2026年大学生英语四级必考词汇和语法仿真模拟试题及答案

2026年大学生英语四级必考词汇和语法仿真模拟试题及答案PartIVocabulary(30points)SectionASingle-choice(15×1=15)Directions:Choosethewordorphrasethatbestcompleteseachsentence.1.Theuniversity’snewpolicyaimsto________thegapbetweenurbanandruralstudents’accesstodigitalresources.A.bridge  B.bond  C.blend  D.boastAnswer:A2.Afterthreeconsecutivefailures,theteam’smoralewasatits________lowest.A.succinct  B.succinctly  C.nadir  D.zenithAnswer:C3.Thejournalistrefusedto________thesourceoftheleakeddocuments,citingethicalcodes.A.divulge  B.diverge  C.diversify  D.divertAnswer:A4.Theclimatemodelis________enoughtosimulatefeedbackloopsbetweenoceansandtheatmosphere.A.coarse  B.robust  C.fragile  D.stagnantAnswer:B5.Thestart-upsecuredseedfundingbypresentinga________pitchthathighlightedscalability.A.laconic  B.verbose  C.compelling  D.redundantAnswer:C6.Thetreatyincludes________clausesthatpenalizenon-compliancewithautomaticsanctions.A.deterrent  B.deterrents  C.deterring  D.deterringlyAnswer:A7.Thearchaeologistusedlidartechnologyto________thecontoursoftheburiedcity.A.distort  B.map  C.erase  D.fragmentAnswer:B8.Thenewantiviraldrugismost________whenadministeredwithin48hoursofsymptomonset.A.efficacious  B.efficient  C.effectual  D.effectiveAnswer:A9.Thestudent’sthesiswasrejectedfor________datawithoutpropercitation.A.fabricating  B.fabricate  C.fabricated  D.fabricationAnswer:A10.Thecentralbankraisedinterestratesto________inflationarypressure.A.curb  B.spur  C.trigger  D.bolsterAnswer:A11.Thealgorithmcan________fakereviewsbydetectingunnaturallinguisticpatterns.A.segregate  B.aggregate  C.flag  D.maskAnswer:C12.Thespeaker’s________tonemadeevencontroversialclaimssoundreasonable.A.incendiary  B.conciliatory  C.abrasive  D.monotonousAnswer:B13.Thecourtruledthatthecompany’snon-competeclausewasoverly________andthereforevoid.A.lenient  B.restrictive  C.permissive  D.speculativeAnswer:B14.Thespacecraftwilluseagravity________aroundVenustoreachJupiterfaster.A.slingshot  B.backlash  C.backlash  D.backslideAnswer:A15.Theeconomistwarnedthat________growthcouldleadtoassetbubbles.A.exponential  B.marginal  C.nominal  D.secularAnswer:ASectionBMultiple-choice(5×2=10)Directions:SelectTWOanswersthatbestcompleteeachsentence.16.Measurestocombatdeepfakesinclude________and________.A.blockchainwatermarking  B.legislativebans  C.quantumentanglement  D.digitalliteracycampaignsAnswer:A,D17.Theprofessoremphasizedthatcriticalthinkingentails________aswellas________.A.questioningassumptions  B.memorizingdefinitions  C.evaluatingevidence  D.replicatingexperimentsAnswer:A,C18.Thebiodiversityhotspotisthreatenedby________and________.A.habitatfragmentation  B.ecotourism  C.invasivespecies  D.carbonsequestrationAnswer:A,C19.Toensurereproducibility,researchersmustdisclose________and________.A.rawdata  B.peer-reviewreports  C.codescripts  D.conferenceflyersAnswer:A,C20.Thetreaty’swithdrawalmaytrigger________and________.A.retaliatorytariffs  B.currencyappreciation  C.diplomaticbacklash  D.supply-chaindiversificationAnswer:A,CSectionCCollocation&Phrase-completion(5×1=5)Directions:Fillintheblankwiththecorrectformofthegivenwordinparentheses.21.TheCEOwasaccusedof________(seat)ontheboardwithoutproperdisclosure.Answer:seating22.Thepapercallsfor________(parameter)themodelwithreal-timesatellitedata.Answer:parameterizing23.Thenewlawgrantscitizensthe________(rescind)ofconsenttodatasharing.Answer:rescission24.Theteamcarriedout________(bench)testsbeforeclinicaltrials.Answer:benchtop25.Theeconomistinsistedon________(downside)risksinthefootnotes.Answer:downsidePartIIGrammar&Structure(30points)SectionASingle-choice(10×1=10)Directions:Choosetheoptionthatbestcompletesthesentence.26.Notuntilthealgorithm________robustcross-validationdidthejournalagreetoreviewthemanuscript.A.hadundergone  B.underwent  C.hasundergone  D.undergoesAnswer:A27.________bytheIRB,theexperimentwouldhavebeendeemedunethical.A.Haditnotbeenapproved  B.Ifitwerenotapproved  C.Wasitnotapproved  D.WereitnotapprovedAnswer:A28.Themoregranularthedata,________theprivacyimplicationsbecome.A.thegreat  B.thegreater  C.thegreatest  D.greaterAnswer:B29.Thereviewidentified42studies,________18wereexcludedforlackingcontrolgroups.A.ofwhich  B.ofthem  C.whichof  D.whomAnswer:A30.Theprofessordemandedthateverycalculation________double-checked.A.is  B.be  C.being  D.wasAnswer:B31.Rarely________adatasetsobiasedthatentireconclusionscollapse.A.oneencounters  B.doesoneencounter  C.onedoesencounter  D.encountersoneAnswer:B32.Thenewpolicyappliesequallytostudents________tofaculty.A.and  B.aswell  C.andalso  D.alikeAnswer:A33.Themanuscriptwasreturned,________witharequestforsupplementaryanalyses.A.together  B.along  C.coupled  D.accompaniedAnswer:D34.ThevariableX,________inverselywithY,wasfinallydroppedfromthemodel.A.correlating  B.correlated  C.correlate  D.correlatesAnswer:A35.Thecommitteeinsiststhecode________open-sourcebythetimethepaperispublished.A.becomes  B.willbecome  C.become  D.hasbecomeAnswer:CSectionBError-identification&Correction(10×1=10)Directions:EachsentencecontainsONEerror.Writetheincorrectwordandthecorrection.36.Thereviewnotonlyhighlightedtheflawsbutalsosuggestpracticalremedies.Answer:suggest→suggests37.Neithertheprincipalinvestigatornortheresearchassistantswasawareofthediscrepancy.Answer:was→were38.Thedatasetistoolargetohandlingwithconventionalspreadsheets.Answer:handling→handle39.Thereisanumberofunresolvedethicalquestions.Answer:is→are40.Thealgorithm,thatwastrainedonbiaseddata,perpetuatesinequality.Answer:that→which41.Themoreyousimplifythemodel,thelessaccurateitwillpredicts.Answer:predicts→predict42.Theresultsweresignificantatp<0.05,thatmeetsthejournal’sthreshold.Answer:that→which43.Theuniversityhasbannedsmartphonesfromlectures,whathassparkeddebate.Answer:what→which44.Thehypothesiswasrejected,duetothesamplewastoosmall.Answer:dueto→because45.ThecodeisavailableonGitHub,whereuserscancontributespullrequests.Answer:contributes→contributeSectionCRewriting&Transformation(5×2=10)Directions:Rewriteeachsentenceasinstructedwithoutchangingthemeaning.46.Thepeerreviewersobjectedbecausethecontrolgroupwasnotrandomlyassigned.Use“onthegroundsthat”Answer:Thepeerreviewersobjectedonthegroundsthatthecontrolgrouphadnotbeenrandomlyassigned.47.“Wewillreleasethedatasetuponpublication,”theauthorsstated.Reportedspeech,pasttenseAnswer:Theauthorsstatedthattheywouldreleasethedatasetuponpublication.48.Thelabdoesnotpermiteating,anddrinkingisalsoforbidden.Use“letalone”Answer:Thelabdoesnotpermiteating,letalonedrinking.49.Thep-valuewas0.03;therefore,thenullhypothesiswasrejected.Use“such…that”Answer:Thep-valuewassuchthatthenullhypothesiswasrejected.50.Themodeliscomplex.Itcancapturenon-linearinteractions.Use“so…asto”Answer:Themodelissocomplexastocapturenon-linearinteractions.PartIIICloze(20points)Directions:ReadthepassageandchoosetheBESTwordforeachblank.PassageThenotionthatartificialintelligencecouldoneday(51)________humanresearchersnolongerbelongstosciencefiction.Recentadvancesinlargelanguagemodelshave(52)________thepossibilityofgeneratinghypotheses,designingexperiments,andevendraftingpaperswithminimalhuman(53)________.Yet,thisautonomyraises(54)________questionsaboutaccountability.Whoshouldbe(55)________ifanAI-authoredpapercontainsfabricateddata?Currentguidelines,(56)________bymostjournals,requireahumanguarantorwhocan(57)________theintegrityofthework.However,asmodelsbecomemore(58)________,tracingeveryanalyticalstepbecomes(59)________.SomescholarsargueforanewframeworkinwhichAIsystemsaretreatedas(60)________authors,completewithdigitalcredentialsthatcanbe(61)________orrevokedincaseofmisconduct.Otherscontendthatauthorshipisinseparablefrom(62)________responsibility,somethingmachinescannotpossess.Thedebateisnotmerelyacademic;(63)________precedentscouldshapepatentlaw,liability,andpublic(64)________inscience.Untilconsensusemerges,reviewersareadvisedto(65)________anysubmissionthatlistsanAIasanauthor,ensuringthatacompetenthumanhas(66)________everydataset,code,andconclusion.Paradoxically,themoreweautomatediscovery,themorewemust(67)________humanoversightmechanisms.Thefutureofscientificcredibilitymay(68)________onourabilitytointegrateAIwithouterodingthe(69)________standardsthathaveunderpinnedresearchsincetheEnlightenment.To(70)________thisbalance,universitiesarepilotinghybridreviewboardswherebothethicistsandalgorithmicauditorshavevotingrights.51.A.supersede B.undermine C.complement D.impersonateAnswer:A52.A.deferred B.democratized C.deterred D.deprecatedAnswer:B53.A.oversight B.overlook C.overlord D.overtureAnswer:A54.A.peripheral B.pragmatic C.precarious D.profoundAnswer:D55.A.blamed B.acclaimed C.licensed D.reimbursedAnswer:A56.A.ratified B.rejected C.recanted D.retractedAnswer:A57.A.vouchfor B.viefor C.veto D.visualizeAnswer:A58.A.opaque B.transparent C.lucid D.luminousAnswer:A59.A.feasible B.futile C.formidable D.facileAnswer:C60.A.honorary B.corporate C.sentient D.legalAnswer:D61.A.anointed B.audited C.augmented D.ascribedAnswer:B62.A.moral B.mortal C.mutual D.modularAnswer:A63.A.binding B.blinding C.bargaining D.bandingAnswer:A64.A.trust B.tryst C.truancy D.trussAnswer:A65.A.endorse B.scrutinize C.shelve D.sponsorAnswer:B66.A.circumvented B.validated C.vilified D.visualizedAnswer:B67.A.relax B.reinforce C.relinquish D.renderAnswer:B68.A.hinge B.hibernate C.hover D.hurtleAnswer:A69.A.arbitrary B.epistemic C.esoteric D.eclecticAnswer:B70.A.sever B.strike C.sustain D.subpoenaAnswer:CPartIVReadingComprehension(30points)TextATheriseof“zero-trust”cybersecurityarchitecturesreflectsaparadigmaticshift:perimeterdefensesarenolongeradequatewhencloudservicesrenderthetraditionalnetworkboundaryporous.Zero-trustassumesbreachandcontinuouslyverifieseverytransaction,encryptingdataatrestandintransit,segmentingnetworksmicroscopically,andemployingAI-drivenanomalydetection.Yet,implementationiscostly;organizationsmustinventoryeveryasset,mapdataflows,andenforceleast-privilegeaccess.Criticsarguethatzero-trustmaystifleproductivityiffrictionbecomesexcessive.Empiricalstudiesremainscarce,butearlyadoptersreporta43%reductioninlateralmovementaftercredentialtheft.71.Whatistheprimaryconcernraisedbycriticsofzero-trust?A.Highmonetarycost B.Userproductivity C.Encryptionoverhead D.AIfalsepositivesAnswer:B72.WhichactionisNOTexplicitlymentionedaspartofzero-trustimplementation?A.Assetinventory B.Multi-factorauthentication C.Data-flowmapping D.Micro-segmentationAnswer:BTextBMeta-analysesofremote-workproductivityrevealanuancedpicture.A2025synthesisof312studiesfoundthatcreativetasksbenefitfromasynchronouscommunication,whereasroutinetasksthriveundersynchronoussupervision.However,effectsizesvarybyculture:collectivistsocietiesshowsmallerproductivitygains,possiblyduetohighercoordinationcosts.Thestudyadvocateshybridmodelsthatsequencetasktypesthroughouttheweek.73.Whatmoderatestheeffectofremoteworkonproductivityaccordingtothesynthesis?A.Tasktypeandculture B.Internetspeed C.Officesize D.CommutelengthAnswer:A74.Whichtasktypeissaidtobenefitfromasynchronouscommunication?A.Dataentry B.Creativework C.Assemblyline D.CustomerserviceAnswer:BTextCRegenerativeagriculture,whichintegratescovercrops,reducedtillage,andlivestockrotation,hasbeenlaudedforsequesteringcarbon.However,alongitudinalstudyacross1,200farmsfoundthatcarbongainsplateauafterfiveyearsunlesscombinedwithbiocharapplication.Economicanalysisshowsthatcarboncreditsalonerarelyoffsettransitioncosts;premiumproductmarketsareessentialforprofitability.75.Whatinterventionextendscarbonsequestrationbeyondthefive-yearplateau?A.Covercrops B.Biochar C.Reducedtillage D.LivestockrotationAnswer:B76.Whatfinancialmechanismisdeemedinsufficientbyitself?A.Carboncredits B.Premiumbranding C.Governmentsubsidies D.ForwardcontractsAnswer:ATextDQuantumkeydistribution(QKD)promisestheoreticallyunbreakableencryption,yetcommercialadoptionlags.Technicalhurdlesincludephotonlossoverfiberbeyond100kmandtheneedfortrustedrelaynodes,whichcreatevulnerablechokepoints.Satellite-basedQKDcircumventsdistancelimitsbutintroducesorbitalvulnerabilities.Costremainsprohibitive:asinglegroundstationexceedsUSD50million.77.Whatisidentifiedasachokepointvulnerability?A.Photonloss B.Trustedrelaynodes C.Orbitaldebris D.SymmetrickeysAnswer:B78.Whichlimitationisspecifictosatellite-basedQKD?A.Photonloss B.Orbitalvulnerabilities C.Symmetricencryption D.KeygenerationspeedAnswer:BTextEThe“15-minutecity”conceptseekstoreducecardependencybyensuringessentialservicesliewithinashortwalkorcycle.Criticsarguethatitmayentrenchsocio-economicsegregationifpropertypricesrisenearmulti-functionalhubs.AParisiancasestudyshowsthatrentswithin15-minuteisochronesincreased8%fasterthanthemetropolitanaverage,despiteinclusionaryzoning.79.WhatunintendedconsequenceishighlightedintheParisiancase?A.Increasedtraffic B.Rentalescalation C.Serviceduplication D.SchoolovercrowdingAnswer:B80.Whichpolicyfailedtocurbrentinflation?A.Inclusionaryzoning B.Congestionpricing C.Bikelanes D.Open-streeteventsAnswer:APartVTranslation(15points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.81.随着大型语言模型不断迭代，学术出版界不得不面对一个棘手的问题：如何在不扼杀创新的前提下，确保每一篇由人工智能辅助生成的论文都经得起可重复性检验。部分期刊开始要求作者提交“算法声明”，详细说明模型版本、提示工程策略以及人工校验的比例，以期在透明度与效率之间取得平衡。Answer:Aslargelanguagemodelsiteraterapidly,theacademicpublishingcommunity