考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷63

考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷63

一、阅读理解（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Thedeclineofcivilityandgoodmannersmaybeworryingpeoplemorethancrime,

accordingtoGentilityRecalled,editedbyDigbyAnderson,whichlamentsthe

breakdownoftraditionalcodesthatonceregulatedsocialconduct.Itcriticisesthefact

that"manners*'arescornedasrepressiveandoutdated.Theresult,accordingtoMr.

Anderson-directoroftheSocialAffairsUnit,anindependentthink-tank—isasociety

characterisedbyrudeness:roughbehaviouronthestreets,jostlingincrowds,impolite

shopassistantsandbad-tempereddrivers.Healsosaysthecumulativeeffectofthese一

apparentlytrivial,butoftenoffensive-istomakeeverydaylifeuneasy,unpredictable

andunpleasant.Astheyarcencounteredfarmoreoftenthancrime,theycancausemore

anxietythancrime."Whenpeoplelamentthedisintegrationoflawandorder,"heargues,

"whattheygenerallymeanisorder,asmanifestedbycourteousformsofsocialcontact.

Meanwhile,attemptstore-establishrestraintandself-controlthrough'politicallycorrect'

rulesareartificial."Thebookhascontributionsfrom12academicsindisciplinesranging

frommedicinetosociologyandchartswhatitcallsthe"coarsening"ofBritain.Old-

fashionedtermssuchas"gentleman"and"lady"havelostallmeaningfulresonanceand

needtoberc-cvaluatcd,itsays.RachelTrickett,honoraryfellowandformerprincipalof

St.Hugh'sCollege,Oxford,saysthatthenotionofa"lady"protectswomenratherthan

demeansthem.FeminismanddemandsForequalityhaveblurredthedistinctionsbetween

thesexes,creatingsituationswheremenareabletodominatewomenbecauseoftheir

moreaggressiveandforcefulnatures,shesays."Women,withoutsomecodeofdeference

orrespect,becomeincreasinglyvictims."CarolineMoore,thefirstwomanfellowof

Peterhouse,Cambridge,pointsoutthat"gentleman"isnowusedonlywithironyor

mockery."Thepopularviewofagentlemanispoisedsomewherebetweenthestupid

parasiteandtheevilone.'Shesaid.Shealsoarguesthattheconceptisneitherclass­

boundnorrigid;conventionsofgentlemanlybc-haviourenableamantoactnaturallyas

anindividualwithinsharedassumptionswhiletakinghisplaceinsociety."Politenessis

noconstraint,preciselybecausethemanners...areno'code'butalanguage,rich,flexible,

restrainedandinfinitelysubtle."ForAnthonyO'Hear,professorofphilosophyatthe

UniversityofBradford,mannersarecloselyassociatedwiththedifferentformsof

behaviourappropriatetoageandstatus.Theycurbboththeimpetuosityofyouthandthe

bitternessofoldage.Dr.BruceCharlton,alecturerinpublichealthmedicinein

NewcastleuponTyne,takesissuewiththeexcessiveinformalityofrelationsbetween

professionalssuchasdoctorsandbankmanagers,andtheirclients.Hesaysthishas

damagedthedistanceandrespectnecessaryinsuchrelationships.ForTristam

Engelhardt,professorofmedicineinHouston,Texas,saysmannersareboundtomorals.

"Mannersexpressaparticularsetofvalues,"hesays."Goodmannersinterpretand

transformsocialreality.Theyprovidesocialorientation.11[A]arguesthatmannersare

moresimilartolanguagethantocode.[B]thinkstheambiguousdistinctionsbetween

sexescausewoman'sdisadvantageoussituation.[C]holdsthatthedeclineofcivilityand

goodmannersleadstorudeandoffensivebehaviours.[D]agreesthatthevariedformsof

behaviourarerelatedtoageandsocialstatus.|E|pointsoutthattheword"gentleman"

nowshouldbeusedonlywithironyandmockery.|F|holdsthattheinformalityof

professionals'relationscanbeharmfulifitisexcessive.|G]criticisesthetraditional

mannerswhichoncestrictlyregulatedthesociety.

1、DigbyAnderson

标准答案：C

知识点解析：DigbyAnderson出现在第一、二段，解题句则在第二段。第二段说到

了Anderson的观点——其结果是形成了一个以粗鲁为特征的社会：街道上粗鲁的

行为、拥挤人群中的推操、不礼貌的店员和坏脾气的司机。而造成这一结果的正是

第一段开头提到的礼仪和礼貌的衰落。C复现了原文第一段的thedeclineofcivility

andgoodmanners,而rude是原文rudeness的词性转换，rudeandoffensive

behaviours是对原文提到的几种行为(roughbehaviouronthestreets...bad-

tempereddrivers)的概括，故C为本题答案。

2、RachelTrickett

标准答案：B

知识点解析：RachelTrickett出现在第四段。在该段第二句中，RachelTrickett说，

女权主义和对平等的要求已经模糊了男女性别之间的差异，从而形成了一种男性能

够支配女性的局面，因为男性的本性更有攻击性、更强劲。B中的ambiguous

distinctionsbetweensexes对应文中的blurredthedistinctionsbetweenthesexes,而

woman'sdisadvantageoussituation是对原文situationswheremenareabletodominate

women的概括，故本题选B。

3、CarolineMoore

标准答案：A

知识点解析：CarolineMoore出现在第五段。该段引用CarolineMoore的话：“礼貌

不是约束，正因为礼仪……不是，行为法则'而是一种语言，它丰富、灵活、克

制、奥妙无穷。"CarolineMoore通过“行为法则''和"语言”来说明礼貌礼仪的内涵，

A项表达了CarolineMoore的意思,其中manners>code和language均是文中的原

词复现，故确定A为本题答案。

4、AnthonyO^ear

标准答案：D

知识点解析：Anthony0,Hear出现在文中第六段。该段讲到Anthony(THcar的观

点，即礼貌与符合年龄和社会地位的行为有紧密联系，这些行为有着不同的表现形

式。D中的variedforms是原文differentforms的同义转换，behaviour^age和

socialstatus是文中原词复现，而relatedto则对应文中的appropriateto,故确定D

为本题答案。

5、Dr.BruceCharlton

标准答案：F

知识点解析：Dr.BruceCharllon出现在文中第七段。该段讲到BruceCharllon博士

对专业人员之间太过随意的关系持异议，他说这破坏了这种关系中必要的距离的意

识和尊重的意识。F项的infonnality、relations和professionals均为文中原词复现，

harmful是对文中hasdamagedthe...insuchrelationships的概括，故F为本题答案。

Airlineallianceshavetravellersscratchingtheirheadsoverwhat'sgoingonintheskies.

Somefolksviewalliancesasablessingtotravellers,offeringseamlesstravel,reduced

faresandenhancedfrequent-flyerbenefits.Othersseeaconspiracyofbigbusinesses,

causingdecreasedcompetition,increasedfaresandfewerchoices.Whateveryour

opinion,there'snoescapingairlinealliances:themarketingpropagandaisunrelenting,

witheachofthetwomega-groupings,OneworldandStarAlliance,promotingitselfas

thebestchoiceforalltravellers.Arealliancesgoodforthepassenger?Absolutely,say

theairlines:thinkofthelounges,thejointFFP(frequent11yerprogramme)benefits,the

round-the-worldfares,andtheglobalservicenetworks.Thenthere'sthepromiseof

"seamless1'travel:theabilityto,say,travelfromSingaporetoRometoNewYorktoRio

deJaniero,allononeticket,withouthavingtowaithoursforconnectionsorworryabout

yourbags.PeterBuecking,CathayPacific'sdirectorofsalesandmarketing,thinksthat

seamlesstravelisstillevolving."It'sfairtosaythattheselinksarconlyintheirinfancy.

Thekeytoseamlessnessrestsininfrastructureandinformationsharing.We'reworking

onthis.'1HenryMa,spokespersonforStarAllianceinHongKong,listssomeoftheother

benefitsforconsumers,"Globaltravellershaveaneasiertimemakingconnectionsand

planningtheirjourneys."Maclaimsalliancesalsoassurepassengersconsistentservice

standards.Criticsofalliancessaythemuch-toutedbenefitstotheconsumeraremostly

pieinthesky,thatalliancesareallaboutreducingcostsfortheairlines,rationalizing

servicesandrunningjointmarketingprogrammes.JeffBlyskal,associateeditorof

ConsumerReportsmagazine,saysthepromotionaladvertisingoveralliances,loudand

insistent,ismuchbusyactivityaboutnothing."Idon'tseemuchofagainforconsumers:

alliancesarejustamarketingtrick.Andasfarasseamlesstravelgoes,I'llbelieveitwhen

Iseeit.Mostairlinescan'tevengettheirownconnectionsundercontrol,letalone

coordinatewithanotherairline."Blyskalbelievesallianceswillultimatelyresultin

decreasedflightchoicesandincreasedcostsforconsumers.InsteadofIwuairlines

competingandeachoperatingaflightonthesamerouteat70%capacity,thealliedpair

willsharetherouteandrunonefullflight.Sincefewerseatswillbeavailable,passengers

willbeobligedtopaymorefortickets.Thosewho'vcalreadymadetheelitegradeinthe

FFPofamajorairlinestandtobenefitthemostwhenitjoinsanalliance:thentheyenjoy

theFFPperksandadvantagesonanyandallofthemembercarriers.Forexample,if

you'reaMarcoPoloClub"gold"memberofCathayPacific'sAsiaMilesFFP,youwill

automaticallybetreatedasavaluablecustomerbyallmembersofOneworld,ofwhich

CathayPacificisamember-evenifyou'veneverflownwiththembefore.Forthosewho

haven'tmadethetopgradeinanyFFP,alliancesmightbeawayofsimplifyingthe

earningoffrequentflyermiles.Andforinfrequentflyers,theonlyrealbenefitdrawn

fromanallianceisaninexpensiveround-the-worldfare.|A]believesthateventually

passengerswillpaymoreforfaresduetoairlinealliances.|B|pointsoutthatseamless

travelisevolvingfarawayfromitsearlystage.[C]emphasizesthatbasicsystemsand

servicesarecrucialtoseamlessnessrests.[D]valuesMarcoPoloClub"gold"memberof

itsAsiaMilesFreeFlyerProgramme.[E]claimsthatairlineallianceshelptravellers

arrangetheirjourneyseasier.[F]propagatesthattheserviceitoffersisthebestoneforall

travellers.[G]holdsthatpassengersgetnobenefitfromairlinealliances.

6、StarAlliance

标准答案：F

知识点解析：StarAlliance出现在原文第一段和第二段，解题句则在第一段。该段

最后一句说，Oneworld和StarAlliance两大航空联盟的市场宣传势头不减，各自都

宣称自己是所有乘客的最佳选择。F项中的propagates是原文promoting的同义转

换，theservice…isthebestone对应文中的thebestchoice,故确定F为本题答突。

7、PeterDuecking

标准答案：C」

知识点解析：PeterBuecking出现在第二段第四至第五句，此处讲到PeterBnecking

对seamlesstravel（无旅游）的看法，他认为基础设施和信息共享是提供无缝旅游服务

的关键。C中的basicsystemsandservices是对原文infrastructure的解释，crucial是

文中key的同义转换，seamlessnessrests是文章的原词复现，故确定C为本题答

案。

8、HenryMa

标准答案：E

知识点解析：HenryMa出现在文中的第二段末，该段说到HenryMa列出一些顾客

能从航空联盟得到的好处：环球旅行者在转机和安排旅程时会更加轻松。E中的

arrangetheirjourneys是对原文planningtheirjourneys的同义转述，easier是文中原

词复现，故确定E为答案。

9、JeffBlyskal

标准答案：A

知识点解析：JeffBlyskal出现在第三段和第四段，解题句在第四段。该段中，Jeff

Blyskal提到，航空联盟最终会导致可选择的航班数量减少，并使消费者费用增

加。由十航班的总座位数减少，旅客不得不花更多的钱买机票。A中的paymore

forfares是原文中paymorefortickets的同义表达，passengers是文中原词复现，故

确定A为答案。

10、CathayPacific

标准答案：D

知识点解析：CathayPacific出现在第二段和第五段，解题句在第五段。该段说

到，如果你是国泰航空公司亚洲里程常客计划马可・波罗俱乐部的“金卡”会员，那

么你就会自动地被Oneworld联盟的所有成员公司（国泰公司是成员公司之一）视为

有价值的乘客。D中的MarcoPoloClub、"gold"mcmbcr和AsiaMilesFreeFlyer

Programme都是文中的原词复现，故确定D为本题答案。

Thesix-laneswimmingpoolinHarryS.TrumanHighSchoolintheBronxhasbeendry

formorethanadecade.WithintheNewYorkCitypublicschoolsystem,though,the

troubledTrumanpoolrepresentsatrend.Ofthe50swimmingpoolstuckedinsidethe

city's1,200schoolbuildings,10areinunusablecondition.Fortheswimmingenthusiasts

ofthecitypublicschoolsystem,theemptyschoolpoolsareasadspectacle,hollow

symbolsoflostopportunities:tocombatobesity;toprovidesummerjobtraininginacity

thathashadtoimportlifeguardsfromEuropeinrecentyears;tolurethatsubsetof

studentswhojustmaylovethewatereveniftheyhateeverythingelseabouthighschool.

"Swimmingkindofputsyouinadifferentframeofmind—there'snoiseandlaughter,

peoplefeelingfreeandweightless,"saidSanaQ.Nasser,theprincipalofTruman."Here

wehaveapoolthatneedsalittlebittogetitgoing,andtoseeitemptyisheart­

wrenching."ThelatestversionofMayorMichaelR.Bloomberg's$13.1billion,five-year

educationalcapitalplan,tobeannouncedinthecomingweeks,willinclude$60million

fbrupgradestoadozenschoolpools,including$7millionlorTruman,$5millionlor

Waltonand$4millionforKing,saidStevenW.Lawitts,seniorvicepresidentofthe

SchoolConstructionAuthority."Thesepoolsaregoingtobefixed,"Mr.Lawittssaid.

Buttheschoolsystem'scapitalplanshavehistoricallycalledforprojectsthatneverend

uphappening,amongthemtheplannedrenovationofoneoftwopoolsattheGeorge

WashingtonHighSchoolcampus,inWashingtonHeights."Iwouldloveittobethecase

thatkidscouldswimnextyearatTrumanHighSchool,"saidEvaS.Moskowitz,

chairwomanoftheCityCouncilEducationCommittee,whosefatherswamonthe

StuyvesantHighSchoolteam."Peopleshouldnotbefooledthatsimplybecausethepool

repairisinthecapitalbudgetitwillhappen."OntheWestSideofManhattan,thealleged

existenceofapoolatMartinLutherKingJr.HighSchoolwassuchamysterythatit

inspiredanarticleinTheAdvocate,astudentnewspaperoncampus.Appearingunderthe

headline"UnlockingMLK'sSecrets,"thearticlewasaccompaniedbyaphotograph

showingoldfurnitureandatelevisionsetstackednexttotheemptypool.Atother

schools,thesituationisreversed."Theseniorswouldalwaystellthefreshmentheycould

gofindthepoolonthefifthfloor/saidAdamKerzner.aBronxScienceswimmerwho

graduatedfromtheschool—whichhasnofifthfloor—in1997."Itwaskindoflikea

hazingthing."SwimteamsrepresentingalleightStatenIslandhighschoolscompetefor

practicetimeatCurtisHighSchool,theborough'sonlypublicschoolwithapool."It's

hectic,"saidJimMeraglia,Curtis'sathleticdirector.[A]madethefive-yeareducational

capitalplanwithMichaelR.Bloomberg.[BJindicatedthatonlyoneswimmingpoolwas

notenoughfbrswimteams'practice.|C]saidtheMayorwasgoingtoannouncehis

educationalcapitalplaninweeks.|D]toldhisschoolmalesthattheswimmingpoolwas

onthefifthfloor.[E]thoughtswimmingcouldhelppeoplerelaxtheirmindinadifferent

mood.[F]remindedpeoplethatthecapitalbudgetdidn'tpromisearealexecutionofpool

repair.[G]expressedhisconfusionabouthisschool'sswimmingpool.

11、SanaQ.Nasser

标准答案：E

知识点解析:SanaQ.Nasser出现第二段倒数第二句。该句提到SanaQ.Nasser对

游泳的看法，他认为“游泳可以带给你不同的心境——游泳池里人们尽情喧闹玩

笑，让人感到特别的轻松自在”。E项中的mood是原文frameofmind的同义表

达，relaxtheirmind是对文中feelingfreeandweightless的概括，故确定E为本题答

案。

12、StevenW.Lawitts

标准答案：C

知识点解析：StevenW.Lawitts出现在第三段。该段提到了StevenW.Lawins说

到的一个消息，即市长将在未来几周内宣布五年教育资金计划。C项是该处内容的

同义转述，其中announce和educationalcapitalplan均为原词复现，故确定C项为

本题答案。

13>EvaS.Moskowitz

标准答案：F

知识点解析：EvaS.Moskowitz出现在第四段。该段最后一句讲到Eva

S.Moskowitz对教育资金预算的看法——,、不应该仅仅因为游泳池维修在资金预算

中，就愚弄人们一定会兑现。“言下之意就是即使政府有修缮泳池的资金预算，也

不能保证游泳池维修得到落实。F项是EvaS.Moskowitz这句话的同义转述，其

中poolrepair和capitalbuttget是文中的原词复现，故确定F为本题答案。

14、AdamKerzner

标准答案：G

知识点解析：AdamKerzner出现在最后一段。该段第四、第五句提到从Bronx

Science毕业的AdamKerzner对该校游泳池的看法，他说到“这有点像谜团一

样v”G项中的confusion转述了原文的ahazingthing,故确定G为木题答案0

15、JimMeraglia

标准答案：B

知识点解析：JimMeraglia出现在最后一段末尾。该段最后两句提到，代表史坦顿

岛八所中学的各个游泳弋表队会在柯蒂斯高中争抢训练时间，而柯蒂斯高中是这个

自治市唯一一所有游泳池的公立学校。对于这个事实，JimMeraglia简短评价了“场

地很紧张”。可以看出，其言下之意是一个游泳池是不够用的，B项表达了Jim

Meraglia的意思，故确定B为本题答案。

lea,thatmosttypicalofEnglishdrinks,isarelativelatecomertoBritishshores.

AlthoughthecustomofdrinkingteadatesbacktothethirdmillenniumBCinChina,it

wasnotuntilthemidI7lhcenturythatthebeveragefirstappearedinEngland.Curiously,

itwastheLondoncoffeehousesthatwereresponsibleforintroducingteatoEngland.

OneofthefirstcoffeehousemerchantstoofferteawasThomasGarway,whoownedan

establishmentinExchangeAlley.Hesoldbothliquidanddryteatothepublicasearlyas

1657.Threeyearslaterheissuedabroadsheetadvertisingteaat£6and£10perpound,

trumpetingitsvirtuesat"makingthebodyactiveandvigorous",and"preservingperfect

healthuntilextremeoldage".Teagainedpopularityquicklyinthecoffeehouses,andby

1700over500coffeehousessoldit.Thisdistressedtherestaurantowners,asteacuttheir

salesofaleandgin,anditwasbadnewsforthegoveninienl,whodependedupona

steadystreamofrevenuefromtaxesonliquorsales.CharlesIIdidhisbittocounterthe

growthoftea,withseveralactsforbiddingitssaleinprivatehouses.Thismeasurewas

designedtocounterrebels,butitwassounpopularthatitwasimpossibletoenforce.A

1676acttaxedteaandrequiredcoffeehouseoperatorstoapplyforalicense.Bythemid

18thcenturythedutyonteahadreachedanabsurd119%.Thisheavytaxationhadthe

effectofcreatingawholenewindustry—teasmuggling.ShipsfromHollandand

ScandinaviabroughtteatotheBritishcoast,thenstoodoffshorewhilesmugglersmet

themandunloadedthepreciouscargoinsmallvessels.Thesmugglers,oftenlocal

fishermen,snucktheteainlandthroughundergroundpassagesandhiddenpathsto

specialhidingplaces.Evensmuggledteawasexpensive,however,andtherefore

extremelyprofitable,somanysmugglersbegantoadulteratetheteawithother

substances,suchaswillow,licorice,andsloeleaves.In1784WilliamPitttheYounger

introducedtheCommutationAct,whichdroppedthetaxonteafrom119%to12.5%,

effectivelyendingsmuggling.Adulterationremainedaproblem,though,untiltheFood

andDrugActof1875broughtinseverepenaltiesfbrthepractice.Intheearly1800's

shipscarryingteafromtheFarEasttoBritaincouldtakeoverayeartobringhometheir

preciouscargo.WhentheEastIndiaCompanywasgivenamonopolyontheteatradein

1832,theyrealizedtheneedtocutthetimeofthisjourney.TheAmericansactually

designedthefirst"clippers”,orstreamlined,tallvessels,buttheBritishwereclose

behind.Theseclippersspedalongatnearly18knotsbycontemporaryaccounts—nearly

asfastasamodernoceanliner.Afternoonteaissaidtohaveoriginatedwithoneperson:

Anna,7thDuchessofBedford.Intheearly1800'sshelaunchedthe