广东省肇庆市端州区2025届高中毕业班第二次模拟适应性考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1广东省肇庆市端州区2025届高中毕业班第二次模拟适应性考试英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHaveyoueverdreamedofanidealneighborhoodforyournexttrip?Well,TimeOutmagazinehastheanswer.Everyyear,theycreatealistofthe“coolestneighborhoods”aroundtheworldbylookingatthingslikecommunityspirit,beautifulparks,andlivelystreets.Thisyear,38amazingonesmadethelist.Herearethreethatstoodout.Seongsu-donginSeoul,SouthKorea,usedtobeanindustrialcenter,hometoshoeandothersmallfactories.Now,theoldbuildingsandfactorieshaveturnedintocosycafes,shops,andgalleries(画廊).TheareahasbecomeapopulardestinationforSouthKoreanyouthandafashionhotspotwithmanybrandskeen(热切的)tosetupshopshere.Notre-Dame-du-MontinFranceisknownforitsartandrelaxedatmosphere.Onceknownastheindustrialdistrict,Notre-Dame-du-Montisnowaplacewhereyoucanfindmarkets,restaurants,andshopsthatareuniquetoit.It’samixoftraditionandfashion,withabitofarebellious(反叛的)spirit,whichhasattractedmanytrendyyouth.GloriainRiodeJaneiro,Brazil,wasoncebeautifulwithbuildingsthatlookedliketheywerefromFrance.Butitwasforgottenforawhile.Now,it’smakingacomeback,attractingayoungercrowd.Thebeachiscleaner,andoldbuildingsarebeingfixedup.There’salsoabigopen-airmarketwhereyoucanfindover150sellersofferinguniquegoods.Findoutmorecitiesthatmadethelisthere,exploretheoptions,andstartplanningyournexttrip!1.WhatdoSeongsu-dongandNotre-Dame-du-Monthaveincommon?A.Theybothhavealonghistoryofart.B.Theyarebothpopularamongtheelderly.C.Theybothhavethemostfamousopen-airmarkets.D.Theyhavebothtransformedfromindustrialtofashionable.2.WhatisspecialaboutGloriainRiodeJaneiro?A.Ithasalwaysbeenapopulartouristdestination.B.ThebuildingsarenewlybuiltinFrenchstyle.C.Itisexperiencingarevivalwithabigmarket.D.Itisfamousforitscleanbeach.3.Whereisthisarticlemostlikelytobefrom?A.Atravelplan B.AtravelmagazineC.Atravelbrochure D.ApostontheInternet【答案】1.D2.C3.D【语篇解读】本文是应用文。介绍了《TimeOut》杂志每年评选的全球“最酷街区”榜单。文章特别提到了三个脱颖而出的街区：韩国首尔的Seongsu-dong、法国的Notre-Dame-du-Mont和巴西里约热内卢的Gloria。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Seongsu-donginSeoul,SouthKorea,usedtobeanindustrialcenter,hometoshoeandothersmallfactories.Now,theoldbuildingsandfactorieshaveturnedintocosycafes,shops,andgalleries(画廊).(韩国首尔的Seongsu-dong曾经是一个工业中心，是制鞋和其他小型工厂的所在地。现在，古老的建筑和工厂已经变成了舒适的咖啡馆、商店和画廊)”以及第三段“Notre-Dame-du-MontinFranceisknownforitsartandrelaxedatmosphere.Onceknownastheindustrialdistrict,Notre-Dame-du-Montisnowaplacewhereyoucanfindmarkets,restaurants,andshopsthatareuniquetoit.(法国的圣母院以其艺术和轻松的氛围而闻名。巴黎圣母院曾经是工业区，现在你可以在这里找到独特的市场、餐馆和商店)”可知，两者都经历了从工业到时尚的转变。故选D项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“GloriainRiodeJaneiro,Brazil,wasoncebeautifulwithbuildingsthatlookedliketheywerefromFrance.Butitwasforgottenforawhile.Now,it’smakingacomeback,attractingayoungercrowd.Thebeachiscleaner,andoldbuildingsarebeingfixedup.There’salsoabigopen-airmarketwhereyoucanfindover150sellersofferinguniquegoods.(巴西里约热内卢的Gloria曾经是一座美丽的城市，那里的建筑看起来像是来自法国。但有一段时间它被遗忘了。现在，它正在卷土重来，吸引了更年轻的人群。海滩更干净了，旧建筑也正在修缮。还有一个很大的露天市场，在那里你可以找到150多个卖家提供独特的商品)”可知，它正在经历一个大市场的复兴。故选C项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Findoutmorecitiesthatmadethelisthere,exploretheoptions,andstartplanningyournexttrip!(在这里找到更多上榜的城市，探索各种选择，开始计划你的下一次旅行吧！)”可知，这种表述更像是在线文章或帖子的风格，鼓励读者通过链接或网站去了解更多信息，这是互联网内容的常见做法。因此，这篇文章最有可能是来自互联网上的一个帖子。故选D项。BYouwon’tfindtigersjumpingthroughfieryhoopsinthewildorbearsridingbicycles.Wildelephantsdon’twalkaroundontwolegsandwildsealionsdon’tbalanceballsontheirnosesforfun.Thesearethekindsofanimalactsyoumayhaveseenatthecircus.However,thewildanimalsincircusesareextremelystressedbycircusconditions.Theloudnoiseofthemusic,thecheersofthecrowdandthedizzyinglightsalldisorientate(失去方向)andcausestresstowildanimals.Overlongperiods,thiscanresultinabnormalbehaviorsandhealthproblemsrelatedtoanxiety.Whileitispossiblethatdomesticateddogscouldenjoythestimulationofcertaintypesofcircustrainingandperformance,forwildspeciessuchastigers,bearsandmonkeys,performingonstagecangetthemdeeplyhurt.Themovementsandposesarecompletelyunnaturalandcancausephysicalinjuryandstress.Whencircusanimalsdon’tperformthetrickright,theyareoftenbeatenaspunishment.Thelivingconditionsatcircusesconsistentlyfailtomeettheanimals’mostbasicneeds.Whentheshowstops,theanimalstypicallyreturntoisolationinsmall,barrencageswhichgivethemnoopportunitytocarryoutbehaviorsnaturaltotheirspecies,ortointeractwiththeirownkind.Whilenotperforming,theanimalshavenothingtodobutstareatthewalls.Manyarelimitedtolivingindarkplaceswithnodaylight,nosunlight,andnoexposuretotheoutsideforstimulation.Theylivemind-numbing,boring,completelyunnaturallives.Travelingcircusanimalscanspendupto11monthsoftheyearontheroad.Theyarelimitedinsideverysmallstallsorcages,travelingforthousandsofhours,oververylongdistances.It’sdisturbing,unnatural,frighteningandstressfulforthem.Nearlyallcircusanimalsarechainedupandimmobilizedwhiletraveling.Travelingposesmanyphysicalriskstothem,includingaccidents,injuries,heartstrokeandoverheating,unusualcoldandfreezingtemperaturesthatcanmakethemsick,loudnoiseandgeneraldiscomfort.4.Whyareanimalsincircusesunhealthybothmentallyandphysically?A.Becauseoftheirabnormalbehavior. B.Becauseoftheirperformancesonstage.C.Becauseoftheirpunishmentfromtrainers. D.Becauseoftheirunnaturallivingconditions.5.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Theanimals’basicneedswhenashowstops.B.Theanimals’livingstatewhentheydonotperform.C.Theanimals’mentalstatewhentheyaretravelling.D.Theanimals’dailyinteractionswhentheyarecaged.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“immobilized”inparagraph4mean?A.Fixedinaplace. B.Deliveredtoaplace. C.Trainedbysomeone. D.Followedbysomeone.7.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthoseanimalsincircuses?A.Indifferent. B.Annoyed. C.Sympathetic. D.Opposed.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了马戏团动物在表演和生活中的不健康状态，以及它们所面临的种种问题。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“However,thewildanimalsincircusesareextremelystressedbycircusconditions.Theloudnoiseofthemusic,thecheersofthecrowdandthedizzyinglightsalldisorientate(失去方向)andcausestresstowildanimals.Overlongperiods,thiscanresultinabnormalbehaviorsandhealthproblemsrelatedtoanxiety.Whileitispossiblethatdomesticateddogscouldenjoythestimulationofcertaintypesofcircustrainingandperformance,forwildspeciessuchastigers,bearsandmonkeys,performingonstagecangetthemdeeplyhurt.Themovementsandposesarecompletelyunnaturalandcancausephysicalinjuryandstress.Whencircusanimalsdon’tperformthetrickright,theyareoftenbeatenaspunishment.(然而，马戏团里的野生动物因为马戏团的条件而极度紧张。音乐的巨大噪音、人群的欢呼声和令人眩晕的灯光都会让野生动物迷失方向并产生压力。长此以往，这会导致异常行为和与焦虑相关的健康问题。虽然家犬可能会喜欢某些类型的马戏团训练和表演的刺激，但对于老虎、熊和猴子等野生物种来说，在舞台上表演可能会让它们受到严重伤害。这些动作和姿势完全不自然，可能导致身体受伤和压力。当马戏团动物表演不当时，它们经常会受到殴打作为惩罚)”和第三段中“Thelivingconditionsatcircusesconsistentlyfailtomeettheanimals’mostbasicneeds.(马戏团的居住条件一直不能满足动物最基本的需求)”可知，马戏团的动物因为不自然的生活条件，包括表演时的压力和不当对待，以及非自然的居住环境，导致它们在心理和身体上都不健康。故选D项。【5题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Thelivingconditionsatcircusesconsistentlyfailtomeettheanimals’mostbasicneeds.Whentheshowstops,theanimalstypicallyreturntoisolationinsmall,barrencageswhichgivethemnoopportunitytocarryoutbehaviorsnaturaltotheirspecies,ortointeractwiththeirownkind.Whilenotperforming,theanimalshavenothingtodobutstareatthewalls.Manyarelimitedtolivingindarkplaceswithnodaylight,nosunlight,andnoexposuretotheoutsideforstimulation.Theylivemind-numbing,boring,completelyunnaturallives.(马戏团的居住条件一直不能满足动物最基本的需求。当表演结束时，动物们通常会被隔离在狭小、贫瘠的笼子里，这使它们没有机会表现出自己物种的自然行为，也无法与同类互动。在不表演的时候，动物们无所事事，只能盯着墙壁看。许多动物只能生活在没有日光、没有阳光、没有外界刺激的黑暗地方。它们过着令人麻木、无聊、完全不自然的生活)”可知，本段主要讲述了动物在不表演时的生活状态，即它们被囚禁在狭小的笼子里，无法展现自然行为，生活极度无聊且不自然。故选B项。【6题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Nearlyallcircusanimalsarechainedupandimmobilizedwhiletraveling.(几乎所有的马戏团动物在旅行时都被锁链锁住并immobilized)”中“arechainedup”可知，马戏团在出行时动物都是被锁链锁住的，由此可知，它们“被固定在一个地方”，故划线词immobilized与Fixedinaplace同义。故选A项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据全文内容，特别是第二段“However,thewildanimalsincircusesareextremelystressedbycircusconditions.(然而，马戏团里的野生动物因为马戏团的条件而极度紧张)”和第三段“Thelivingconditionsatcircusesconsistentlyfailtomeettheanimals’mostbasicneeds.(马戏团的居住条件一直不能满足动物最基本的需求)”可知，作者详细描述了马戏团动物所遭受的不公和痛苦，包括表演时的压力、不当的对待以及非自然的居住环境。由此可推知，作者对马戏团中的动物持同情态度。故选C项。CWhoamongushasn’tweighedupthevalueofattendinganeventthatrequiredalongcommute(通勤),orfoundthemselvesinabadmoodduetobeingstuckintraffic?Butwhileit’sobviousthatsomeactivitieswillbringusjoyandothersonlyfrustration,translatingthisunderstandingintodatathatcanhelpguidepolicydecisionshashistoricallyproveddifficult.It’swhatDr.ChristianKrekelandDr.GeorgeMacKerronhavebeenexploring.TheyproposeanewmethodforestimatingtheValueofTime(VOT)andcalculate(计算),forthefirsttime,VOTsforawiderangeofcommonactivitiessuchaswalking,commutingandsocialising.ThroughanappcalledMappiness,theycanaskpeopleabouttheirhappinessrandomlythroughoutthedayandrecordhowtheyareactuallyfeelinginthatmomentwhiledoingsomethingorbeingsomewhere.Withdatafromover30,000peoplearoundtheUK,theresearcherswereabletoidentifyhowpeoplefeltwhencarryingout42dailyactivitiesandcalculateamonetary(货币的)valueforeachactivity.Interestingly,“waitingorqueuing”wasfoundtohaveastrongandsignificantnegativeimpactonhappiness,rankingasthethirdleastenjoyableactivity.TheVOTshowsthatspending60minuteswaitingisfoundtobeworth£12.20perhour;commuting£8.40perhour;andwaitingduringcommuting,ahuge£17.20perhour.Thesehighcostssuggestthatrespondentswouldbebetteroffspendingtheirtimedoingsomethingelse.Or,asDr.Krekelsays,“Someonewhoiswaitingfor60minuteswouldneedtobepaid£12.20toachievethesamelevelofhappinessiftheywerenotwaiting.”ThisnewmethodofcalculatingVOTallowsresearcherstomeasurethebenefitsoffundingtime-savingfacilities,helpingpolicymakerstomakeinformeddecisionsoverwherebesttospendmoney.Byshowinghowimpactfulwaitingandcommutingareonthepopulation,theresearchmakesastrongcaseforfundingprojectsthatwouldreducethetimepeoplespenddoingtheseactivitiesandpromotethewellbeingofallwhostandtobenefit.8.Whydoestheauthormentiontwosituationsinparagraph1?A.Topresentafact. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Toexplaintheissue. D.Tocomparethedifferences.9.TheresearchersestimatedtheVOTsthrough________.A.randomsurveys B.calculatedcasestudiesC.on-siteobservations D.face-to-faceinterviews10.WhichofthefollowingmighthavethehighestVOTaccordingtotheresearch?A.Commutingtoschoolonabusforthirtyminutes.B.Waitingforacoffeefornearlyonehouratacafé.C.Spendingtwohoursshoppingwithafriendatamall.D.Beingstuckintrafficforanhouronthewaytowork.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theappealforfuturestudies. B.Thechallengesoftheproject.C.Theapplicationoftheresearch. D.Theimprovementofthemethod.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员通过应用程序收集数据算出多种日常活动的时间价值，发现等待或排队对幸福感有负面影响，该方法能助力政策制定者的相关决策。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Whoamongushasn’tweighedupthevalueofattendinganeventthatrequiredalongcommute(通勤),orfoundthemselvesinabadmoodduetobeingstuckintraffic?Butwhileit’sobviousthatsomeactivitieswillbringusjoyandothersonlyfrustration,translatingthisunderstandingintodatathatcanhelpguidepolicydecisionshashistoricallyproveddifficult.(我们当中有谁没有权衡过参加一个需要长途通勤的活动的价值，或者发现自己因为交通堵塞而心情不好？但是，虽然很明显，有些活动会给我们带来快乐，而其他活动只会给我们带来沮丧，但历史证明，将这种理解转化为可以帮助指导政策决策的数据是困难的)”可知，此处先提到这两种日常生活中常见的与时间利用和感受相关的场景，再指出将人们对不同活动的感受转化为数据，进而指导政策决策很困难。由此可知，作者提到这两种情况是为了引出文章的主题，即如何通过数据衡量时间价值并指导政策决策。故选B项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“ThroughanappcalledMappiness,theycanaskpeopleabouttheirhappinessrandomlythroughoutthedayandrecordhowtheyareactuallyfeelinginthatmomentwhiledoingsomethingorbeingsomewhere.(通过一款名为Mappiness的应用程序，他们可以在一天中随机询问人们的快乐程度，并记录下他们在做某事或在某处时那一刻的真实感受)”可知，研究人员通过随机调查估算了时间价值。故选A项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“TheVOTshowsthatspending60minuteswaitingisfoundtobeworth£12.20perhour;commuting£8.40perhour;andwaitingduringcommuting,ahuge£17.20perhour.(VOT显示，花60分钟等待每小时价值12.20英镑；通勤每小时8.40英镑；在通勤途中等待，每小时17.20英镑)”可知，D项“在上班路上堵车一小时”属于通勤期间的等待，其时间价值最高。故选D项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“ThisnewmethodofcalculatingVOTallowsresearcherstomeasurethebenefitsoffundingtime-savingfacilities,helpingpolicymakerstomakeinformeddecisionsoverwherebesttospendmoney.Byshowinghowimpactfulwaitingandcommutingareonthepopulation,theresearchmakesastrongcaseforfundingprojectsthatwouldreducethetimepeoplespenddoingtheseactivitiesandpromotethewellbeingofallwhostandtobenefit.(这种计算VOT的新方法使研究人员能够衡量为节省时间的设施提供资金的好处，帮助决策者做出明智的决定，决定把钱花在哪里最好。通过展示等待和通勤对人们的影响，这项研究为资助一些项目提供了强有力的理由，这些项目将减少人们花在这些活动上的时间，并促进所有受益人群的福祉)”可知，本段围绕该研究在实际决策和项目资金支持方面的应用展开，介绍了研究成果在现实中的用途。故选C项。DStudieshaveshownthemereexposureeffect,alsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanism(机制)thathelpsusmaintainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakeseffortanditcanbetiring.Sounlesswehaveaterribleexperience,wearelikelytobuyfromcompanieswe’vegotusedto.Thatiswhycompaniesspendsomuchmoneyonadvertisingandmarketingandwhyinsurancecompaniesopenlychargeexistingcustomersmorethannewones.It’snotthecasethatweonlydesirethingswealreadyknow.Somestudiessuggestwheninvitedtoshareourpreferences,wesometimesseelessfamiliarchoicesasmoredesirable.Butwhenactingonthatpreference,wefallbacktowhatweknow.Thismightexplainwhysometimesthethingswewantandthethingswedodon’tquitematchup.Wemightevenreturntocompaniesthattreateduspoorlyinthepastorstayinbadrelationships.It’seasytopaintthefamiliarityprincipleasanenemyorsomethingtobattleasifitissomethingthatholdsusbackfromlivingourdreams.Butthisattitudemightbeoverwhelmingbecauseittendstoencourageustowardbig-picturethinking.Whereweimaginethatchangerequiresasubstantialdramatic(巨大而突然的)swingthatwedon’tfeelreadyfor.Somearticlessuggestthesolutiontofamiliarityfrustrationiscompleteexposuretonovelty(新奇的事物).Whilethiscanappeareffectiveintheshortrun,wemayonlyendupreplacingoneproblemwithanother.Italsorisksoverwhelmandburnout.Sowhatifwecanworkwiththefamiliarityprincipleinstead?Familiarityissomethingwecanlearntoplaywithandenjoy.Itisasettingforcreativityandapathwaytoexpansion.Wecanbroadenthezoneoffamiliaritybitbybit.Ifwethinkoffamiliarityassomethingthatcanexpand,wecanconsiderchangingtheconditionsinandaroundourliestomakemorespaceforourpreferencestotakerootandgrowgently.Fromhere,wewillstarttomakedecisions,drawingfromanever-deepeningpoolofvaluablealternatives.12.Whatallowsinsurancecompaniestochargeoldcustomersmore?A.Thefamiliarityprinciple. B.Theadvertisingcost.C.Theimprovedservice. D.Thelawofthemarket.13.Whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph2?A.Ourpreferencesaffectourdecisions.B.Therecanbeamismatchbetweendesiresandactions.C.Thefamiliarityprincipleisadouble-edgedsword.D.Familiaritytendstogeneratedisrespect.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthesolutioninsomearticles?A.Objective. B.Favorable. C.Disapproving. D.Tolerant.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GentlyExpandYourFamiliarityZone B.StepOutOfYourFamiliarityZoneC.SpareAThoughtForYourPreference D.GivePriorityToTheMereExposureEffect【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，并提出了一种平衡的观点来看待这个原则，而不是将其视为阻碍，作者建议我们可以通过逐步扩展熟悉区域来利用这一原则来促进创造性和成长。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Studieshaveshownthemereexposureeffect,alsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanism(机制)thathelpsusmaintainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakeseffortanditcanbetiring.Sounlesswehaveaterribleexperience,wearelikelytobuyfromcompanieswe’vegotusedto.Thatiswhycompaniesspendsomuchmoneyonadvertisingandmarketingandwhyinsurancecompaniesopenlychargeexistingcustomersmorethannewones.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，把注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会很累。因此，除非我们有糟糕的经历，否则我们很可能会从我们已经习惯的公司购买股票。这就是为什么公司在广告和营销上花那么多钱，为什么保险公司公开向现有客户收取比新客户更高的费用)”可知，熟悉原则让保险公司向老客户收取更多费用。故选A。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“It’snotthecasethatweonlydesirethingswealreadyknow.Somestudiessuggestwheninvitedtoshareourpreferences,wesometimesseelessfamiliarchoicesasmoredesirable.Butwhenactingonthatpreference,wefallbacktowhatweknow.Thismightexplainwhysometimesthethingswewantandthethingswedodon’tquitematchup.Wemightevenreturntocompaniesthattreateduspoorlyinthepastorstayinbadrelationships.(这并不是说我们只想要已知的东西。一些研究表明，当被邀请分享我们的偏好时，我们有时会认为不太熟悉的选择更可取。但当我们按照这种偏好行事时，我们又回到了我们所知道的。这也许可以解释为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配。我们甚至可能回到过去对我们不好的公司，或者保持糟糕的关系)”可知，本段解释了为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配，也就是说有时候我们的欲望和行动可能不匹配。故选B。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Whilethiscanappeareffectiveintheshortrun,wemayonlyendupreplacingoneproblemwithanother.Italsorisksoverwhelmandburnout.(虽然这在短期内看起来是有效的，但我们最终可能只是用一个问题代替另一个问题。它也有让人不堪重负和精疲力竭的风险。)”可知，这段话表明作者对文章中提出的解决方案持反对态度，认为这种解决方案可能只是暂时有效，而且可能带来新的问题和风险。因此，作者的态度是反对的。故选C。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Studieshaveshownthemereexposureeffect,alsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanism(机制)thathelpsusmaintainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakeseffortanditcanbetiring.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，把注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会很累)”以及最后一段“Wecanbroadenthezoneoffamiliaritybitbybit.Ifwethinkoffamiliarityassomethingthatcanexpand,wecanconsiderchangingtheconditionsinandaroundourliestomakemorespaceforourpreferencestotakerootandgrowgently.Fromhere,wewillstarttomakedecisions,drawingfromanever-deepeningpoolofvaluablealternatives.(我们可以一点一点地扩大熟悉的范围。如果我们认为熟悉是一种可以扩展的东西，我们可以考虑改变我们谎言内部和周围的条件，为我们的偏好提供更多的空间，让它生根发芽。从这里开始，我们将开始从不断加深的有价值的选择中做出决定)”可知，文章主要讨论了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，以及如何利用这一原则进行创新和拓展。文章强调了我们可以逐步扩大熟悉的范围，通过改变生活中的条件，为我们的偏好提供更多的空间，使其能够生根并温和地成长。因此，选项A“慢慢扩大你的熟悉范围”最能概括文章的主题。故选A。第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowLonelinessIsKillingUsLonelinessisabsolutelyanepidemic(流行病)inoursociety,butit’sbeengrowingfordecades.Lonelinessisthesensethat“IamlessconnectedtootherpeoplethanIwanttobe.”_____16_____Andthatmakesitdifferentfromisolation(独处).Icandeliberatelyisolatemyselfandfeelgreataboutthat,butonlyyoucantellifyou’relonely._____17_____Insomestudies,asmanyas,60%ofpeoplewillsaythattheyfeellonelymuchofthetime.Youngadultsaged16to24aretheloneliestagegroup.Therearemanyfactorsthatareresponsibleforthat.Lonelinesswasontherisefromthe1950sinpartbecauseoftheriseofprivatecars.We’vebecomeamuchmoremobilesocietywherethenetworksoffamilyandfriendsgetlooseaspeoplemoveforjobsandotherkindsofopportunitieslikeeducation._____18_____Butthenittearsusawayfromthecommunitieswearebornintoandspendmuchofourlivescreating.WhentelevisioncameintotheAmericanhome,therewasmoreofadeclineininvestinginourcommunities.Andthatwasmadeworseasthedigitalrevolutiongaveusmoreandmorescreenstolookat.Researchfindslonelinessisdangeroustoourhealth.____19____Inaddition,peoplewhoarelonelyinlatelifehavemorerapidbraindecline.Thechoicewecanmaketokeepusonagoodpathofwellbeingistoinvestinourrelationshipswithotherpeople.____20____.Youbelong.Youmatter.You’reconnected.A.It’saverysubjectiveexperience.B.Allofthatisgoodontheonehand.C.Youmayfeellostandmayhavelowconfidence.D.Stresscomingfromlonelinesscausesphysicalbreakdown.E.Sincethe1950s,peoplehavebeenlessandlessinvestedinotherpeople.F.Peoplegotofarawaycollegesandonlygetintouchwithfamiliesonscreen.G.Agoodwayistofindanactivityaroundotherpeoplewhereyouarecomfortable.【答案】16.A17.E18.B19.D20.G【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现在人们感到孤独的原因以及孤独对我们的影响。【16题详析】由上文“Lonelinessisthesensethat“IamlessconnectedtootherpeoplethanIwanttobe”.孤独是一种“我和别人的联系比我想要的少”的感觉)”可知，这里在具体描述孤独是一种怎样的状态，而A项It’saverysubjectiveexperience.(这是一种非常主观的体验)符合语境，其中It指代上文的Loneliness，subjective与上文Iwanttobe对应，所以本句有承上作用。故选A项。【17题详析】由下文“Insomestudies,asmanyas,60%ofpeoplewillsaythattheyfeellonelymuchofthetime.(在一些研究中，多达60%的人会说他们大部分时间都感到孤独)”可知，这里讲很多人会感觉到孤独，而E项Sincethe1950s,peoplehavebeenlessandlessinvestedinotherpeople.(自20世纪50年代以来，人们对他人的投入的沟通时间越来越少)符合语境，与下句构成因果关系，所以有启下作用。故选E项。【18题详析】由上文“Therearemanyfactorsthatareresponsibleforthat.Lonelinesswasontherisefromthe1950sinpartbecauseoftheriseofprivatecare.We’vebecomeamuchmoremobilesocietywherethenetworksoffamilyandfriendsgetlooseaspeoplemoveforjobsandotherkindsofopportunitieslikeeducation.(造成这种情况的因素有很多。自20世纪50年代以来，孤独感呈上升趋势，部分原因是私人护理的兴起。我们已经成为一个流动性更强的社会，随着人们为工作和教育等其他机会而流动，家人和朋友的网络变得松散)”可知，这里在讲造成孤独的因素。而B项Allofthatisgoodontheonehand.(一方面，这一切都很好)符合语境，that指代上文列举的具体情况，本句也与but引导的后文形成转折关系。故选B项。【19题详析】由上文“Researchfindslonelinessisdangeroustoourhealth.(研究发现孤独对我们的健康是危险的)”可知，孤独对我们的健康是危险的，而D项Stresscomingfromlonelinesscausesphysicalbreakdown.(孤独带来的压力会导致身体崩溃)符合语境，其中physicalbreakdown与上文dangeroustoourhealth对应，所以本句有承上作用。故选D项。【20题详析】由上文“Thechoicewecanmaketokeepusonagoodpathofwellbeingistoinvestinourrelationshipswithotherpeople.(我们可以做出的选择是投资于我们与他人的关系，以保持我们的健康)”可知，这里讲我们可以投资于我们与他人的关系来保持我们的健康，而G项Agoodwayistofindanactivityaroundotherpeoplewhereyouarecomfortable.(一个好方法是在别人周围找一个你觉得舒服的活动)符合语境，本句为改善我们与他人的关系的具体建议，所以有承上作用。故选G项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。KashifHodawaswaitingforatrainwhenayoungmanaskedhimfordirections.Mr.Hodawas___21___bytheman’sthick-framedglasses,buthedidnotrealizethattheyweresmartglassesandthatasmallwhitelightindicatedthattheywere___22___.Afewminuteslater,thesameman,aHarvardjuniornamedAnhPhuNguyen,___23___himagainandasked,“Doyou___24___toworkoncommunityissues?”Mr.Hodawas___25___.Hecurrentlyworkedinbiotechnologybuthadpreviouslybeenajournalist___26___socialmatters.“I’vereadyour___27___before,”Mr.Nguyensaid.“That’ssupercool.”TheyshookhandsbeforeMr.Hoda___28___histrain,stillprocessinghowstrangethe___29___hadbeen.Aweeklater,hefoundoutjusthowstrange:hehadbeenaguineapiginanexperiment.Mr.NguyenandafellowHarvardstudent,CaineArdayfio,hadbuiltglassesusedfor_____30_____strangersinrealtime,andhad_____31_____themontwo“realpeople”atthesubwaystation,includingMr.Hoda.NowthetwostudentsaskedMr.Hodaforhis_____32_____tofeaturehiminavideo,andheagreed,believingittobeanimportantdemonstrationofwhatnewtechnologycouldachieve.Thevideowentviral.Mr.Nguyenexplainedinaninterviewthattheirsystemreliedonwidely_____33_____technologies.“Allthetoolswerethere.Wejusthadtheideatocombinethemtogether.”Headdedthattheyhadnodesiretocommercializethisprojectandhad_____34_____wantedtoshowitwaspossible.Healsoencouragedpeopleto_____35_____theirinformationfromdatabrokersitesthatcanrevealprivatedetails.21.A.guided B.challenged C.struck D.inspired22.A.recording B.charging C.loading D.reflecting23.A.helped B.approached C.questioned D.invited24.A.remember B.intend C.regret D.happen25.A.shocked B.amused C.embarrassed D.relieved26.A.solving B.organizing C.reforming D.covering27.A.novel B.poem C.work D.diary28.A.lookedfor B.goton C.wavedat D.signaledfor29.A.adventure B.encounter C.relationship D.task30.A.identifying B.locating C.observing D.consulting31.A.discovered B.placed C.based D.demonstrated32.A.forgiveness B.permission C.information D.application33.A.advertised B.unpopular C.available D.debated34.A.suddenly B.occasionally C.immediately D.simply35.A.remove B.obtain C.update D.analyze【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.A26.D27.C28.B29.B30.A31.D32.B33.C34.D35.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Nguyen和他的同学CaineArdayfio制作了一种用于实时识别陌生人的眼镜，并在地铁站为两个“真人”演示了这种眼镜，其中包括Hoda先生。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hoda先生被这名男子的厚框眼镜吓了一跳，但他没有意识到这是一副智能眼镜，一束小白光表明他们正在录像。A.guided指导；B.challenged挑战；C.struck惊呆，诧异；D.inspired激发。根据后文“bytheman’sthick-framedglasses,buthedidnotrealizethattheyweresmartglasses”可知，Hoda先生对这名男子的厚框眼镜惊呆了。故选C项。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.recording录音；B.charging收费；C.loading装载；D.reflecting反映。根据前文“hedidnotrealizethattheyweresmartglassesandthatasmallwhitelightindicatedthattheywere”可知，这是一副智能眼镜，一束小白光表明他们正在录像。故选A项。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：几分钟后，同一名男子，Harvard大三学生AnhPhuNguyen再次走近他，问道：“你是否碰巧从事社区问题的工作？”A.helped帮助；B.approached接近；C.questioned质疑；D.invited邀请。根据后文“himagainandasked”可知，几分钟后这名男子再次走近Hoda并问了问题。故选B项。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.remember记住；B.intend打算；C.regret后悔；D.happen发生，碰巧。根据前文“toworkoncommunityissues”可知，这名男子问Hoda是否碰巧从事社区问题的工作。happentodo是碰巧做某事的意思，故选D项。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Hoda先生很吃惊。A.shocked吃惊的；B.amused逗乐的；C.embarrassed尴尬的；D.relieved宽慰的。根据前文“Afewminuteslater,thesameman,aHarvardjuniorn