlong-termgoals.

Short-rangegoalsarethosethatusuallydealwithcurrentactivities,whichwe

canapplyonadailybasis.Suchgoalscanbeachievedinaweekorless,ortwoweeks,or

possiblemonths.Itshouldberememberedthatjustasabui1dingisnostrongerthan

itsfoundation,outlong-termgoalscannotamounttoverymunchwithoutthe

achievementofsolidshort-termgoals.Uponcompletingourshort-termgoals,we

shoulddatetheoccasionandthenaddnewshort-termgoalsthatwillbuildonthose

thathavebeencompleted.

Theintermediategoalsbukldonthefoundationoftheshort-rangegoals.They

mightdealwithjustonetermofschoolortheentireschoolyear,ortheycouldeven

extendforseveralyears.Anytimeyoumoveastepatatime,youshouldneverallow

yourselftobecomediscouragedoroverwhelmed.Asyoucompleteeachstep,youwill

enforcethebeliefinyourabi1itytogrowadnsucceed.Andasyourlistofcompletion

datesgrow,yourmotivationanddesirewillincrease.

Long-rangegoalsmayberelatedtoourdreamsofthefuture.Theymightcover

fiveyearsormore.Lifeisnotastaticthing.Wcshouldneverallowalong-term

goaltolimitusorourcourseofaction.

1.Ourlong-termgoalsmeanalot_.

a.ifwecompleteourshort-rangegoals

b.ifwecannotreachsolidshort-termgoals

c.ifwewritedownthedates

d.ifweputforwardsomeplans

2.Newshort-termgoalsarebulidupon_.

a.twoyears

b.long-termgoals

c.currentactivities

d.thegoalsthathavebeencompleted

3.Whenwecompleteeachstepofourgoals,—.

a.wewillwinfinalsuccess

b.weareoverwhelmed

c.weshouldbuildupconfidenceofsuccess

d.weshouldstrongdesireforsettingnewgoals

4.Onceourgoalsaredrawnup,_.

a.weshouldsticktothemuntilwecompletethem

b.wemaychangeourgoalsaswehavenewideasandopportunities

c.wehadbetterwaitfortheexcitingnewsofsuccess

d.wehavemadegreatdecision

5.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat.

a.thosewhohabelong-termgoalswillsucceed

b.writingdownthedatesmaydiscourageyou

c.thegoalisonlyaguideforustoreachourdesination

d.everyshouldhaveagoal

答案：adcbc

TheeconomyoftheUnitedstatesafter1952wastheeconnomyofawell-fed,almost

fullyemployedpeople.Despitoccasionalalarms,thecountryescapedanypostwar

depressionandlivedinastateofboom.Aneconomicsurveyoftheyear1955,a

typicalyearofthe1950,s,maybetypicalasillustratingtherapideconomicgrowth

ofthedecade.Thenationaloutputwasvalueat10percentabovethatof1954(1955

outputwasestimatedat392billiondollars).Theproductionofmanufacturerswas

about4UpercentmorethanithadaveragedintheyearsimmediatelyfollowingWorld

War2.Thecountry"sbusinessspentabout30biIliondollarsfornewfactoriesand

machinery.Nationalincomeavailableforspendingwasalmostathirdgreaterthan

ithadbeenithadbeenin1950.Consumersspentabout256billiondollars;that

isabout700milliondollarsaday,orabouttwenty-fivemilliondollarseveryhour,

allroundtheclock.Sixty-fivemillionpeopleheldjobsandonlyalittlemorethan

twomillionwantedjobsbutcouldnotfindthem.Onlyagriculturecomplainedthat

itwasnotsharingintheroom.Tosomeobserversthiswasanominousechoofthe

mid-1920's.Asfarmer'sshreoftheirproductsdeclined,marketingcostsrose.

Buttherewere,amongtheobserversofthenationaleconomy,afewwhowerenot

asconfidentasthemajority.Thosefewseemedtofearthattheboomcouldnotlast

andwouldeventuallyleadtotheoppsitc-dcprcssion.

1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

a.TheAgriculaturalTrendsof1950's

b.TheUnemploymentRateof1950's

c.U.S.Economyinthe50's

cl.TheFederalBudgetof1952

2.TnLine4,theword"boom”couldbestbereplacedby_____.

a.nearbyexplosion

b.thunderousnoise

c.generalpublicsupport

d.rapideconomicgrowth

3.11canbeinferredthenationalfromthepassagethatmostpeopleintheUnited

Statesin1955viewedthenationaleconomywithanairof.

a.confidence

b.confusion

c.disappointment

d.suspicion

4.WhichofthefollowingwereLEASTsatisfiedwiththenationaleconomyinthe

1950's?

a.Economists

b.Frmaers

c.Politicians

d.Steelworkers

5.ThepassagestatesthatincomavailableforspendingintheU.S.wasgreater

in1955thanin1950.Howmuchwasit?

a.60%

b.50%

c.33%

d.90%

答案：cdabc

Womenarealsounderrepresentedintheadministrationandthisisbecausethere

aresofewwomenful1professors.In1985,RegentBerylMilburnproducedareport

blastingtheUniversityofTexasSystemadminitrationfornotencouragingwomen.The

Universitywasratedamongthelowestforthesystem.Ina1987update,Milburn

commendedtheprogressthatwasmadeandcalledforevenmoreimprovement.

OneofthepositiveresultsfromherstudywasaSystem-wideprogramtoinform

womenofavailableadministrativejobs.

CollegeofCommunicationAssociateDeanPatricaWitherspoon,saiditis

importantthatwomanbeflexiblewhenitcomestorelocatingiftheywanttorise

intheranks.

Althoughawomanmayfaceachillyclimateoncampus,manytimesinorderfor

hertosucceed,shemustriseabovetheproblemsaroundherandconcentrateonher

work.

Untilwomenmakeupagreaterpercentageoftheseniorpositionsinthe

Universityandallacademia,inequitieswillexist.

“Womenneedtospendtheirenergiesandtimedoingscholarlyactivitiesthat

areimportanthereattheUniversity.z/Spirdusosaid.〃Iftheydothatwillbe

successfulinthissystem.Iftheyspendtheirtimeinlittlegroupsmourningthe

sexualdiscriminationthattheythinkexistshere,theyarewastingvaluablestudy

.・〃

time.

1.AccordingtoSpirduso,womenneedto―.

a.produceareportonsexualdiscrimination

b.callforfurtherimprovementintheirworkingconditions

c.spendtheirenergiesandtimefightingagainstsexualdiscrimination

d.spendmoretimeandenergydoingscholarlyactivities

2.Fromthispassage,weknowthat.

a.therearemanywomenfullprofessorsintheUniversityofTexas

b.womenplayanimportantpartinadminitratingtheUniversity

c.theweatheronthecampusischilly

d.womenmakeupasmallpercentageoftheseniorpositionsintheUniversity

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

a.thenumberofwomenprofessorsintheUniversityin1987wasgreaterthanthat

of1985

b.thenumberofwomenprofessorsintheUniversityin1987wassmallerthanthat

of1985

c.thenumberofwomenprofessorswasthesameasthatof1985

d.moreandmorewomenprofessorsthoughtthatsexualdiscriminationdidexit

intheUniversity

4.OneofthepositiveresultsfromMilburn'sstudywasthat.

a.womenwereboldLoconcenlraLeonleirwork

b.womenweregiveninformationaboutavailableadministrativejobs

c.womenwereencouragedtotakeonalltheadministrativejobsintheUnversity

d.womenwereencouragedtodomorescholarlyactivities

5.Thetitleforthispassageshouldbe.

a.TheUniversityofTexas

b.Milburn,sReport

c.WomenProfessors

d.SexualDiscriminationinAcademia

答案：ddabd

四

Today,asineveryotherdayoftheyear,morethan3000U.S.adlescentswill

smoketheirfirstcigaretteontheirwaytobecomingregularsmokersasadults.

Duringtheirlifetime,itcanbeexpectedthatofthese3000about23willbe

murdered,30willdieintrafficaccidents,andnearly750willbekilledbya

smoking-relateddisease.Thenumberofdeathsattributedtocigarettesmoking

outweithtsallotherfactors,whethervoluntaryorinvoluntary,asacauseofdeath.

Sincethelate1970s,whendailysmokingamonghighschoolseniorsreached30

precent,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclined.Whilethedeclineis

impressive,severalimportantissuesmustberaised.

First,inthepastseveralyears,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedvery

little.Second,inthelate1970s,smokingamongmalehighschoolseniorsexceeded

thatamongfemalebynearly10percent.Thestatisticisreversing.Third,several

recentstudieshaveindicatehighschooldropoutshaveexcessivelyhighsmoking

rates,asmuchas75percent.

Finally,thouthsignificantdeclinesinadolescentsmokinghaveoccurredinthe

pastdecade,nodefinitereasonsforthedeclineexist.Withinthiscontext,the

NaionalCancerInstiute(NCI)beganitscurrentefforttodeterminethemosteffecive

measurestoreducesmokingleveslamongyouth.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thedeathsamongyoutharemainlycausedby.

a.trafficaccidents

b.smoking-relateddesease

c.murder

d.allofthese

2.Everydaythereareoverhighschoolstrdentswhowillbecomeregular

smoker.

a.75b.23c.30d.3000

3.By"dropout”theauthormeans.

a.studentswhofailedtheexamination

b.studentswholeftschool

c.studentswholosttheirway

cl.studentswhoweredrivenoutofschool

4.Thereasonfordecliningadolescentsmokingisthat

a.NCIhastakeneffectivemeasures

b.smokingispreventedamonghighschoolseniors

c.therearemanysmokerswhohavediedofcancer

d.noneofthese

5.Whatisimpliedbutnotstatedbytheauthoristhat.

a.smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittle

b.therearenowmorefemalethanmalesmokersamonghighschoolseniors

c.highsmokingratesareduetotheinceaseinwealth

d.smokingathighschoolarefromlowsocio-economicbackgrounds

答案：bdbdb

五

Thefoodweeatseemstohaveprofoundeffectsonourhealth.Althoughscience

hasmadeenormousstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,made

manyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofall

humanillnessesarerelatedtodietandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtothe

dietaswell,especiallycancerofthecolon.Differentculturesaremorelikelyto

causecertaindifferentillnessesbecauseofthefcodthatischaracteristicinthese

cultures.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisntoanewdiscovery.In1945,about

35yearsago,governmentresearchersrealizedthatnitrates,commonlyusedto

preservecolorinmeats,andotherfoodadditivies,causedcancer.Yet,these

carcinogenicadditivesremaininourfood,anditbecomesmoredifficultallthe

timetoknowwhichthingsonthepackaginglabelsofprocessedfoodarehelpfulor

harmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarcnotallsodirect.Farmersoftengive

penicillintobeefandlivinganimals,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfound

inthemilkoftreatedccw.Sometimessimilardrugsaregiventoanimalsnotfor

medicalpurposes,butforfinancialreasons.Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofatten

theanimalsinordertoobtainahigherpriceonthemarket.AlthoughtheFoodand

DrugAdministration(FDA)hastriedrepeatedlytocontroltheseprocedures,the

practicescontinue.

1.Whatisthebestpossibletitleofthepassage?

a.DrugandFood

b.CancerandHealth

c.FoodandHealth

d.HealthandDrug

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTture?

a.Drugsarealwaysgiventoanimalsformedicalreasons

b.Someoftheadditivesinourfoodareaddedtothefooditselfandsomeare

giventothelivinganimals

c.Researchershaveknownaboutthepotentialdangersoffoodadditivesforover

thirty-fiveyears.

d.Foodmaycausefortypercentofcancerinworld.

3.Howhassciencedonesomethingharmfultomankind?

a.Becauseofscience,diseasescausedbypollutedfoodhavenbeenvirtually

eliminated.

b.Ithascausedalackofinformationconcerningthevalueoffood.

c.Becauseoftheapplicationofscience,somepotentiallyharmfulsubstances

havebeenaddedtofood.

d.Thescientistshavepreservedthecolorofmeals,buLnoLofvegetables.

4.Whatarenitratesusedfor?

a.Theypreserveflavorinpackagedfoods.

b.Theypreservethecolorofmeats.

c.Theyaretheobjectsofresearch.

d.Theycausetheanimalstobecomefatter.

5.Theword'carcinogenic'mostnearlymeans'

a.trouble-making

b.color-retaining

c.money-making

d.cancer-causing

答案：cacbd

Whatisyourfavouritecolour?Doyoulikeyellow,orange,red?Ifyoudo,you

mustbeanoptimist,aleader,anactivepersonwhoenjoyslife,peopleandexcitement.

Doyouprefergreysandblues?Thenyouareprobablyquiet,shy,andyouwouldrather

followthanlead.Youtendtobeapessimist.Atleast,thisiswhatpsycnologists

tellus,andtheyshouldknow,becausetheyhavebeenseriouslystudyingthemeaning

ofcolourspreference,aswellastheeffectthatcolourshaveonhumanbeings.They

tellsus,amongotherfacts,thatwedonotchooseourfavouriteclouraswegrow

up----wearebornwithourpreference.Ifyouhappentolovebrown,youdidso,as

soonasyouopenedyoureyes,oratleastassoonasyoucouldsecclearly.

Coloursdoinfluenceourmoods----thereisnodoubtaboutit.Ayellowroommakes

mostpeoplefeelmorecheerfulandmorerelaxedthanadarkgreenone;andared

dressbringswarmthandcheertothesaddestwinterday.Ontheotherhand,black

isdepressing.AblackbridgeovertheThamesRiver,nearLondon,usedtobethe

sceneofmoresuicidesthananyotherbridgeinthearea----untilitwasrepainter

green.Thenumberofsuicideattemptsimmediatelyfellsharp!y;perhapsitwouldhave

fallenevenmoreifthebridgehadbeendoneinpinkorbabyblue.

Lightandbrightcoloursmakepeoplenotonlyhppierbutmoreactive.Itisan

establishedfactthatfactoryworkersworkbetter,harder,andhavefeweraccidents

whentheirmachinesarepaintedorangeratherthanblackorgrey.

1.“Youwouldratherfollowthanred“means.

a.youdon'tliketofollowothers

b.youwouldbeamemberratherthanaleader

c.youwouldbeafraidoffollowingothers

d.youwouldliketobealeaderratherthanafollower

2.Ifoneenjoyslife,oneissuretoprefer.

a.redtoyellow

b.bluetoorange

c.redtogrey

d.bluetoyellow

3.“Theytellus,amongotherfacts,thatwedon'tchooseourfavouritecolours

aswegrowup.〃“Amongotherfacts"means______.

a.besidesotherfacts

b.inregardtootherfacts

c.rioLconsideringotherfads

d.accordingtootherfacts

4.Whichofthefollowingisfacts?

a.People'spreferenceofonecolourtoanotherisinstinct

b.People*spreferenceofonecolourtoanotherisacquiredastheygrowup.

c.Morepeoplehappentolovebrownbecausetheysawsomethingbrownwhenthey

wereborn

cl.Colourshavelittleinfluenceonourmoods

5.ThosewhocommittedsuicidepreferredthebridgeovertheThamesRivernear

londontoothersbecauseof

a.itsshape

b.itsstructure

c.itscolour

d.itsbuildingmaterials

答案:bcaac

十二

Socialcustomsandwaysofbehavingchange.Thingswhichwereconsidered

impolitemanyyearsagoarenowacceptable.Justafewyearsago,itwasconsidered

impolitebehaviourforamantosmokeonstreet.Nomanwhothoughtofhimselfby

smokingwhenaladywasinaroom.

Customsalsodifferfromcountrytocountry.Docsamanwalkontheleftorthe

rightofawomaninyourcountry?Ordoesn，titmatter?Shouldyouusebothhands

whenyouareeating?Shouldleaveoneinyourlap,oronthetable?

TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebutalsoshare

alargenumberofsocialcustoms.Forexample,inbothAmericaandEnglandpeople

shakehandswhentheymeeteachotherforthefirsttime.Also,mostEnglishmenwill

openadoorforawonmanoroffertheirseattoawoman,andsowi11mostAmericans.

PromptnessisimportantbothinEnglandandinAmerica.Thatis,ifadinner

invitationisfor7o'clock,thedinnerguesteitherarrivesclosetothattime

orcallsuptoexplainhisdelay.

Theimportantthingtorememberaboutsocialcustomsisnottodoanythingthat

mightmakeotherpeoplefeeluncomfortable-----especiallyiftheyareyourguests.

Whenthefoodwasserved,oneoftheguestsstratedtoeathispeaswithaknife.

Theotherguestswereamusedorshocked,butthehostcalmlypickeduphisknife

andbeganeatinginthesameway.Itwouldhavebeenbadmannerstomakehisguest

feelfoolishoruncomfortable.

1.Ifonehasacceptedadinnerinvitation,whatshouldhedoifheistobelate

forthedinner?

a.Heshouldfindanexcuse

b.Heshouldadkforexcuse,

c.Heshouldsaysorry

d.Heshouldtelephonetoexplainhisbeinglate,

2.wouldhavebeenbadmannerstomakehisguestsfeelfoolishor

uncomfortable.“Badmanners“means.

a.ugly

b.dishonest

c.impolite

d.shameful

3.whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebestti1tieforthispassage?

a.SocialCustomsandCustoms

b.SocialLife

c.AmericanandBritishCustoms

d.PromptnessIsImportant

4.Accordingtothetext,thebesthost.

a.trieshisbesttomakehisguestsfeelcomfortable

b.makeshisguestsfeelexcited

c.triestoavoidbeingnaughtytohisguests

d.triestoavoidbeingfoolish

5.Theauthorofthisarticlemayagreewithwhichofthefollowing?

a.Theguestwhoatehispeaswithaknife

b.Theotherguestswhowereamusedorshocked

c.Thehostwhopickeduphisknifeandbeganeatinginthesameway

d.Noneoftheabove

答案：dcaac

十三

NewOrleans,Louisiana,wasestablishedaspartoftheFrenchEmpirein1718.

ItslocationontheeastbankoftheMississippiRivergaveitcontrolofthe

Americanhinerlandanditbecamestrategicallyimportanttomanynations.Itwas

transferredfromFrancetoSpain,returnedtoFrance,andfinallysoldbyNapoleon

totheUnitedStatesin1803.Thecitywasthesiteofafamousbattlefoughtin

1815betweentheBritish,whohopedtocontrolit,andtheAmericansunderGeneral

AndrewJackson.

TheriverbedoftheMississippiisconstantlysiltingandtheriverisnow

actuallyhigherthanthecity.Leveesholdbacktheriverandgiantpumpsareused

tomovewaterfromthecityintotheriver.

AlthoughNewOrleanshaasbeenapartoftheUnitedStatesforalmosttwo

centuries,itspopulationtakesgreatprideinitsFrenchheritage.Louisianastill

retainspartsoftheCodeNapoleonwhich,formmanyyears,wasitsonlylaw.

NewOrleansiscarefreecityanditboastsitshot,spicyCreoleseafoodand

itsnativeDixielandJazz.TheJacksonSquareneighborhoodmaintainsitsFrench

colonialhomesandinothersectionsarepre-CivilWarmansions.Visitorsare

surprisedtofindthatbehindthisinterestingfacadeofyesteryear,isabusy

industrialandportcity.GrainandcoalcomefromtheMidwestandforeighcargoes

areunloadedhere.NewOrleansisnolongerasleepySoutherntown----butit，sstill

funtovisit.

1.WhataccountsfortheleveesandpumpsinNewOrleans?

a.TheMississippifrequentlyfloodsthecity.

b.Theriverbedhasraisedinthepast200years.

c.Thetorrentialrainsfloodthecityfrequently.

d.Thehighhumiditycannototherwisebecomtrolled.

2.ThebaLlieofNewOrleanswasfoughtbyJacksoncigainsl.

a.France

b.Britain

c.Spain

d.TheNorth

3.TheCodeNapoleonwas.

a.anagreementtosellLouisiana

b.abodyoflaws

c.acityplan

d.amilitarycodetorthearmy

4.Whichofthefollowingelementsdoesnotapplytotheattiudeofthe

inhabitantsofNewOrleans?

a.PrideintheirFrenchheritage.

b.Adesiretoretainpicturesquecolonialbuildings.

c.Arefusaltoengageintradeandcommerce

d.ApraisingofDixielandJazz.

5.TouristsvisitingNewOrleansaresurprisedtoencounter.

a.Creolefood

b.Dixielandjazz

c.bustlingcity

d.authenticcolonialhomes

答案：bbbcc

十四

TheUnitedStatesisonthevergeoflosingitsleadingplaceintheworld,s

technology.Sosaysmorethanonestudyinrecentyears.Oneofthereasonsforthis

declineistheparalleldeclineinthenumberofU.S.scientistsandengineers,

reasedcompetitionforthesecandidatesfromother

fields-law,medicine,business,etc.WhilethenumberofU.S.PH.D.sinscienceand

engineeringdeclines,theawardofPH.D.stoforeignnationalsisincreasingrapidly,

ngthecostandfinancialsacrificeofpursuingtheireducation,findtheattraction

ofindustryirresistible.

a.thenumberofPH.D.degreeholdersisdeclining

b.thenumberofscientistsandengineersisdecreasing

c.thenumberof22-year-ildsisdeclining

d.scientistsandengineersarenotemployed

2.Thefieldofscienceandengineeringisfacingacompetitionfrom_______.

a.technology

b.foreignnationals

c.suchfieldsaslaw,medicineandbusiness

d.postgraduates

3.Large-scaleenterprisesnowneed______.

a.brightgraduatesandpostgraduates

b.newinventions

c.advancedtechnology

d.engineers

4.ManypromisingposLgraduatesareunwillingLopursue社PH.D.degreebecause

a.theyarenotencouragedtobeengagedinscience

b.industrydoesnotrequirePH.D.holders

c.theyhavefinancialdifficulties

d.theywi11spendmuchtimeandenergycompletingPH.D.

a.theyfindindustryisattractingmoreandmorecollegestudents

b.theydon，tthinktheycanpreventthemselvesfromworkingforindustry

c.theycannotresistanyattractionfromallsides

d.theycannotworkforindustryanylonger

答案：bcadb

十五

Newdays,astandardformeasuringpowerhaschanged.Thesechangesforetellanew

standardformeasuringpower.Nolongerwillanation，spoliticalinfluencebebased

solelyonthestrength