考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷364

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷364

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

Whenwefailtodemonstraterespectforourselveswearcindirectlyencouragingothersto

disrespectusaswell.Respectmeansshowingregardorconsideration.Ifwedon'tvalue

ourselveswiththisesteemandwedisregardourselves,thenotherswillmostlikelyfollow

suit.Lackofselfrespectcandiscreditanindividualandotherscansenseit.Thisalso

holdstrueforhowwetreatothers.Ifyouhavenorespectorlackofitforyourself,thenit

canbedifficulttoimplementandunderstandtheimportanceofrespectingothers.Respect

shouldnothavetobeearned.Itshouldbegivenoutofsimplekindnessandhuman

nature.Unfortunately,compassionandempathyhasfallenflatintoday'ssociety.Overall,

peopledon'tseemtocaremuchaboutoneanotherandevensadder,theydon'tseemto

caremuchaboutthemselves.Sometimeswemustteachorshowpeoplehowtotreatusby

emulatingit.Thiscanbedoneordisplayedinthewayweholdourselves.Forinstance,

showingrespectforourselvescanbeintheformofhowyouspeakandact.Whenyou

haveselfrespect,youtendtohaveahighvalueofyourselfanditshowsinyourbehavior.

Youpresentyourselfinawaythattellsothers,"IamworthyandIamadecentperson.11

Lackofrespectisalsoevidentinthewayyouspeak.Youmayrefertoyourselforothers

negativelyandmayactordothingsthatarcdemeaningtoyourselfandthem.Disrespect

directlystates,"Idon'tcareaboutyouoryourfeelings."Peoplearegoingtotreatyou

howeveryouallowthemtowhethergoodorbad.Whenyouexhibitselfrespect,youwill

notunderanycircumstancesstickaroundtoalloworencourageotherstotreatyouina

disrespectfulmanner.Theywillquicklylearnthatyoudonottoleratethattypeof

treatment.Youwillalsobemorelikelytoshowrespecttootherindividualsbecauseyou

realizethattheyarejustasworthyofitasyouare.Eventhemostunpleasant,

disrespectfulpersoncanlearnbyexample.Beingtreatedwithdignityandrespect

promotesfeelingsofgoodwillandbcncficcnce.Asmuchdiscontentanddisregardas

thereisintheworldtoday,Istillliketobelievethatmostpeoplearegenerallygood,kind

andcaring.Whiletheymaynotbethemajority,theyaretheexceptionandifweeach

startwithourselvesitwillbemucheasiertopayitforward.

1、Ifyoulackselfrespect,otherswill.

A、mostlikelyshowdisrespectforyou

B、havenoconfidenceinyourabilities

C>Iblluwyouanddisrcspuclihcmstlves

D、useeverymeanstotakeadvantageofyou

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据第一段中的“If…wcdisregardourselves,thenotherswillmost

likelyfollowsuif\如果你不尊重自己，别人也会不尊重你，A应为答案。

2、Accordingtothetext,respectdenotes.

A^aconductinaccordwithaspecificethic

B、aspecificfeelingofregardforothers

C、anattitudeofadmiration,oresteem

D、asenseofthevalueofsomething

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第一段中的"Respectmeansshowingregardorconsideration”可

知，“respect”指的是对人关心和尊敬的态度。所以，C应为答案。

3、Itisregrettablethatrespectis.

A、somethingwhichhastobeearned

B、replacedbycompassionandempathy

C、takenlightlybymanypeopleatpresent

D、whatfewpeopledeserveintoday'ssociety

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第二段中的“Unfbrtunately,compassionandempathyhasfallenflat

intoday'ssociety.Overall,peopledon'tseemtocaremuchaboutoneanolher…''可

知，如今人们似乎彼此缺乏尊重，令人遗憾。所以，C应为答案。

4、Tocultivateselfrespect,youshould.

A、admityourerrorsandmistakes

B、presentyourselfinadecentmanner

C、showlessrespectforyoursuperiors

D、disciplinewhatyousayandwhatyoudo

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第二段中的“Whenyouhaveselfrespect,...itshowsinyour

behavior.Youpresentyourselfinawaythattellsothers,fcIamworthyandIama

decentperson,,\R应为答案c

5、Accordingtothetext,adisrespectfulperson.

A、showsanexaggeratedopinionofhisability

B、ignoresother'sgoodwillandbeneficence

C、maybeasgood,kindandcaringasothers

D、deservesbeingtreatedwithoutcourtesy

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据第三段前两句"Disrespectdirectlystates,'Idon'tcareaboutyouor

yourfeelings.'Peoplearegoingtotreatyouhoweveryouallowthemtowhethergood

orbad”可知，你怎样对待别人，别人就怎样对待你。所以，D应为答案。

ThereisaperfectsymmetryinwhatremainsofWilliamShakespeare:theimmensityof

hisplaysandthelackofbiographicalinformationabouttheman.Fromacanonasrichas

his,andadocumentaryrecordasmeagerashis,youcaninferalmostanything.Whenit

comestoprivacy,Shakespeareout-SalingersSalingerandout-PynchonsPynchon.Go

lookingfortheman,andyouwillfindonlythepersondoing[helooking.Thehungerfor

moreisalwaysthere,whichiswhyaportrait—apaintingofaverywcll-drcsscd

Elizabethanman—takenfromtheprivatecollectionofanaristocraticAnglo-Irishfamily,

theCobbes,hasdrawnsomuchattention.Physicalevidenceconfirmsthepainting's

antiquity,anditsprovenancelinksittoShakespeare'sonlyliterarypatron.Butwhile

provenancemaybeagoodguidetoownership,itisaveryweedyindicatorofidentity.

ThemostthatcanreallybesaidisthattheCobbeportrait,whichwasrevealedinLondon

thisweek,wasprobablypaintedinShakespeare'slifetimeandthatitbearsalikenessto

otherreputedShakespeareportraits-thatlengthynose,thoseside-glancingeyes,the

hairlinebeginningitsretreatoverthebedrockofthatskull.Butgiventhestylized

conventionsofElizabethanportraiture,apolicedragnetinLondoncirca1610mighthave

turnedupmanydozensofmenwitharesemblancetothisimage.Whatwehave,as

alwayswithShakespeare,isatrailthatleadsusbacktothepastanddissolvesinto

uncertainty.TheperennialsearchforaportraitofShakespeareisreallyasearchforan

imagethatjustifiesourideaofShakespeare,ourideaofwriting.Wesomehowwantthe

youngShakespearetolooklikeJosephFiennes,fieryandslashing.Butwhatifhelooked

likeRickyGervais?Wouldtheplaysmeanlesstous?Inaway,thepaucityofwhatwe

knowaboutShakespeare'slifeisanantidotefbrourtimes.WecannotviewhisFacebook

profileorfollowhimonTwitter.Wedonothavethephonelogsorthefinancialrecords.

Asaman,heisnot,toourknowledge,betterorworsethananyofus.Herepresentsthe

forceofthecreativemind,buthealsoembodiesthepastnessofthepast.Everyclaimto

havefoundsomerelicoftheoriginalShakespeareisjustanotherreminderthathiswork

needsnobiographyatall.

6、Itisimpliedinthetextthat.

A、Salingerout-PynchonsPynchonaswell

B、SalingerwasawriterasgreatasPynchon

C、littleisknownaboutSalinger'sprivatelifb

D、ShakespearewascontemporarywithSalinger

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第一段中的"Whenitcomestoprivacy,Shakespeareout—Salingers

Salingerandout—PynchonsPynchon"，C应为答案。

7、Bysaying"youwillfindonlythepersondoingthelooking"inthefirstparagraph,the

authormeansthat.

A^Shakespearehasbeenamysteriousfigureinourminds

B、itisabsolutelyimpossibletoknowgenuineShakespeare

C、thereisahungerfbrmoreinformationaboutShakespeare

D^itisfoolishofanypersontolookfortherealShakespeare

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据上下文，笫二段笫二句起承上启下作用，其中“Thehungerfbr

moreisalwaysthere”解释了第一段最后一句中的“youwillfindonlythepersondoing

thelooking“。所以,C应为答案。

8、TheCobbeportraithasdrawnsomuchattentionsince.

A、wearestarvingformoreinformationaboutShakespeare

B、mostlikelyitistheportraitofShakespearepeopleadore

C^itcomesfromtheprivatecollectionofacelebratedfamily

D、itsantiquityandprovenanceverifiesitslinktoShakespeare

标准答案：A

知识点解析:根据第二段中的"Thehungerformoreisalwaysthere,whichiswhya

portrait...hasdrawnsomuchattention"，A应为答案。

9、TheauthorissurethattheCobbeportrait.

A、realisticallyrevealstheimageofShakespeare

canonlyleadustouncertaintyaboutthepast

C^isauthenticratherthanspuriousorcounterfeit

D、resemblesotherpurportedShakespeareportraits

标准答案：D

知识点解析:根据第三段中的“…itbearsalikenesstootherreputedShakespeare

portraits...D应为答案。

10、ThelackofbiographicalinformationaboutShakespearemeansthat.

A、it'sunlikelytofindhisphonelogsanywhere

B、hisplaysremaingreatthoughhemaybeplain

C、youcaninferanythinggoodorbadabouthim

D、hisFacebookprofilecannotbefoundonthenet

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据最后一段中的"Asaman,heisnot,toourknowledge,betteror

worsethananyofus”和“Everyclaim...isjustanotherreminderthathisworkneeds

nobiographyatall”,B应为答案。

StanfordUniversity'sIrvingWeissmanhassaidthathewouldliketoinjecthumanstem

cellsintothedevelopingbrainsoffetalmice,withthegoalofproducingmousebrains

composedchiellyofhumanbraincells.Suchmicemightbeusefulfortestingdrugsto

cureorpreventvarioushumanbraindiseases.Sincethebrainswouldhavethe

architectureofmousebrains,itisunlikelythattheywouldbecomebiotechStuartLittles

andexhibitanycharacteristicsthatwouldcauseusmoralconcerns.Butwhatabout

injectinghumanbrainstemcellsintothedevelopingbrainsoffetalchimpanzees?That's

clearlyabitclosertotheline,butifhumancellsarcsimplyintegratedintothetypical

architectureofachimpanzee'sbrain,thenagain,itwouldprobablycreatenonewethical

problems.Besidethepossibilityofgivinghumancharacteristicstoanimals,injecting

humanstemcellsintonon-humanscouldcreateothermoralconcerns.Forexample,stem

cellsmightiransdifferenlialeintogamele-produuingcells,andintegratethemselvesinto

theovariesandtestesofmice,wheretheywouldproducecompletelyhumaneggsand

sperm.Onecouldimaginesuchchimericmaleandfemalemicematingandproducinga

completelyhumanembryo.Ofcourse,thatembryowouldbeunabletodevelopinthe

uterusofamouse,sotheworldwouldnothavetodealwiththebirthofachildwhose

momwasarodent.Butagain,whatifthisresearchweredonewithlargerchimeric

animals——say,cows—thatcouldpossiblycarryahumanbabytoterm?Butchimericmice

couldalsobeusedtohelppeopleovercomeinfertility.Bonemarrowstemcellsfroman

infertilewomanormanmightbeinjectedintoafetalmouse,wheretheycouldbe

iransdifferentiatedintogamete-producingcells.Gametesmightbeharvestedfromthe

miceandusedinIVFprocedurestoengenderachild.Assumingit'smedicallysafe,

producingachildinthiswaywouldnotbeunethical.Finally,ithastobeasked:would

eatingalivercomposedchieflyofhumanlivercellsgrowninasheepbecannibalism?I

sayyes;don'tdoit.Savethemfortransplants.Ashumanity'sbiotechnologicalprowess

increases,wewillconfrontagainandagainthequestionofwhat,ifany,limitsshouldbe

placedonresearchthatmixeshumanandanimalgenes,cellsandtissues.Themain

ethicalconcernaboutsuchresearchisnotthecreationofimprovedandusefulanimals,

buttheriskofproducingwhatwouldbe,ineffect,diminishedhumanbeings.

11、Producingmousebrainscomposedchieflyofhumanbraincellswould.

A、facilitatethedevelopmentofbiotech

B、havelittletodowithethicalproblems

C>initiatenewproceduresfortestingdrugs

D、failtoexhibitanyhumancharacteristics

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第一段最后一句”...itisunlikelythatthey...wouldcauseusmoral

concerns”》应为答案。

12、Thechimericmicegeneratedwouldcauseus.

A、lessmoralconcernsthanlaboratorymice

B、moremoralconcernsthanlaboratorymice

C、nomoreorlessmoralconcernsthanlaboratorymice

D^asmuchmoralconcernsaslargerchimericanimals

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第一段最后一句“…itisunlikelythatthey...wouldcauseusmoral

concerns”和第四段最后——句“…whatifthisresearchweredonewithlargerchimeric

animals-say,cows-thatcouldpossiblycarryahumanbabytoterm?”,C应为答案。

13、Thechiefmoralconcernbyinjectinghumanstemcellsintonon-humansisthatthe

chimericanimalcreatedmight.

A、behavelikehumans

B、generatehumanembryo

C、givebirthtoarodentchild

D、producehumaneggsandsperm

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据前三段的上下文，尤其第三段第一句“Besidethepossibilityof

givinghumancharacteristicstoanimals,injectinghumanstemcellsintonon-humans

couldcreateothermoralconcems”,A应为答案。

14、Chimericmicecreatedcouldbeusedto.

A、engenderahumanchild

B、helpinfertilecoupleprocreate

C>providegamete-producingceils

D、preventvarioushumanbraindiseases

标准答案：B

知识点解析:根据第四段第一句"Butchimericmicecouldalsobeusedtohelppeople

overcomeinfertility,\B应为答案。

15、Whattheauthorworriesmostabouttheresearchmixinghumanandanimalcelkis

thepossibilityofcreating.

A、animalswithintelligence

moreadvancedanimals

C>infertilehumanbeings

D、inferiorhumanbeings

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据全文最后一句"Themainethicalconcernaboutsuchresearchis

not...animals,buttheriskofproducingwhatwouldbe,ineffect,diminishedhuman

beings”,D应为答案。

Theideathatwomenarehuntingforrichhusbandswhilemenchoosewivesfortheir

beautyisalongwayfromthetruth,suggestsanewstudy.Whilesomecelebrity

marriagesmayfitthispattern,mostmenandwomenareseekingamatewhoissimilarto

theminqualitiessuchasincome,beauty,anddesiretohavechildren.Thenewstudy

floutsthetraditionallyacceptedviewsthat,tomaximiseourabilitytoreproduce,menare

seekingyoung,attractivewomenwhoarelikelytobearthemchildrenwhilewomenare

seekingolder,successfulmenwhohavetheresourcestosupportandprotecttheiryoung.

"Ourresultsflyinfaceofthesestudies,"saysStephenEmlen,abehaviouralecologistat

CornellUniversity,whoconductedthestudywithPeterBuston,nowattheUniversityof

California,SantaBarbara.BustonandEmlen'sstudysuggestsmostmenandwomenin

Westernsocietylookforpartnerswithqualitiesonaparwiththeirown.Attractive

females,forexample,aremuchmorelikelytoseekasimilarlyhealthyandgood-looking

matethanarichone.Andwealthymalesaremorelikelytoseekarichwifethanapretty

one.Unionsof"like"individualsaremoreadvantageousfromanevolutionary

perspective,saysEmlen,becausetheyaremorestable.Thisisbeneficialbecausehumans

requirelong-termrelationshipsbothtoproducealotofchildrenandtoensurethatthey

survivetoadulthood.Theresearchersgavequestionnairestoalmost1000menand

womenaged18to24.Thevolunteerswerefirstaskedtorankthedesirabilityof10

attributesinalong-termpartner,andthenrankthemselvesonthesame10attributes.

Analysingtheresults,BustonandEmlcnfoundaconsistentmatchbetweenthequalities

rankedashighlydesirableinapartnerandinanindividualthemselves.Thenewstudy

confirmsthatbeforesettingouttosearchforamate,peopleassesstheirownassetsand

thenlookforamate"intheirleague".Theimplication,saysEmlen,isthatlongand

happymarriagesaremostlikelyforcouplessharingsimilarvalues,education,physical

appearanceandintellectualinterests.Choosingapartnerwithfarsuperiorqualitieswould

riskafuturebreakup,becausesuchapartnerwouldeventuallybetemptedawaybya

higherqualitymate.However,RobinDunbar,anevolutionarypsychologistatthe

UniversityofLiverpool,U.K.,warnsagainstoversimplifyinghumanmatechoice."It

likeapokergame,"hesays."Youhavetobalanceyourpreferencesagainstthoseofyour

partnerandtheotherplayersinthegame.*'

16^Itisgenerallybelievedthat.

A、everypersonisseekingahealthymate

B、mostwomenareseekingwealthyhusbands

C^fewmenchoosewivesonlyfortheirbeauty

D、onlyattractivewomenhavegood-lookinghusbands

标准答案:B

知识点解析：根据上下文可知，第一段中所说的“Theideathatwomena