考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷189

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷189

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

[A]Whyreadingfallsintodecline?[B]Rcadingisrelatedtonationalpolitics[C]Rcading

isastimulatingexperience|D]Readingandnationalhealth[E]Thedeclineofreadingis

thecrisisinnationaleducation|F|TheeffectsofelectronicmediaAsurveyreleasedon

ThursdayreportsthatreadingforpleasureiswaydowninAmericaamongeverygroup.

Thesurveyalsoindicatesthatreadersareactive,whilenonreaders-morethanhalfthe

population—havesettledintoapathy.[RI]Readingisnotanactiveexpression

likewriting,butitisnotapassiveexperience,either.Itrequireseffort,concentration,and

attention.Inexchange,itoffersthestimulustothoughtandfeeling.Kafkasaid,"Abook

mustbeaniceaxtobreaktheseasfrozeninsideoursoul."[R2]The

electronicmedia,ontheotherhand,tendtobetorpid.Despitetheexistenceofgood

television,finewritingontheInternet,andvideogamesthattestlogic,theelectronic

mediabyandlargeinviteinertreception.Oneselectschannels,butthentheinformation

comesoutpreprocessed.Mostpeopleusetelevisionasameansofturningtheirmindsoff,

noton.Manyreaderswatchtelevisionwithoutperil;butforthoseforwhomtelevision

replacesreading,theconsequencesarefar-reaching.[R3]Mylastbookwas

aboutdepression,andthequestionIammostfrequentlyaskediswhydepressionisonthe

rise.ItalkaboutthelonelinessthatcomesofspendingthedaywithaTVoracomputer

orvideoscreen.Thattheratesofdepressionshouldbegoingupastheratesofreading

aregoingdownisnohappenstance.[R4]Iwillneverforgetseeing,asahigh

schoolstudentonmyfirsttriptoEastBerlin,theplazawhereHitlerandGoebbelshad

burnedbooksfromtheuniversitylibrary.TheNaziswererightinbelievingthatoneof

themostpowerfulweaponsinawarofideasisbooks.AndtheUnitedStatesisnowin

suchawar.Withoutbooks,wecannotsucceedinourcurrentstruggleagainstabsokiiism

andterrorism.Youarewhatyouread.Ifyoureadnothing,thenyourmindwithers,and

youridealslosetheirvitalityandsway.[R5]Itisimportanttoacknowledge

thatthefalling-offofreadinghastodonotonlywiththeincursionofanti-intellectualism,

butalsowithaflawedintellectualism.Theascendancyofpoststructuralisminthe1980's

coincidedwiththebeginningofthecatastrophicdownturninreading;

deconstructionism'ssuggestionthatalltextisequalinitsmeaningsandthedenigrationof

thecanonledtothedevaluationofliterature.Theroicofliteratureistoilluminate,to

strengthen,toexplainwhysomeaspectoflifeismovingorbeautifulorterribleorsador

importantorinsignificantforpeoplewhomightotherwisenotunderstandsomuchorso

well.Readingisexperience,butitalsoenrichesotherexperience.Readingisharderthan

watchingtelevisionorplayingvideogames.Butmoredifficultpleasuresaremore

rewarding.Artcomestoyouprofessingfranklytogivenothingbutthehighestqualityto

yourmomentsastheypass.SurelythatissomethingallAmericanswouldwant,ifws

onlyunderstoodhowreadilywemightachieveit,howwellworththeeffortitis.

1、[RlJ

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、[R2]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、[R3]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、[R4]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、[R5]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

|A|Nuclearpowerisapotentialthreattomankind|B]Thesafetyofnuclearpowerhas

improved[CJThespreadofnuclearweaponsmaterialispotentiallyafatalproblem

[D]Thedisposalofnuclearwasteisproblematic[E]Thestoryofnuclearpowerseemsto

havebegunandendedinthe20thcentury[F]Theneedfornuclearpoweriscomingback

Nuclearpowerdiedinthe20thcentury,butthingshavechangedsincethen.World

leadersarenowtakingasecondlookattheatom.[RI]Firstcamethe

fireworks-twoatombombsthatendedaworldwarandannouncedvaststoresofenergy

inthefinestructureoftheatom.Thencameanewindustrythatpromisedelectricity"too

cheaptometer,"butinsteadfounderedonhighcostsandinexcusableaccidents.Its

epitaphwaswritteninthe1980s,whenonlytheblindorthebiasedcouldstillhave

believedthatthehundredsofbillionsofdollarsinvestedinnuclearpowerwasmoney

wellspent.[R2]Somuchhaschanged.Thepricesofoilandnaturalgashave

gonethroughtheroofandareexpectedtostaythere.Warinessofmajorsupplierslike

RussiaandIranisforcingpoliticalrecalculationsacrosstheworld.Coalischeapand

plentiful,butit'sabigsourceofcarbondioxide,agreenhousegasthat157nationsare

committedtoreducing.Environmentalists,whousedtobethenaturalenemiesofnuclear

power,arenowbusybeatingtheirdrumsoverclimatechange.Energydemandis

expectedtoriseworldwidebyabout50%in20years,withgrowthindevelopingnations

hitting90%.Energywillhavetocomefromsomewhere.It'sbecomingplainthatthe

worldneedstoexploitrenewablesourcessuchassolarandwind.Itneedstofindclean­

coaltechnologies.Itneedstomakefactoriesandhomesenergyefficient.Andasleaders

fromIndiatoGermanyhavedeclaredrecently,itneedsnuclearpower.[R3]Is

nuclearenergyworthyofacomeback?There'ssometruthtotheargumentthat20years

agotheindustryanditsregulatorswerebeginningtogetthingsrightjustasthepublic

wasrunningoutofpatience.Sincethennuclearresearchhasn'texactlybeenagrowth

industry,butengineershavemadesteadyimprovements.Reactorsnowbeingbuilt,if

operatedproperly,couldimprovetheindustry'saccidentratetenfold,accordingtoJohn

Deutch,anuclearpowerexpertattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.New

designscoulddobetter.Advancedboilingwaterreactors(ABWR),forinstance,aremade

toworkevenwhentheylosecoolant,withoutoverheating.Pebblebedreactorsuse

uraniumballsthatdissipateheatsowelltheyshutdownduringanaccident.Chinaand

SouthAfricaarebuildingpilotplants.[R4]Onepotentiallyfatalproblemis

theso-calledfuelcycle.Uraniumfuelturnsintoradioactivewaste,whichmustbeeither

recycledordisposedof.Bothoptionsareproblematic.Reprocessingputspureplutonium,

thestuffofbombs,intocirculation;anddisposalispoliticallyandtechnicallytricky.

Scientistshavetriedtoinventawayoutofthismess-onenewtechnologyturnsnuclear

wasteintofuelthatisworthlessinbombs,butitisunproven.[R5]

Proliferationseemsdestinedtoremainadiplomaticnightmare,asthecurrentimbroglio

overIran'snuclearprogramattests.Tocontainthespreadofweaponsmaterial,nuclear

nationsmayallowIranandothercountriestodevelopcivilianreactorsinexchangefor

givingupcontroloverthefuelcycle.Theotherquestioniswhethernuclearpoweris

viableeconomically.Onpaper,highenergycostscreateanopeninginthemarketplace.

But,saysDeutch,"onedoesn'tknowwhatcostswillbeuntilrealplantsgetbuilt."Much

dependsonwhetherindustryanditsregulatorsgetthingsrightthistime—andwhether

environmentalistsandthepublicgivethemachance.Anaccidenthereortheremayclose

nuclearpower'ssecondchapterasquicklyasitclosedthefirst.Thistimethestakesare

higher.

6、[RI]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、[R2]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、[R3]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、[R4]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、[R5]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

[A]Nomiracledietsforheartdiseaseorcancer[B]Howthestudywasconducted?[C]The

outcomeofthestudyonheartdisease[D]Lowcolorectalcancerrate:chanceorthelow-

fatdiet?|E|Thesignificanceofthestudyonbreastcancer|F]Howfatandheartdisease

arerelated?Startingalow-fatdietinmid-lifedoesnot,byitself,decreaseawoman'srisk

ofheartdiseaseorstrokeordramaticallyreduceherriskofbreastcancerorcolorectal

cancer,accordingtothreestudiespublishedtodayofalmost50,000healthy,post­

menopausalwomen.Butthefindingsstillsupportthegeneralideathatyouneedtopay

attentiontohowmuchfat—andparticularlywhatkindsoffat—youeat.[RI]

Researchersrandomlydividedtheparticipantsintotwogroups,workedhardtogetone

grouptocutitsfatintakeandthencomparedtheresultsforeachofthemforthenext

severalyears.Throughfocusgroupsandsessionswithnutritionists,theso-called

interventiongroupwasgivenalotofhelpandinformationonhowtocuttheamountof

fatintheirdiet.Asagrouptheyweren'tabletogetallthewaydownto20%fatintake,

buttheydidmanagetoreduceitto24%inthefirstyear,thoughitslidbackupto29%by

thesixthyear.Theother,so-calledcontrolgroupreceivedprintedmaterialondietary

guidelinesbutnootherhelponhealthyeating.Thefatcontentoftheirdietswas35%

afteroneyearandcreptupto37%aftersixyears-andtheygainedalittleweightto

boot.(Theinterventiongrouplostweightorstayedthesame.)[R2]Alltold,the

womeninthetwogroupsshowednooveralldifferenceinthenumberofheartattacksor

strokestheysufferedovertheeightyearsofthestudy.Partofthereasonmaybethatthe

levelofLDLor"bad"cholesteroldroppedintheinterventiongroupbyatiny2.4%—too

smallareductionforthestudytobeabletodetectadifferenceinoutcome.[R3]

It'salsopossiblethatifyouwanttopreventheartdisease,it'snotenoughtofocus

justonthetotalamountoffatinthediet;youalsohavetolookatthetypesoffataswell

asexerciseandphysicalactivitylevels.Whydidn'tthestudyfocusmoreintentlyonthese

variables?Researcherswerenotasawareofhowimportanttheywerebackinthelate

1980s,whentheyweredesigningthetrial.[R4]Womeninthelow-fatgroup

suffered9%fewerbreastcancersthanthoseinthecontrolgroup.Althoughthat

differencewasnotstatisticallysignificant,itisverysuggestive.Givenhowlongittakes

formosttumorstogrow,itmaysimplybethatthestudyhasnotlastedlongenoughto

showasignificanteffect.Inaddition,therewasaclearbenefitforonesub-groupof

women-thosewhobeganthestudywiththehighesttotalfatconsumptionandwhowere

abletomakeandmaintainthegreatestreductioninthenumberoffatcaloriesintheir

diet.Thisgroupbenefitedfromal5%to20%dropintheincidenceofbreastcancer.

[R5]Womeninthelow-fatgroupdidnotseeasignificantdropintheirratesof

colorectalcancer.Givenhowlongittakescolorectalcancertodevelop,a9%difference

issignificant.Welcometothewildandcomplexworldofstatistics.Afterlookingatthe

variationinthedatawithvariousmathematicaltools,researchstatisticiansdetermined

thattheycouldn'truleoutthepossibilitythatthe9%differenceinbreastcancerresults

wasduetochancealone.Ontheotherhand,afterapplyingthosesamemathematicaltools

tothedatainthecolorectalcancerstudy,theydetenninedthatthe9%differenceinthe

numberofpolypswasunlikelytobeduetochancealone.So,inmanywaysthesestudies

raisedmorequestionsthantheyanswered.Strictlyspeaking,theresultsdonotapplyto

men,whotendtogetheartdiseaseearlierthanwomendoandforwhomalow-fatdiet

mightbeparticularlybeneficial.Butthisstudyhassetthegoldstandardfbrdietstudiesin

thefuture.

11、[RI]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、[R2]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、[R3]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、[R4]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、[R5]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

[A]Womcnmarryup;menmarrydown[B]Today'swomenlovedomesticlife

[C|Equalityincourtshipunrealized|D]Womenappreciatemenpayingthecheck

|E]Womenaremeredomesticrobots|F]Women'smagazinesarenodifferencefromwhat

theywereWhenIenteredcollegein1969,womenweresheddinggirdles,paddedbras

andconventions.Womenwereonceagainimitatingmenandactingallindependent:

smoking,drinking,wantingtoearnmoneyandthinkingtheyhadtherighttobesexual,

thistimeprotectedbythepill.[RI]Decadesafterthefeministmovement

promisedequalitywithmen,itwasbecomingincreasinglyapparentthatmanywomen

wouldhavetobrushuponthevenerabletricksofthetrade:anabsurdlycharminglittle

laugh,aperttossofthehead,anairofsaucytriumph,dewyeyesandafullknowledgeof

music,drawing,elegantnotewritingandgeography.Today,womenhavegonebackto

huntingtheirquarry-inpersonandincyberspace-withelaborateschemesdesignedto

allowthedeludedcreaturestothinktheyarethehunters.[R2]Nowdating

etiquettehasreverted.Youngwomennolongercareaboutusingthechecktoasserttheir

equality.Theycareaboutusingittoassesstheirsexuality.GoingDutchisanarchaic

feministrelic.Youngwomentalkaboutitwithdisbeliefanddisdain.[R3]

Menwouldrathermarrytheirsecretariesthantheirbosses,andevolutionmaybeto

blame.AstudybypsychologyresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,usingcollege

undergraduates,suggestedthatmengoingforlong-termrelationshipswouldrathermarry

wumciiinsuboidinalcjobsIlianwumciiwhuaicbupcivisors.Menlliinkthatwumciiwith

importantjobsaremorelikelytocheatonthem.Thereitis,rightintheDNA:womenget

penalizedbyinsecuremenforbeingtooindependent.Womenmovingupstillstriveto

marryup.Menmovingupstilltendtomarrydown.Thetwosexes'goinginopposite

directionshasledtoanepidemicofprofessionalwomenmissingoutonhusbandsand

kids.[R4]Manywomennowdonotthinkofdomesticlifeasacomfortable

concentrationcamp,wheretheyarelosingtheiridentitiesandturningintoanonymous

biologicalrobotsin