高中英语选择性必修一Unit 5 Reading and Thinking 课文填空和中英文翻译

Unit5|ReadingandThinking第一部分：课文语法填空YuanLongping,1.________________(know)asthe“fatherofhybridrice”,isoneofChina’smostfamousscientists.Yet,heconsidershimselfafarmerbecausehe2_______________(continual)worksthelandinhisresearch.Indeed,hisslim3_______________strongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,to_____4_______hehasdevotedhislife.YuanLongpingwasbornin1930inBeijing.Hisparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinscienceormedicine.However,5______________concernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaserious6____________(short)offoodtoeat.Totacklethiscrisis,hechosetostudyagricultureandreceivedaneducationatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqing.After7________________(graduate)in1953,heworked8___________aresearcher.YuanLongpingrealisedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution.9_________________,farmersneededtoboostyieldsinthefieldstheyhad.Howthis,couldbedonewasachallengingquestionatthetime.Yuan10_______________(convince)thattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.Ahybridisacrossbetweentwoormorevarietiesofaspecies.Onecharacteristicofhybridsis11______________theyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.However,12___________itwaspossibletodevelopahybridofself-pollinatingplantssuchasricewasamatterofgreatdebate.Thecommon13_______________(assume)thenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.Today,it______14__________(estimate)thatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.Yuan’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam.Becauseofhisinvaluable15________________(contribute),YuanLongpinghasreceivednumerousawardsbothinChinaandabroad.GiventhatYuan’shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.However,thisisfarfromthecase.Deepdown,Yuanisstillverymuchafarmeratheart.Asamanofthesoil,hecareslittleforcelebrityormoney.Instead,hemakeslargedonationstosupportagriculturalresearch.16______________impressespeoplemostaboutYuanLongpingishisongoingabilitytofulfillhisdreams.Longago,heenvisionedriceplantsastallassorghum,witheachearofriceasbigasabroom,andeachgrainofriceashugeasapeanut.Hesucceededinproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeopleathomeandabroad.Hislatestvisionfor“seawaterrice”hasalsobecomeareality,andpotentiallyopenedupnearlyonemillionsquarekilometresofsaltylandinChinaforriceproduction.17_________________hisadvancedyears,YuanLongpingisstillyoungatheartandfullofvision,andeveryoneiswaitingtoseewhathewilldreamupnext.1.________________2__________________3_________________4__________________5______________6___________7_____________8___________9______________10-____________11_______________12________________________13______________14_____________15___________16______________17_________答案knowncontinuallybutwhomwhatshortagegraduatingasInsteadwasconvincedthatwhetherassumptionisestimatedcontributionsWhatDespite第二部分：APIONEERFORALLPEOPLE造福全人类的先驱者YuanLongping,knownasthe“fatherofhybridrice”,isoneofChina’smostfamousscientists.Yet,heconsidershimselfafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworksthelandinhisresearch.Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhehasdevotedhislife.袁隆平，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著名的科学家之一。然而，他认为自己是个农民，因为他不断地在田间耕作，进行科学研究。确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。YuanLongpingwasbornin1930inBeijing.Hisparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinscienceormedicine.However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.Totacklethiscrisis,hechosetostudyagricultureandreceivedaneducationatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqing.袁隆平1930年出生于北京。他的父母希望他从事科学或医学方面的工作。然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。为了应对这一危机，他选择了学习农业，并在重庆的西南农学院接受教育。Aftergraduatingin1953,heworkedasaresearcher.YuanLongpingrealisedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution.Instead,farmersneededtoboostyieldsinthefieldstheyhad.Howthis,couldbedonewasachallengingquestionatthetime.Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.Ahybridisacrossbetweentwoormorevarietiesofaspecies.Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.However,whetheritwaspossibletodevelopahybridofself-pollinatingplantssuchasricewasamatterofgreatdebate.Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.1953年毕业后，他从事研究工作。袁隆平意识到，解决问题的办法并不是扩大农田面积，而是农民们需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。如何做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。袁隆平坚信，可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到答案。杂交植物是一个物种的两个或多个变种之间的杂交。杂交作物的一个特点是它们的产量通常比常规作物高。然而，是否有可能培育出如水稻等自花授粉植物的杂交种，这是一个充满争议的问题。人们普遍认为这是不可能做到的。通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术难题，于1974年研制出了第一批可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。这种杂交植物使农民能够大幅度增加他们的水稻产量。Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.Yuan’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam.Becauseofhisinvaluablecontributions,YuanLongpinghasreceivednumerousawardsbothinChinaandabroad.据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国，也养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家，如印度和越南。因为他做出了不可估量的贡献。袁隆平在国内外获得了无数奖项。GiventhatYuan’shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.However,thisisfarfromthecase.Deepdown,Yuanisstillverymuchafarmeratheart.Asamanofthesoil,hecareslittleforcelebrityormoney.Instead,hemakeslargedonationstosupportagriculturalresearch.考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。然而，事实远非如此。实际上，袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。作为一个土生土长的人，他不太在乎名利。相反，他大量捐款支持农业科学研究。WhatimpressespeoplemostaboutYuanLongpingishisongoingabilitytofulfillhisdreams.Longago,heenvisionedriceplantsastallassorghum,witheachearofriceasbigasabroom,andeachgrainofriceashugeasapeanut.Hesucceededinproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeopleathomeandabroad.Hislatestvisionfor“seawaterrice”hasalsobecomeareality,andpotentiallyopenedupnearlyonemillionsquarekilometresofsaltylandinChinaforriceproduction.Despitehisadvancedyears,YuanLongpingisstillyoungatheartandfullofvision,andeveryoneiswaitingtoseewhathewilldreamupnext.袁隆平给人印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。很久以前，他设想水稻高至高粱，稻穗大如扫帚，而每粒稻谷大如花生。他成功地种植出一种可以养活国内外更多人口的水稻。他对“海水稻”的最新设想也已成为现实，并可能在中国开辟近100万平方公里的盐碱地，用于水稻生产。尽管年事已高，袁隆平的内心仍然年轻，富有远见，每个人都在等着看他下一步的梦想。UNIT5单元提能强化练Ⅰ.阅读理解AWorldFoodDayfallsonOctober16inmemoryofthedaywhentheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)oftheUNwasformed.Theeventsofthedayusuallyfocusonreducing,orrather,removinghungerfromtheEarth.Farmersandgovernmentofficialsareoftengiventipsonhowtogetridofhungerwithbettereffect.WorldFoodDaywascreatedbyFAOmembercountriesinNovember1979.Itwasduringtheir20thGeneralConferencethattheobservance(庆祝)ofWorldFoodDaywasdecided.Itwasnotobserveduntil1981whenthespecificdatewasdetermined.PalRomany,thethenHungary’sMinisterofAgricultureandFood,playedanimportantroleinthefoundingofWorldFoodDayduringthe20thGeneralConference.Peopleattheconferencewelcomedtheidea.WorldFoodDayisnotonlycelebratedbyFAOandtheUnitedNations,butseveralotherorganizationsconcernedwithfoodsecurity,hungerreduction,consumptionofbalanceddietandhealthalsotakepartinthecelebration.Ontheday,whichisusuallyobservedinmorethan150countriesintheworld,anumberofactivitieslikemarathons,concerts,agriculturalinventions,andculturalexhibitionsandshowsareusuallyorganized.EachyearhasitsownthemetocelebrateWorldFoodDay.Thethemesarealwaysrelatedtofoodproduction,availability,andconsumption.Thethemesarealwayssetsothatthepubliccancomeupwithsuggestionsthatareeffectiveindealingwithhunger,poverty,andfamine.Infact,mostthemesareagriculturerelatedbecauseagricultureisthechiefsourceoffood.WorldFoodDayhopestohelppeoplesolveissuesconcerninghungerandfamine.Itismeanttohelpfarmersattainskillsthatwouldhelpachievefoodsecurity.Itisalsosetasidetoencouragethegovernmenttothinkofwaytokeepfoodsecurity.1.WhathaveyougottoknowaboutWorldFoodDay?A.Itscelebrationshavethesamethemerelevanttoagriculture.B.Ithasbeencelebratedacrosstheglobeeversinceitwascreated.C.Itismeanttomakepeoplerealizetheimportanceoffoodsecurity.D.Itiscelebratedtorememberoneoftheformercrucialministers.2.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?A.Foodshortageisaworldwideissue.B.Creativityisessentialtoagriculture.C.Thehungerproblemhasreduced.D.WorldFoodDayiswell-received.3.Whatcanbethemostsuitabletitleforthearticle?A.WorldFoodDayB.WhytoAdvocateAgricultureC.WorldFoodDayHistoryD.HowtoSolveHungerIssuesBManystrawberryfarmersprefertoremovenaturalhabitataroundtheirfarmstokeepwildbirds,andanybacteriatheycarry,awayfromtheirfieldsandcrops.Howeveranewstudypublishedin2022showsthatfarmswithsurroundingnaturalhabitatexperiencethemostbenefitsfrombirds,includinglesscropdamageandlowerfood-safetyrisks.Thestudywasconductedat21strawberryfieldsalongCalifornia’sCentralCoast.Itfoundthatbirdsweremorelikelytocarrybacteriaandeatberrieswithoutsurroundingnaturalhabitat.Forthestudy,scientistslookedattheanalysisof1,000fecal(排泄物的)samplesfrom55birdspecies,combinedwithdatafrommorethan300birdsurveys.Theyusedtheinformationtofigureoutwhateachbirdwaseating—beitpests,beneficialinsectsorcrops—aswellaswhichbirdswerecarryingbacteria.Thescientiststhenrankedwildbirdstoseewhichweremorelikelytobringmostbenefitsorcoststofarmlands.Barnswallowswererankedbeneficialtofarmland.Buttheresultsweremorethancreatingalistof“good”and“bad”birds.Thestudyfoundthatmostbirdspeciesbroughtbothcostsandbenefitstofarms,dependingonhowthesurroundinglandwasmanaged.Thepresenceofnaturalhabitatwasthesinglemostimportantfactordifferentiatingafarmwherewildbirdsbroughtmorebenefitsthanharm.Farmswithsurroundingnaturalhabitatforbirdssawlessdamageandfewerbacteriaproblemsthanothers.ThestudywaspartofaseriesofresearchconductedinDanielKarp’slabatUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,allfocusingontheimpactandimportanceofmaintainingnaturalhabitatforwildlifesurroundingfarmland.Arelatedstudyin2020alsofoundthatfarmswithnaturalhabitatattractedmoreinsect-eatingbirdsandfewerstrawberry-eatingbirdssothatfarmersexperiencelessberrydamageonfarmswithmorehabitatnearby.4.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudyin2022?A.Wildbirdsinfarmsdecreasefood-safetyrisks.B.Naturalhabitatnearfarmsreducescropdamage.C.Birdsinnaturalhabitatcarrymorebacteriatofarms.D.Farmsneighbouringnaturalhabitatbenefitmostfrombirds.5.Whichofthefollowingwasaresearchstepinthestudy?A.Analyzing55birdspecies.B.Conducting300birdsurveys.C.Findingoutwhatwildbirdseat.D.Rankingbirdsaccordingtohowtheyeat.6.Whatdeterminedtheimpactthatbirdsbroughttofarms?A.Presenceofneighbouringfarmlands.B.Managementofthesurroundingland.C.Locationofnaturalhabitatforwildlife.D.Speciesofwildbirdsthatlivednearfarms.7.Whyisarelatedstudyin2020mentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Todrawaconclusion.B.Tomakeacomparison.C.Tosupporttheresearchfinding.D.Togivebackgroundinformation.Ⅱ.七选五Italyisshapedlikeaboot.AncientRomewasoneoftheworld’smostpowerfulempiresmorethan2,000yearsago.TheRomans’ideasaboutroads,laws,governmentandbuildingsstillinfluenceustoday.TheColosseuminRomewasbuiltduringthetimeoftheRomanEmpire,inthefirstcentury.1,whowenttoseefightsbetweenanimalsandpeople.Itisapopulartouristattractiontoday.

Italyiswell-knownforitsdesigners,whocreatecars,handbags,clothes,shoesandotheritemsthatareindemandfortheirstyleandfineworkmanship.Today,theeconomyofItalyisstrongerthaninthepast.2.Today,manufacturingandtourismarethemainsourcesofincome.Therearesomebigcompanies,butItalyhasmanysmallercompanies,too.

Thenorthernpartofthecountryisthemainmanufacturingcenter.Thesouthernpartdoesnotofferasmanymanufacturingjobs,soitisnotasprosperous.3,agroupofcountriesthatjointogetherforbettertrade.Thecurrency,ormoneytheyuseiscalledthe“euro”.

FoodandeatinggoodmealsareimportanttoItalians.Popularfoodsincludepasta,risotto,minestroneandpizza.4.Manyfamiliesstilleattheirmainmealinthemiddleoftheday.5.Familiesspendalotoftimetogether.

A.ItalyisamemberoftheEuropeanUnionB.Itcouldseatabout50,000peopleC.ItalyhasseveralislandsoffthecoastD.McDonald’sisalsopopularthereE.ThecountryusedtodependonagricultureF.MountainscoveraboutthreefourthsofthecountryG.ThefamilyisveryimportanttotheItalianwayoflifeⅢ.完形填空AccordingtotheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture,morethan12millionhouseholds1enoughfoodforeveryoneintheirfamilyatsometimeduringtheyear—including2.Hungerissurprisinglywidespreadinourcountry—oneoftheworld’swealthiest—yetthegovernmentestimatesthatwewastealmost100billionpoundsoffoodeachyear,morethanone-quarterofourtotalsupply.

Reducingthisimproperdistributionof3isagoalofAmerica’sSecondHarvest,thenation’slargestdomestichunger-relieforganization.Lastyear,it4nearly2billionpoundsoffoodtomorethan23millionpeopleinneed.America’sSecondHarvestisanetworkof214inter-connectedfoodbanksandotherorganizationsthat5foodfromgrowers,processors,grocerystoresandrestaurants.6,thenetworkdistributesfoodtosome50,000soupkitchens(施食处),homeless7andoldpeople’scentersineverycountyofeverystate.

Agreatdealofworkisinvolvedindistributingtonsoffoodfromthousandsof8tothousandsofnon-profitorganizations.Untilafewyearsago,America’sSecondHarvestlackedany9waytomanagetheirinventory(存货).Withoutaccurateandtimelyinformation,soupkitchensweresometimesemptywhilefoodwasleftto10inloadingplaces.

In2000,America’sSecondHarvestbegantouseanewinventoryandfinancial-managementsystem—Ceres.Itisa11designedspecificallyforhunger-reliefoperations.Itisusedbymorethan100America’sSecondHarvestorganizationsto12foodfromdonationtodistribution.Cereshashelped13thespoilingoffoodandimprovedistribution.Anevaluationfoundthatthesoftwarestreamlined(精简)foodbanks’operationsby23percentinthefirstyearalone.

Withmoreaccurateandtimelyreports,Ceressavestime,freesstaffmemberstofocusonfindingnewdonors,and14moreefficientuseofdonations.

HungerinAmericaremainsa(n)15socialproblem.Technologyalonecannotsolveit.ButinthehandsoforganizationssuchasAmerica’sSecondHarvest,itisapowerfultoolthatishelpingtomakeadifference—andhelpingmoreAmericanstojoininthefeast.

1.A.serveB.lackC.reserve D.order2.A.workdays B.birthdaysC.holidays D.paydays3.A.resources B.incomesC.missions D.services4.A.exposed B.introducedC.distributed D.addicted5.A.harvest B.prepareC.recommend D.gather6.A.Forexample B.IncontrastC.Aboveall D.Inturn7.A.backyards B.sheltersC.garages D.cabins8.A.donors B.survivorsC.farmers D.victims9.A.innovative B.impressiveC.effective D.productive10.A.grow B.recycleC.spoil D.stir11.A.theory B.actionC.remedy D.software12.A.advertise B.relieveC.track D.migrate13.A.produce B.reduceC.shift D.simplify14.A.promises B.ceasesC.admits D.locates15.A.troubling B.demandingC.touching D.imposingⅣ.语法填空ChaganislocatedintheQianguocounty,NortheastChina’sJilinProvince.Everyyear,fishermenstrugglewiththefreezingcoldweather,bitingwindsanddeepsnowtosearchforanunderwaterfortuneatChagan,1.freshwaterlakeinthecountry.ThelakeistheonlyplaceinChina,2.youcanstillfindfishermenusinganancientfishingmethod.

Thelakenearly3.(dry)upinthe1970s,andthereforefishermenwereforcedtogiveuptheirannualfishingtraditionandtakeonothertoughjobsforsurvival.However,overthepastdecades,theseproblemshavebeensolvedthroughprojectsthathaveallowedenvironmental4.(protect),agricultureandtourismtodevelopatthesametime.In2013,Jilinstartedariver-lakeconnectionproject,5.(link)Chagantosurroundinglakesandrivers,makingthelake’swatereven6.(clean).Inparticular,theconstructionofatownwitheco-friendlytourism7.(help)developmentsofar.Thetownoffersaccommodations,dining,sightseeingandotherbusinessesthathaveincreasedlocalincomesandmade8.moreconvenientforpeopletovisittheareathanbefore.Farmsandtourismprojectsthatwere9.(previous)affectingtheenvironmenthavebeenremovedorrelocated.Allofthiswasachieved10.harmingthelakeortheanimalandplantlife.

Ⅴ.读后续写Thereisafarmnotfarfromthecoastline.ItbelongstoamancalledTom.Tomcouldn’tdoeverythingbyhimselfonthefarm.Thus,heneededtohireonemantohelphimrunthefarm.However,nooneworkedonhisfarmforlongbecausetheworkwastootiring.Sincethefarmisnearthesea,thereareoftenstormsfromtheseathatstrikehisfarm.Whenastormcomes,Tomandthemanhehiredhavetogetupquicklyandtrytoreducethelossescausedbythestorm.Therefore,noonelikedworkingthere.Tomhadtolookforpeopletoworkforhimallthetime.Oneday,amancalledHenryreadtheposterthatTomhadputupandthencametohisfarm.“Sir,Icanworkforyou,”saidHenry.TomlookedatHenry.Thisyoungmanwasneitherstrongnortall.“Areyousure?”askedTom.“Yes,sir.Icandotheworkwell.Butyoumustpaymetwicewhatyoupaidothersbefore,”saidthatyoungman.Tomwassurprised.Hedidn’treallybelievesuchamancoulddotheworkwell.Butitwasreallyhardforhimtofindsomeoneelsetoworkforhim.Atlast,hedecidedtogiveHenryatry.However,beforehiringhim,hesaid,“Canyoureallybeagoodhelper?Theworkonthefarmishardandtiring.Andthereareoftenstorms.”Henrysmiledandsaid,“Don’tworry.Icanbeagoodhelper.You’llsee.Stormswon’tbeaproblem.Theywon’tevendisturboursleep.Wecansleepwellevenonstormynights.”AndthenHenrystayedonthefarm.ToTom’sjoy,Henryworkedhardanddidhisworkwell.Itwasobviousthathehadn’tlied.However,onenight,therewasabigstorm.Tomwaswokenupbythestrongwind.Hewasworriedthatthestormwouldcausegreatlossesforhisfarm.Andhesawhishelpernowhere.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式作答。TomthoughtHenrymuststillbesleeping.

Tomthoughthehadhiredthewrongman.

参考答案UNIT5单元提能强化练Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界粮食日的成立时间、庆祝世界粮食日的活动形式及影响或意义。1.C细节理解题。根据最后一段“WorldFoodDayhopesto...tokeepfoodsecurity.”可知,世界粮食日是为了让人们认识到粮食安全的重要性。故选C项。2.D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Ontheday,whichisusuallyobservedinmorethan150countries...areusuallyorganized.”可知,世界粮食日广受欢迎。故选D项。3.A主旨大意题。根据文章大意,文章主要讲述了世界粮食日的成立时间和目的、庆祝世界粮食日的活动形式及影响或意义等。文章每段都涉及WorldFoodDay(世界粮食日)相关话题,尤其是第一段和最后一段。由此可知,WorldFoodDay最适合作文章标题。故选A项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。2022年发布的一项新研究表明,周围有自然栖息地的农场从鸟类那里获得的好处最多,包括作物损害更少,食品安全风险更低。4.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Howeveranewstudypublishedin2022showsthatfarmswithsurroundingnaturalhabitatexperiencethemostbenefitsfrombirds,includinglesscropdamageandlowerfood-safetyrisks.”可知,2022年发布的一项新研究发现,邻近自然栖息地的农场从鸟类中受益最多。故选D项。5.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Forthestudy...werecarryingbacteria.”可知,确定野生鸟类吃什么是这项研究的一个步骤。故选C项。6.B推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Thestudyfoundthat...fewerbacteriaproblemsthanothers.”可知,周围土地的管理决定了鸟类对农场的影响。故选B项。7.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“allfocusingontheimpactandimportance...fewerstrawberry-eatingbirds”可知,最后一段提到2020年的一项相关研究是为了支持研究结果。故选C项。Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了意大利的风土人情。1.B根据空后的定语从句“whowenttoseefightsbetweenanimalsandpeople”可知,从句的先行词为人,故B项“它可以容纳大约50000人”切题。故选B项。2.E由上文“Today,theeconomyofItalyisstrongerthaninthepast.”及下文“Today,manufacturingandtourismarethemainsourcesofincome.”可知,中间陈述的是过去这个国家的经济形态。故E项“过去这个国家是以农业为基础的”符合语境。故选E项。3.A由空后的“agroupofcountriesthatjointogetherforbettertrade”可知,空后的部分是对A项中的“theEuropeanUnion(欧盟)”进行解释,故选A项。4.D由上文“FoodandeatinggoodmealsareimportanttoItalians.Popularfoodsincludepasta,risotto,minestroneandpizza.”可知,这段主要在介绍饮食,故D项“麦当劳在那里也很受欢迎”切题。故选D项。5.G由下文“Familiesspendalotoftimetogether.”可知,家庭在意大利人的生活中是非常重要的。G项中的“Thefamily”呼应下文中的“Families”。故选G项。Ⅲ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。为了优化社会捐赠食物的分配机制,美国第二丰收组织使用一种叫做Ceres的软件,从而有效地解决捐赠食物的处理问题。1.Bserve为……服务;lack缺乏;reserve保留,预定;order命令。根据下文“Hunger”可知,此处指1200万户家庭缺乏食物。故选B项。2.Cworkday工作日;birthday生日;holiday节假日;payday发薪日。根据本句中的“atsometimeduringtheyear”和“including”可知,此处表示包括节假日。故选C项。3.Aresource资源;income收入;mission使命;service服务。根据下文“thenation’slargestdomestichunger-relieforganization”可知,该组织的目的是减少不合理的资源分配。故选A项。4.Cexpose暴露;introduce介绍,引进;distribute分发;addict使……上瘾。根据上一句中关键词“distribution”可知,此处指该组织向2300多万需要帮助的人分发了近20亿磅粮食。故选C项。5.Dharvest收获;prepare准备;recommend推荐;gather收集。根据下文“fromgrowers,processors,grocerystoresandrestaurants”可知,此处表示收集食物。故选D项。6.Dforexample举个例子;incontrast与此相反;aboveall首先;inturn反过来,转而。上文提到这个组织网络从各处收集食物;下文说该组织网络将食物分发给其他地方。上文与下文存在动作上的先后关系。故选D项。7.Bbackyard后院;shelter庇护所;garage车库;cabin小屋。根据上文“homeless”推测,此处是指庇护所、收容所。故选B项。8.Adonor捐助者;survivor幸存者;farmer农民;victim受害者。根据上文“fromgrowers,processors,grocerystoresandrestaurants”可知,此处的食物来自社会各地的捐助者。故选A项。9.Cinnovative创