考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷109

考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷109

一、阅读9翻译句子）（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共

20分。）

NoNobelprizehasyetbeenawardedfortheinventionofanelixiroflife,buttheprize

itselfseemstobeone.That,atleast,istheconclusionofMatthewRablenandAndrew

OswaldoftheUniversityofWarwick,inEngland[Fl]Dr.RablenandDr.Oswald

haveiustpublishedastudyontheuniversity'sworking-Dapersitewhichconcludesthat

Nobelsciencelaureateslivesignificantlylongerthanthoseof[heircolleagueswhowere

nominatedforaprize,butfailedtoreceiveone.Thetheorytheyweretestingwasthat

statusperscratherthanthetrappingsofstatus,suchaswealth,acttoprolonglife.This

ideawasfirstpromulgatedbySirMichaelMarmot,ofUniversityCollege,London.

[F2]SirMichaelstudiedthehealthofBritishcivilservantsanddiscovered、contraryto

hisandeveryoneelse'sexpeclations,ihatthoseattheu）pofthehierarchy—whomih?

stressofthejobwasexpectedtohaveaffectedadversely-wereactuallyfarhealthier

thanthesupposedlyunstressedofficialsatthebottomcftheheap.Subsequentresearch

hasconfirmedthisresult,andsuggesteditisnothingtodowiththelargersalariesof

thoseatthetop.ButDr.RablenandDr.Oswaldthoughtitwouldbeinterestingtorefine

theobservationstillfurther,bystudyingindividualswhowereall,inasense,atthetop.

BycomparingpeoplegoodenoughtobeconsideredforaNobel,theycouldmeasure

whatthestatusofhavingonewasworth.[F3]Comparingwinnersandalso-ransfrom

withinthesamecountries,toavoidyetanothersourceofbias,DrRablenandDr.Oswald

foundthatthewinnerslived,onaverage,twoyearslongerthanthosewhohadmerely

beennominated.Exactlywhatcausesthisincreasedlongevityisunclear.Itisnotthe

cash,though.Theinflation-adjustedvalueoftheprizehasfluctuatedovertheyears,so

thetworesearcherswereabletoseeifthepurchasingpowerofthemoneywascorrelated

withlongevity.Itwasnot.[F4]Withthehierarchicallyorderedindividualsstudiedby

SirMichaelandhissuccessors,bothmedicalrecordsandexperimentsonanimalssuggest

stresshoimoncsarcinvolved.Itis,indeed,morestressfultobeatthebottomthanthetop,

evenifbeingatthetopinvolvesmakingdecisionsonthefateofnations.[F5]The

resultDr.RablenandDr.Oswaldhavecomeupwith,ihough,suggestsapositiveeffecl

associatedwithhighstatus,ratherihantheabsenceofanegativeeffect,since

unsuccessfulnomineesneverknowthattheyhavebeennominated.

1、[Fl]

标准答案：拉伯伦博士与奥斯瓦尔德博士刚刚在沃里克大学学报上发表了一份研究

报告，该报告表明摘取诺贝尔奖桂冠的科学家的寿命明显要长于那些得到提名却未

能获奖的科学家。

知识点解析：本文共五段。第一段讲两位博士发表报告指出摘取诺贝尔奖桂冠的

科学家的寿命明显要长于那些得到提名但却未能获奖的科学家。第二段讲麦克爵士

发现一个意料之外的现象，即那些处在最高层、承受着工作压力的公务员要比那些

位于底层看似没有压力的公务员更加健康。第三段进一步支撑第二段的观点。第四

段分析长寿的原因。第五段讲两位博士得出高地位能带来积极影响的结论。

2、[F2]

标准答案：麦克爵士曾在研究英国公务员的健康时发现，那些处在最高层、被认为

承受极大工作压力影响的公务员要比那些位于底层看似没有压力的公务员更加健

康，而这一发现与他及其他所有人的预料都相反。

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、[F3]

标准答案：通过比较来自同一个国家的获奖者与落选者，以避免另一种偏差，拉伯

伦博士与奥斯瓦尔德博士发现获奖者的平均寿命要比那些仅仅得到提名的人长两

年。

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、[F4]

标准答案：在麦克爵士及其后继者所研究的等级制度森严的人群中，医学记录和在

动物身上展开的实验都表明长寿与调控压力的激素有关。

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、[F5]

标准答案：拉伯伦博士与奥斯瓦尔德博士所得出的结论表明了高地位带来的是积极

影响而不是负面影响，因为没能获得成功的被提名人决不会知道他们曾获得了提

名。

知识点解析：暂无解析

"Flexibility"hasbecomeakeymetaphorpotentlyvivifyingavarietyofcontemporarylife

discourses.[Fl]Ascapitalbecomesmoreglobalizedandnationaleconomics

increasinglyintegiatedonaglobalbasis,flexibilitybecomesbothakeygoalin,anda

meansof,maintainingandincreasingeconomiccompaitivcncss.Organizationsarc

expectedtorespondflexiblyandrapidlytomarketchangesandapremiumisnowplaced

ontheneedforflexibilitynotonlywithinworkplacesbutalsobetweenthem.Withinthis

contextarelocatedinterlinkingdiscoursesofflexibleorganizations,flexibleworkersand

aconsequentperceivedneedamongstmanagersforflexiblestructures,modesand

contentsoflearningtoservicetheseorganizationsandworkers.[F2]GivenIhis

context,flexiblelearningcanbeseenasbothaconditionofandcontributortochangesin

thesocialandeconomicdivisionoflabor,theorganizalionandmanagementofworkand

production、and(hemanagemenlofworkplaceculture.Flexiblelearningisalso,froman

educationalperspective,abouttheappropriateprovisionsrequiredtomeetsuchchanges.

Traditionalknowledgecanonsandpedagogicsareincreasinglyseenasinflexible,

challengedanddisplacedbymoreflexiblecontentsandmodesoflearningregardedas

morecongruentwiththeflexibilityinlaborprocesses,markets,productsandpatternsof

consumption.[F3]AllIhishascontributed【oacceleratingihebieakdownofihi

university'smonoDolyofknowledgelegitimationandtoadevelopingconsciousnessthat

theuniversityisnolongertheonlyorprincipalsiteinwhich“valid"learningoccurs.As

wellassocio-economicandtechnologicalchanges,thesignificanceofchangesinthe

culturalclimateareanimportantmeansofunderstandingthecontemporaryworkplace.

Theselatter,toalargeextent,areboththecauseandoutcomeofpostmodernismasa

generalizedsocialconsciousnessthatinvolvestheunderminingoffoundations,centersof

authorityandcanonicalknowledgeandmoredecentredformsofsocialandeconomic

organization.Thishascontributedtoanacuteconsciousnessofchange,stimulationof

diversityanddifferenceandaconsequentneedtobe'flexible'.[F4]This

simullaneous.continuousandrapidchange-inbolhihehighereducationseclorandin

contemporaryworkplaces—isbothanoutcomeandareinforcemenlofaperceived

urgencyforcontinuousadaptationandflexibleapproachestolearning.Emergingin

severalOECDnationsincludingtheUKandAustraliaareuniversityledwork-based

learningawards.[F5]Theseawardprogramscanbeaallyundersloodasaninstanceof

flexibleleaining,characlerislicofaconlemDorarysiluaiionihalincreasinglyand

significanllyprivileges"learning"asihetermDreferredover'education”.Thisis

manifestingnotonlyflexibilityinlearningbutalsoaflexibilityoflearning.Thisentailsa

reconfigurationoftraditionaleducationalprinciplesofdisciplines-basedcurricula,

canonicaltexts,courseswithfixedbeginningsandends,andface-to-faceteaching.

6、[Fl]

标准答案：随着资本在全球范围内流动的加强以及各国国民经济在全球经济基础上

的日益融合，灵活性已经是保持并增强经济竞争力的一个重要目标，也是实现这一

目标的一种重要方式。

知识点解析：全文共四段。第一段指出灵活性学习产生的背景，第二、三段从三

个方面讲了灵活性学习的必要性：社会经济、技术和文化风气的转变呼吁我们进行

灵活性学习。最后一段讲“以大学为向导、工作为依托”的学习模式已在一些国家取

得进步。

7、[F2]

标准答案：鉴于这背景，灵活式学习可被视为社会经济中劳动力分配、工作与生

产的组织管理以及企业文化管理等方面变化的条件之一，也是促进这一变化的动力

之一。

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、[F3]

标准答案：所有这些因素都有助于加快瓦解大学在正规学习上的垄断地位；同时也

使人们越来越强烈地认混到，大学已不再是“有效”学习的唯一或主要场所。

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、[F4]

标准答案：高等教育部门和现代企业内部正在发生的持续而快速的变化既是我们迫

切要求不断适应环境和灵活学习的产物，同时，它又加强了人们对这两方面的紧迫

感。

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、[F5]

标准答案：在当前的教育环境下，人们越来越频繁地用“学习”代皆，教育”，这种

“以大学为向导、工作为依托''的学习模式可以比较贴切地理解为当前教育形势的特

色一灵活式学习的一个典范。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Personalityistoalargeextentinherent-A-typeparentsusuallybringaboutA-type

offspring.[Fl]ButtheenvironmcnJmustalsohaveaprofoundeffect,sinceif

competitionisimportantiotheparents,itislikelytobecomeamajorfactorinthelivesof

theirchildren.OneplacewherechildrensoakupAcharacteristicsisschool,whichis,by

itsverynature,ahighlycompetitiveinstitution.Toomanyschoolsadoptthewinatall

costsmoralstandardandmeasuretheirsuccessbysportingachievements.[F2]The

cuiTcntpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainsttheclock

producesaiwo-laycrsystem,inwhichcompetitiveA-typcsseeminsomewaybetterthan

theirB-typefellows.Beingtookeentowincanhavedangerousconsequences:remember

thatPheidippides,thefirstmarathonrunner,droppeddeadsecondsaftersaying:Rejoice,

weconquer!Byfartheworstformofcompetitioninschoolsisthedisproportionate

emphasisonexaminations.Itisarareschoolthatallowspupilstoconcentrateonthose

thingstheydowell.[F3]Themeritsofcompclitionbyexaminationsomewhat

questionable,butcompetitioninthecertainknowledgeoffailureispositivelyhairnful.

Obviously,itisneitherpracticalnordesirablethatallAyoungsterschangeintoB's.

[F4]Theworldneedstypes,andschoolshaveaniniDortantdutytotrytofitachild's

personalitytohispossiblefutureeinployment.Itistopmanagement.Ifthepreoccupation

ofschoolswithacademicworkwaslessened,moretimemightbespentteachingchildren

surervalues.[F5]Perhapsseleclionforihecaringprofessions,especiallymedicine,

couldbemadelessbygoodgiadesinchemistryandmorebysuchconsideralionsas

sensilivityandsympathy.IlissurelyamistaketochooseourdoctorsexclusivelyfromA-

typestock.B'sareimportantandshouldbeencouraged.

11、(FI]

标准答案：但环境也定对其有深刻的影响，因为如果竞争对父母来说很重要的

话。那它也可能成为孩子生活中的一个重要因素。

知识点解析：本文主要围绕A、B型性格的孩子展开讨论。第一、二、三段：介绍

A型性格的人在竞争的环境中成长，形成了他们的性格特征。第四段：指出社会需

要各种性格的人。第五段：如果学校不过多地注重于学习结果，就可以花更多的时

间教些更有价值的东西。选择护理方面的人，尤其是医疗护理人员——也许应该看

他们是否心细、是否有同情心，而不应看他们化学成绩如何。只从A型性格的人

中选择医生的做法是不可取的，B型性格的人也是社会所需要的，应该受到相应的

鼓励。在此段，作者对目前培养及选择人才的标准进行了批评。

12、[F2]

标准答案：现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在

这个结构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹。

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、[F3]

标准答案：通过考试进行竞争的优点本身就有些让人怀疑，但是如果在明知注定要

失败的情况下还要竞争就肯定是有害的了。

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、[F4]

标准答案：这个世界需要各种性格的人，学校的一个重要职责是使孩子的性格适合

将来可能从事的工作。

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、[F5]

标准答案：也许对从事照顾他人的职业，特别是医疗事业（从业人员）的选择应咳更

少地基于化学成绩而更多地基于对敏感个性和同情心的考虑。

知识点解析：暂无解析

BernardBailynhasrcccndyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesby

applyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants.Inhis

reinterpretation,migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryof

preindustrialNorthAmerica.Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions.[Fl]

ThefirstottheseassertsthatresidentsotearlymodernEnglandmovedregularlyabout

theircountryside;migratingloIheNewWorldwassimplyanalundspillover.[F2]

AllhoughalfirslIhecoloniesheldlilUepositiveallractionforiheEnglish—iheywould

ra【herhaveslayedhome—byiheeighleenlhcenlurypeoHeincreasinglymigialedlo

AmericabecauseiheyregardeditasihelandofODDortunity.Secondly,Bailynholdsthat,

contrarytothenotionthatusedtoflourishinAmericahistorytextbooks,therewasnever

atypicalNewWorldcommunity.Forexample,theeconomicanddemographiccharacter

ofearlyNewEnglandtovznsvariedconsiderably.Bailyn'sthirdpropositionsuggesttwo

generalpatternsprevailingamongthemanythousandsofmigrants:onegroupcameas

indenturedservants,anothercametoacquireland.Surprisingly,Bailynsuggeststhat

thosewhorecruitedindenturedservantswerethedrivingforcesoftransatlantic

migration.[F3]Thesecolonialentrepreneurshelpeddeterminethesocialcharacterof

DeoplewhocametopreindustrialNorthAmerica.Atfirst,thousandsofunskilledlaborers

wererecruited;bythe1730's,however,Americanemployersdemandedskilledartisans.

Finally,Bailynarguesthatthecolonieswereahalf-civilizedhinterlandoftheEuropean

culturesystem.Heisundoubtedlyconecttoinsistthatthecolonieswerepartofan

Anglo-Americanempire.ButtodividetheempireintoEnglishcoreandcolonial

periphery,asBailyndoes,devaluestheachievementsofcolonialculture.Itistrue,as

Bailynclaims,thathighcultureinthecoloniesnevermatchedthatinEngland.Butwhat

ofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland,wherethesettlerscreatedeffectivelaws,builta

distinguisheduniversity,andpublishedbooks?BailynmightrespondthatNewEngland

wasexceptional.However,theideasandinstitutionsdevelopedbyNewEnglandPuritans

hadpowerfuleffectsonNor