高中英语选择性必修一拓展阅读“竞生多”（BioBlitz）简史

“竞生多”（BioBlitz）简史说来时间长也不太长，"竞生多"（BioBlitzes）这个词最初是由美国国家公园管理局博物学家SusanRudy提出的，同时这个伟大的科学家还帮忙举办了有史以来的第一场生物限时寻活动。1996年，在华盛顿特区凯尼尔沃思水上花园，举行了第一场生物限时寻。此次活动成绩斐然——大约确定了有1000个物种。SamDroege（USGS）和DanRoddy（NPS）在其他政府科学家的协助下进行了生物多样性的首次记录。公众、特别是新闻媒体，也都收到了邀请。自第一次生物限时寻活动成功以来，20多年中，世界各地的许多组织开始陆续模仿、复制这一活动。从那时起，大多数“竞生多”活动都包含一个公共部分，以便成人、孩子、青少年和任何感兴趣的人都可以加入该领域的专家和科学家。参与这些动手实地研究是人们了解生物多样性、并更好地理解如何保护生物多样性的一种有趣和令人兴奋的方式。1998年，哈佛生物学家E.O.Wilson和马萨诸塞州的野生动物专家PeterAlden开发了一个程序，为沃尔登池（WaldenPond）周围的生物物种进行编目。这促成了覆盖全州的“生物多样性节”（BiodiversityDays）活动。这个概念跟"竞生多"大同小异，所以有时候这两个术语可以互换使用。"博客竞生多”(BloggerBlitz)是生物限时寻的一种衍生活动，开始于2007年。参与的博客承诺对生物多样性进行个体调查，而不是将志愿者和科学家聚集在一个地点。随后，对这些结果然后进行编译和规划。这次行动的目的不是调查所有生物分类单元的物种水平，而是人们提高对生物多样性的认识，并提供多样性的总体概况。从2007年到2016年，国家地理学会和美国国家公园管理局每年在不同的国家公园合作开展生物限时寻，作为国家公园管理局百周年纪念活动的一部分，生物限时寻在2016年国家公园服务中达到高潮。iNaturalist平台被用作本系列2014、2015和2016年百年生物限时寻的记录工具。国家公园管理局和国家地理部门与科学家、公园管理人员和公众共同举办第一届全国范围内的国家公园生物限时寻，并担任公民科学家，对移动应用程序iNaturalist进行6万多次观测。目前，通过努力，共记录了将近7,000种物种，其中包括公园物种清单中的新物种，估计约有8万名公众参与者。目前已经有很多国家开展生物限时寻活动，其中包括美国、英国、匈牙利、西班牙、马来西亚等等。UNIT3单元提能强化练Ⅰ.阅读理解AWhenBradRyanwasyoung.HeusedtospendagoodtimewithhisgrandmaJoy.Ryansays,“Iremembersleepoversatherhousewhenshewouldteachmetomakecookies.”ThetwobecamedistantwhenRyan’sparentsdivorced(离婚),butthenranintoeachother10yearslater.Realizinghowmuchhelikedhisgrandmotherandmissedthatlosttime,hemadeaplantospendtimewithher.Abouteightyearsago,RyanwastellingJoyabouthis2009hikeandmanyadventureslivinginthewilderness.“Hereyessoftenedandthenshematter-of-factlysaid,‘IregretthatIdidn’tgettoseemorethingsinlife.Itwouldhavebeennicetoseethemountains.’Myheartbrokeforher,”Ryanrecalls.Itwasn’tuntilafewyearslaterthatthetwotookatriptotheGreatSmokeMountains.Afterastressfulworkschedule.Ryanneededanescapetonature.Soheinvitedhisgrandmatotravelwithhim.TheyarrivedlateatnightintherainwithJoyholdingtheumbrellawhileRyansetupthetent.At85,shehadneversleptinatentbefore,butsheclimbed2.3milesonatrail,receivinghigh-fivesalltheway.“Itwasalife-changingtripthatprovidedmorepurposethananythingIhadeverdone,”Ryansays.“TwoyearslaterIsetupaGoFundMecalledGrandmaJoy’sRoadTripinthespiritofmakingupforthelosttimeandprovingthatyou’renevertoooldtopackinalifetimeofadventureandtravel.”Inthepastfouryears,theyhavetravelledmorethan25,000milesacross38states.Sofar,they’vevisited29ofthe61USnationalparks,withmuchoftheadventuredocumentedonInstagram.“Youneverknowwhat’sgoingtocomeoutofhermouth,andit’susuallyinteresting.Iwouldn’twanttotravelthecountrywithanyoneelseatthispoint.Ofcoursewebettiredandhaveourangrymoments.Therehavebeendifficultmomentsthatwehadtoworkthrough,butfinallywegottowhereweneededtobe.”1.WhydoesRyansetupGrandmaJoy’sRoadTriponInstagram?A.Tomakeupforthe10-yearlosttime.B.Toencourageotherstotravelalot.C.Toshowhisloveforhisgrandma.D.Toremembertheirunforgettabletrip.2.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGrandmaJoy?A.Honestandstrict.B.Determinedandsincere.C.Patientandcautious.D.Adventurousandhumorous.3.WhathappenedduringRyanandhisgrandma’strip?A.Theygotinjuredsometimes.B.Theymademanynewfriends.C.Theyovercamelotsofdifficulties.D.Theynevergotannoyedwitheachother.4.What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A.BradRyanLikesRoadTripsB.ABoyTravelswithHisGrandmaC.AGoodandAdventurousBoyD.MemorableMomentsinRyan’sLifeBFewplacesintheworldcanbeasgoodasWaterton-GlacierInternationalPeacePark.ThisUNESCOWorldHeritagesitehassnow-cappedmountainsand,initsvalleys,deepbluelakes.Grizzlybearsandmountainlionsliveinitsforests.ItisdifferentfrommostotherWorldHeritagesitesduetoitslocationintwocountries.Thislandactuallycombinestwolargenationalparks—WatertonLakesNationalParkinAlberta,Canada,andGlacierNationalParkinMontana,UnitedStates.Backin1931,localRotaryClubmembershadtheideaofunitingthetwoparks.TheRotariansbelievedtheareacouldbebetterprotectedandenjoyedasone,andtheirgovernmentsagreed.Then,in1995,UNESCOagreedaswell,andthetwoparksbecameasingleWorldHeritagesite.Forvisitors,Waterton-GlacierParkoffersmanywonderfulthingstoseeanddo.Haveapicnicorgoforahike—orhaveapicniconyourhike—andbereadytotakelotsofpictures.Onthelakes,takeaboattour,gofishingorsimplygoforaswim.Whateveractivitiesyouchoose,amazingviewswillsurroundyou.Forexample,aroadtouranywhereintheparkwillpassthroughwonderfulscenery.Don’tmissthedrivewestwardalongtheGoing-to-the-SunRoad.Youwillneverforgetthegreatviews.AnumberofsmalltownsliewithinWaterton-GlacierParkorclosetoit.Intheseplaces,youcangetabitetoeat,buygiftsorfindaplacetostay.Onemust-seeisthetownofWatertonandPrinceofWalesHotel.Campingintheparkisaverypopularactivity.Ifyoucamp,besuretokeepfoodlockedawayatnight.Otherwise,youmayhaveanunwantedvisitfromabear.WordscannotdescribebeautifulWaterton-GlacierInternationalPeacePark.Youhavetoseeitforyourself!5.WhatisspecialaboutWaterton-GlacierParkcomparedwithotherWorldHeritagesites?A.Itiscoldandsnowyallyearround.B.Itishometomanyendangeredwildlife.C.Ithasplentyofnaturalresources.D.ItincludestwoparksintheUSandCanada.6.WhofirstsuggestedjoiningWatertonLakesNationalParkandGlacierNationalParktogether?A.LocalRotaryClubmembers. B.TheUSgovernment.C.TheCanadagovernment. D.UNESCO.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surround”meaninthefourthparagraph?A.Beallaround. B.Befamiliarto.C.Besuitablefor. D.Berelatedto.8.Whydopeopleinthecampneedtoputawaytheirfoodatnight?A.Townsarefarawayandit’snoteasytobuyfood.B.Therearesomanyvisitorsthatfoodmaynotbeenough.C.Wildanimalswillcometothecampforfood.D.Peoplewanttosavefoodforthewildanimals.Ⅱ.七选五TheDistrictofColumbiaisadestinationfilledwithsitesofhistoricandcurrentimportance.Duringavisit,youcanlearnaboutthestructureofourgovernmentandseemonuments,museumsandmuchmore.1Ifyouhaveenoughtime,itiswellworthittomakeittoasmanyofthemonumentsaspossible.TheplacetostartistheNationalMall.Themallisabeautifulgrassyarealinedwithtreesandsomeofthemonumentshonouringthenation’smostimportantfigures.2

AfterexploringsomeofWashingtonDC’samazingmonuments,thenextstopshouldbetoplanoutavisittosomeoftheSmithsonianInstitution’scomplexofmuseums.Withover19museumsandtheNationalZoologicalPark,it’sunlikelythatyouwillhavethetimetoexploreeachofthesemuseumsonasinglevisit.ThebestwaytoenjoytheSmithsonianInstitutionistoplanoutwhichmuseumsyouaremostinterestedinvisiting.Ifyouareinterestedinculture,theNationalMuseumofAfricanAmericanHistoryandCultureisawonderfulchoice,whereyoucanlearnabouttherichnessanddiversityoftheAfricanAmericanexperience.3ThismuseumoffersamazinginsightsintothehistoryandcultureofmanydifferenttribesofAmericanIndians.

WashingtonDCdoesn’tjusthavemonumentsandmuseums.Therearealsochancestoenjoythegreatoutdoors.4YoucanenjoytheoutdoorsattheConstitutionGardenswithbeautifultrees,andislandandmore.TheNationalArboretumisanotheroutdoordestination.TheKenilworthAquaticGardensandtheUSBotanicalGardensarealsogreatoutdoordestinations.

TheartsandentertainmentinWashingtonDCarealsoanimportantpartofanytriptothecity.5ThehistoricGeorgetownneighbourhoodinWashingtonDCisanexcellentareatoenjoysomeofthecities’bestshopping,dining,entertainmentandmore.

A.WashingtonDCisfilledwithimportantmonuments.B.Youwillfindartgalleries,clubsandfantasticrestaurants.C.Thecityhasmanyparksandplacestowalkandenjoy.D.Theseimportantlandmarksareopenalldayandintotheevening.E.TheDistrictofColumbiaisoneofthegreatdestinationsyoucanvisit.F.YoucanseetheWashingtonMonument,theLincolnMemorialandmanymore.G.AnothermuseumthatyoushouldvisitistheNationalMuseumoftheAmericanIndian.Ⅲ.完形填空Onegirlisbeingpraisedforaletterofapologyshewrotetotherangers(园林管理员)attheNationalParksService(NPS).Shereportedly1arockhome.Inexpressingher2,thegirlalsoreturnedtherocktothepark.LatertheNPSsharedtheletterontheirMetapage.

“DearParkRanger,I3likeTomBranchFalls,”thegirl,namedKarina,beganherletter.“IloveitsomuchthatI4totakeasouvenirhome.”

“SoItookarock.I’m5,andIwanttoreturnit,”shesaid.Theheartfeltletter6withapostscript(附言)of“alsolookattheback”—wherethegirl7apictureofTomBranchFalls.8forKarina,theparkrangerswere9byhersincereapologyandeven10back.

“DearKarina,thankyouforreturningtherock!IthasmadeitswaybacktoTomBranchFalls.Ifevery11tookarockhome,thatwould1211millionrockswouldbegonefromtheparkeveryyear,”theparkofficialswroteintheirMetapost.

“Nowthatyouknowtoleave13thewayyoufindit,wehopeyouwillhelpsharethis14withothers,”theofficialswrote.“Itisalwaysa15thingtogiveothersthechancetodiscoversomethingmeaningful!”

1.A.sentB.tookC.bought D.hid2.A.regret B.sadnessC.happiness D.surprise3.A.partly B.finallyC.especially D.simply4.A.wanted B.fearedC.asked D.agreed5.A.tired B.afraidC.sorry D.upset6.A.changed B.developedC.arrived D.ended7.A.cut B.drewC.hung D.found8.A.Lucky B.NecessaryC.Easy D.Possible9.A.shocked B.excitedC.puzzled D.moved10.A.thought B.wroteC.called D.held11.A.child B.visitorC.farmer D.student12.A.show B.proveC.mean D.explain13.A.life B.timeC.space D.nature14.A.message B.promiseC.excuse D.example15.A.hard B.secretC.strange D.greatⅣ.语法填空Sincethebeginningofthe21stcentury,artificialintelligence(AI)1.(find)itswayindifferentareasintheentertainmentindustry.Disney,whichisoneoftheworld’sleadingentertainment2.(company),hasdecidedtomakeuse3.thetechnologyinitsthemeparks,whererobotcartooncharacterswillsoonwalkamongguests.Disneywillalsomake4.(it)robotsMickyMouseandDonaldDuckcommunicatewithtourists.

“IthinkAIisgoingtobe5.(immense)importantforwhatwedo,”saidJonSnoddy,anofficialoftheentertainmentcompany.“Robotcharactersthatcanmovearoundamongourguestsneedtounderstandwherethey’regoingandknow6.tobehaveinaworldwithhumanbeings.”

However,thecompanyalsoknowssomeofthefearssurroundingAI.“7.(scare)kidswon’tbepartofwhatwedo,”saidMrSnoddy.“Wewillgoanddotestsinourparkstofindoutwhatkidsfind8.(interest)aboutthesethings.Wewillcarryouttests9.(make)suretherobotcharactersmake10.positiveimpressiononkids.”

参考答案UNIT3单元提能强化练Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。为了让奶奶看到生活中更多的东西,瑞恩带着80多岁的奶奶在38个州旅行了超过25000英里,游览了美国29个国家公园,并将其记录在了网上。1.A细节理解题。根据第二段内容和第五段中的“TwoyearslaterIsetupaGoFundMecalledGrandmaJoy’sRoadTripinthespiritofmakingupforthelosttime”可知,瑞恩这么做是为了弥补失去的十年的时间。故选A项。2.D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,乔伊奶奶喜欢旅游和冒险。根据最后一段中的“Youneverknowwhat’sgoingtocomeoutofhermouth,andit’susuallyinteresting.”可知,乔伊奶奶很幽默。故选D项。3.C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Therehavebeendifficultmomentsthatwehadtoworkthrough,butfinallywegottowhereweneededtobe.”可知,他们克服了许多困难。故选C项。4.B主旨大意题。文章第四段中的“Soheinvitedhisgrandmatotravelwithhim.”及倒数第二段“Inthepastfouryears...onInstagram.”可知,文章讲述了瑞恩带着他的奶奶一起去旅游的故事。故选B项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了位于美国和加拿大两国的公园——沃特顿冰川国际和平公园。5.D推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“ItisdifferentfrommostotherWorldHeritagesitesdueto...UnitedStates.”可知,沃特顿冰川公园不同于其他世界遗产,是因为它地处两个国家,结合了两个大型国家公园——加拿大的沃特顿湖国家公园和美国的冰川国家公园。故选D项。6.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Backin1931,localRotaryClubmembershadtheideaofunitingthetwoparks.”可知,当地的扶轮社社员在1931年首先提出将两个公园合并的想法。故选A项。7.A词义猜测题。根据画线词后的举例“Forexample,aroadtouranywhereinthepark...willneverforgetthegreatviews.”可知,在公园里,到处都是美景。由此可以猜测,surround意思为“围绕,包围”。故选A项。8.C细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“Ifyoucamp,besuretokeepfoodlockedawayatnight.Otherwise,youmayhaveanunwantedvisitfromabear.”可知,如果你去露营,晚上一定要把食物收好,因为野生动物会来营地觅食,比如一只熊会不期而至。故选C项。Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。华盛顿哥伦比亚特区是美国的首都,那里有很多的历史人文景观等值得参观。本文介绍了那里的名人纪念碑、博物馆、户外景点以及一些娱乐设施等。1.A此处为本段主题句;根据后一句内容“Ifyouhaveenoughtime,itiswellworthittomakeittoasmanyofthemonumentsaspossible.(如果时间充足还是值得尽量多参观一些纪念碑。)”可知,此处应介绍华盛顿特区有很多纪念碑。故选A项。2.F根据前面的“...someofthemonumentshonouringthenation’smostimportantfigures.”可知,有些纪念碑是为了纪念这个国家的最重要的人物的。这与F项中的华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念堂意义一致。故选F项。3.G根据前面的“Ifyouareinterestedinculture,theNationalMuseumofAfricanAmericanHistoryandCultureisawonderfulchoice,whereyoucanlearnabouttherichnessanddiversityoftheAfricanAmericanexperience.”可知,如果你对文化感兴趣,国家非裔美国人历史文化博物馆是一个很好的选择,在那里你可以了解非裔美国人丰富多彩的经历,这是在为历史文化爱好者推荐历史博物馆。G项承接上文,推荐另一个历史文化博物馆。故选G项。4.C根据上文提示“WashingtonDCdoesn’tjusthavemonumentsandmuseums.Therearealsochancestoenjoythegreatoutdoors.”以及下文提示“YoucanenjoytheoutdoorsattheConstitutionGardenswithbeautifultrees,andislandandmore.”可知,本段介绍了户外参观的地方,由此可知,C项合适。故选C项。5.B根据本段中的关键信息词“Theartsandentertainment”和“shopping,dining,entertainmentandmore”可知,本段介绍了艺术、购物、娱乐及餐饮等。由此可知,B项合适。故选B项。Ⅲ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。一个女孩因为喜欢汤姆布兰奇瀑布,所以从公园带了一块岩石回家,后来感到后悔,归还了岩石,并写信向园林管理员道歉,园林管理员被她感动并给她回信,希望她向更多人传递保护自然景观的信息。1.B根据文章第三段关键句“SoItookarock.”可知,女孩是带了一块岩石回家,故空格处应用“took”。故选B项。2.A根据句中“thegirlalsoreturnedtherocktothepark”可知,女孩把岩石送回了公园,由此可知,她后悔把岩石带回家了,写信表达了自己的后悔。regret后悔;sadness悲伤;happiness幸福;surprise惊讶。故选A项。3.C根据下文“IloveitsomuchthatItotakeasouvenirhome.”和“SoItookarock.”可知,女孩太喜欢汤姆布兰奇瀑布了,以至于她带了一块岩石回家。由此可知,女孩特别喜欢汤姆布兰奇瀑布。故选C项。

4.A根据下文“SoItookarock.”可知,女孩带了一块岩石回家,由此可知,女孩是想要带个纪念品回家,所以带了一块岩石回家。故选A项。5.C根据句中“Iwanttoreturnit”可知,女孩想把岩石还回来,由此可知,她是对自己的行为感到后悔,在信中向园林管理员道歉,“I’msorry”意为“对不起,我很抱歉”。故选C项。6.D根据句中“apostscript”可知,附言应该是放在信末的,故应是以“也看看后面”的附言结尾。“endwith...”意为“以……结束”。故选D项。7.B根据空格后“apictureofTomBranchFalls”可知,女孩应该是在信的后面画了一张汤姆布兰奇瀑布的画。cut切,割;draw画;hang悬挂;find发现。故选B项。8.A结合后文“DearKarina,thankyouforreturningtherock!”可知,园林管理员原谅了卡