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考研英语(二)模拟试卷189

一、完形填空(本题共20题,每题7.0分,共20分。)

IfIaskyouwhatconstitutes"bad"eating,thekindthatleadstoobesityandavarietyof

connecteddiseases,you'relikelytoanswer,"Salt,fatandsugar."Yetthat'snota(n)

[Cl]answer.Wedon'tknoweverythingaboutthedietary[C2]to

chronicdisease,butthebest-qualifiedpeoplearguethatrealfoodismorelikelyto

promotehealthandlesslikelytocausediseasethanhyper-processedfood.Andwecan

further[C3]thatmessage:Minimallyprocessedfood-RealFood-should

[C4]ourdiets.Realfoodsolvesthesalt/fat/sugarproblem.Yes,excesssalt

maycausehighbloodpressure,and[C5]sodiumintakeinpeoplewithhigh

bloodpressurehelps.[C6]saltisonlyoneofseveralriskfactorsindeveloping

highbloodpressure,andthosewhoeatadiversedietandfewprocessedfoodsneednot

[C7]aboutsaltintake."Fat"isacomplicatedtopic.Mostnaturallyoccurring

fatsarcprobablyessential,buttoomuchofsomefatsseems[C8].Eatrealfood

[C9]yourfatintakewillprobablybefine."Sugar"hascometo[CIO]

theentiregroupofprocessed,nutritionallyworthlesscaloricsweeteners.All

appeartobedamagingbecausethey'readdedsugars,as[Cl1]tonaturally

occurringones.[C12]:Sugarisnottheonlyenemy.Theenemyishyper­

processedfood,[C13]sugar.Weknowthateatingrealfoodisageneral

solution,butalargepartofourdietaryproblemsmight[C14]fromthe

consumptionofcaloricsweetenersand/orhyper-processedcarbohydrate.Forexample,

howtolimittheintakeofsugar?Asodataxisa(n)[C15],properlabeling

wouldbehelpful,and-quitepossiblymostimportant,【Cl6]it'sgoingtotake

usagenerationortwotogetoutofthismess—restrictions[C17]marketing

sweet"food"tochildren.There'snoreasonto[C18]actiononthosekindsof

moves.Butlet'sgetthesciencestraightsothatfirm,[C19],sound

recommendationscanbemade[C20]thebestpossibleevidence.And

meanwhile,let'salsogetthesimplemessagestraight:It's"EatRealFood."

1、[Cl]

A、possible

B、adequate

C、familiar

D、insufficient

标准答案:B

知识点解析:根据第一段空格前的you'relikelyto和转折词Yel可知,做出的这个

answer"答案”是不充分的、差强人意的。adequate”充分的,差强人意的;胜任的“

与文中的否定词nol搭配,符合题意,故B.adequate为正确答案。possible"可能

的”,familiar“熟悉的",insufficient"不足的,不够的”均不符合题意,故排除。

2、[C2]

A、joins

B、control

C^links

D、integrations

标准答案:C

知识点解析:根据第二段第一句转折词but后面的内容,、真正的食物对健康更有

利,不容易导致疾病''可知,第一句介绍饮食和疾病的关系,link“关系,关联”代入

句中,最符合题意,且linkto表示“与...的关系,联系”,故C.links为正确答

案。join作为名词,表示“连接处,接合点”;control当“控制能力”讲时,是不可数

名词,且后面和01'/。梃「搭配;皿m8「3011当可数名词讲时,意为“结合,整合;

融合”,其后与with搭配。三项均不符合题意,故排除。

3、[C3]

A、refine

B、infer

C、update

D、shorten

标准答案:A

知识点解析:第二段主要介绍相比经过高度加工的食品,真正的食物对健康更有

利,不容易导致疾病。最后一句是对前面内容的概括和提炼。refine"提炼,精炼”

符合题意,故A.refine为正确答案。infer”推断,奉论,推理;暗示”表意没有

reEne更为精准,故不选。update”更新,使现代化”和shorten”缩短,变短”均不符

合题意,故排除。

4、[C4]

A、decide

B、replace

C^change

D、dominate

标准答案:D

知识点解析:第二段第一句表明高度加工的食品更容易导致疾病,由此可推断出极

少加工的食物应该是我们饮食的主体。dominate"支配,控制”符合题意,可恰当地

体现出“极少加工的食物''在我们日常饮食中的重要性,故D.dominate为正确答

案。dominate比decide“决定”更贴切。replace”代替,替换''和change”改变,变更”

不符合题意,故排除。

5、[C5]

A、lowering

B>balancing

C^increasing

D^stopping

标准答案:A

知识点解析:第三段第二句句意为“是的,过多的盐会导致高血压,钠的摄

入对高血压人群是有益的”,后半句是对前半句的进一步说明,故应填入的是表示

“减少”的词。A.lowering“降低,减少”符合题意,为正确答案。balance”平衡,均

衡,相抵",increase"增加,增大,增多",stop“停止”,均不符合语义和常识,故

排除。

6、[C6]

A^Indeed

B、Still

C、Unless

D、But

标准答案:D

知识点解析:根据空格前的内容可知,盐是导致高血压的因素。空格后通过0nly

强调了“盐只是导致高血压的几个风险因素之一”,前后信息是转折关系,故

D.Bui为正确答案。Indeed"的确,确实“表示递进,Still"尽管如此,依然''表示速

进,Unless”除非,如果不”表示条件,均不符合文中的逻辑关系,故排除。

7、[C7]

A、think

B、complain

C^ask

D、worry

标准答案:D

知识点解析:此处的句意为“那些饮食种类多样、很少食用加工食品的人,不需要

______盐摄入的问题”。worryabout"担忧,烦恼,操心”,符合题意,故D.,

worry为正确答案。thinkabout“考虑",complainabout”抱怨,投诉",askabout,询

问,打听,打探“,均不符合题意,故排除。

8、[C8]

A、meaningful

harmful

C、stressful

D、helpful

标准答案:B

知识点解析:此处的句意为“多数自然产生的脂肪可能都是必要的,但某类脂肪过

多似乎是”,根据前半部分的essential”必要的"和转折词bul可知,空格处需

要填入表示贬义的形容词,harmful"有害的"最符合题意,故B.hannful为正确答

案。meaningful”意味深长的,有意义的”和helpful“有帮助,有益的,有用的”属于

褒义,故排除。stressful“有压力的,紧张的”表意不准确,也排除。

9、[C9]

A、so

B、or

C^and

D、if

标准答案:C

知识点解析:此处考查的是,、祈使句+and+陈述句”句型,侧重点是连接词。在该句

型中,前一分句表示一种条件或假设,相当于if条件状语从句,后一分句表示一

种结果或推论。空格处所在的句子符合该句型,此句可变化为:Ifyoueatreal

food,yourfatintakewillprobablybefine,故C.and为正确答案。so”因此,所以“

表示因果;or"或者,否则,要不然”表示并列或选择;i广如果”表示条件,三项均

不符合题意。故排除。

10、[CIO]

A、reveal

B、represent

C、reserve

D、release

标准答案:B

知识点解析:空格后提到“整整一类经加工、无营养、高热量的甜味剂“,而“糖”是

这类甜味剂的代称,represent”代表,象征”符合题意,故B.represeni为正确答

案。reveal”显示.揭露“,reserve”储备,保留“,release”释放,放开”,均不符合题

意,故排除。

11、[C11]

A、similar

B、averse

C、opposed

D、objected

标准答案:c

知识点解析:根据句意“因为它们是添加糖,天然的糖''可知,此空应填入表

达“不同、有异于”等含义的词。opposed"相反的,相对的“,构成搭配asopposed

t。“与……相对”,符合题意,故C.opposed为正确答案。其他三项常用的搭配分

别是:besimilarto”与...相似",beaversetosth.“不喜欢某事/物”,beobjected

to(doing)sth.“反对做某事”,均不能准确表达文意,故排除。

12、[C12]

A、Insum

Asaresult

C、Forinstance

D^What'smore

标准答案:A

知识点解析:根据第三段最后四句对“糖''进行的具体介绍可知,倒数第二句

“:糖不是敌人,或者说不是唯一的敌人''是对前面内容的总结和概括,空格

后的冒号更加说明了这一点,故A.Insum“总而言之”为正确答案。AsaresulttS

此”,Forinstance”例如",What,smore”另外,而且“,均不符合题意,故排除。

13、[C13]

A、including

B、except

C^excluding

D、like

标准答案:A

知识点解析♦:作答此题时,考生需要了解“高度加工食品”和“糖”之间的包含关系。

由上文可知,“糖”已经成为经加工、无营养、高热量的甜味剂的代称,它们是有害

的,因为它们是添加糖,和天然的糖不一样,因此,此句中的“糖''属于高度加工的

食物,including"包括,包含”符合题意,故A.including为正确答案。except"除

去,不包括'、,强调所排除的“不包拈在内、、;excluding"除……外,不包括“;

like“像,如同”,均不符合题意,故排除。

14、[C14]

A、date

B、differ

C、refrain

D、stem

标准答案:D

知识点解析:此处的句意为“但我们的饮食问题,可能在相当程度卜是______高热

量甜味剂和(或)高度加工碳水化合物的摄入“,空格前后分别是“结果”和"原因”,

stemfrom”来自,起源于,由...造成''符合文意,故D.stem为正确答案。date

from“追溯到,起源于",后面一般接时间;differfrom“不同,区别于";refrain

from“忍住,抑制,制止”,均不符合题意,故排除。

15、[C15]

A、end

B、start

C^exception

D、warning

标准答案:B

知识点解析:根据上下文信息可知,前面是问题“如何限制糖的摄入”,后面是对该

问题的一个解决办法。start作为名词,表示“开始,起点”,代入文中可译为“首先

可以征收汽水税”,故B.start为正确答案。end”结果,终止”构成反向干扰,排

除;exception“例外”,warning"警告,预兆”,均不符合题意,故排除。

16、[C16]

A、although

B、when

C^while

D、because

标准答案:D

知识点解析:该空格位于插入语中,句意为”甚至很可能是最重要的,要走

出这片泥沼需要一两代人的时间''。根据句意可知,空格后面是对前面内容的解释

说明。两部分之间是因果关系,故D.because”因为,由于”为正确答案。

although”虽然,尽管”表示让步,when”当...的时候“表示时间,while”虽然,而"

表示让步和对比,三项均不符合文中逻辑关系,故排除。

17、[C17]

A、to

B、on

C、for

D、in

标准答案:B

知识点解析:此处的句意为“限制向儿童推销甜的‘食物与restriction搭配,表

示限制的具体内容或“在……方面限制”,用介词on,故B.on为正确答案。to,

for,in均不符合restriction的固定搭配,故排除。

18、[C18]

A、delay

B、take

C>abandon

D、give

标准答案:A

知识点解析:第四段讲到一些措施,第五段强调了这些举措的紧迫性,首句就指出

采取措施不容拖延,delay”延期,推迟,耽搁”代入句中,符合题意,即“我们没有

理由再拖延这些举措了",故A.delay为正确答案。由于空格前有表示否定的

no,所以takeaction”采取行动”构成了反向干扰,故排除。abandon”放弃,抛弃”,

give“给予”,均不符合题意,故排除。

19、[C19]

A、convincing

B、inspiring

C^interesting

D、exciting

标准答案:A

知识点解析:此处的句意为“但是让我们先从科学人手,得出坚实、、明智

的建议……”,所以空格处的形容词应该与前后的形容词意思相近。convincing”可

信的,令人相信的,有说服力的‘‘最符合题意,故A.convincing为正确答案。

inspiring“鼓舞人心的,激励的,启发灵感的",interesHng”有趣的,引起兴趣的”,

exciting“令人兴奋的”,均不符合题意.故排除。

20、[C20]

A^becauseof

B、basedon

C^connectedwith

D^thanksto

标准答案:B

知识点解析:根据空格前后的信息可知,文中表达的意思为“得出上述建议是建立

在尽可能充分的证据的基础上“,baseon”以……为依据,基于,立足于“符合题

意,故B.basedon为正确答案。becauseof'因为,由于”,connectedwith”与...

连接,与……有关”,thanksto”幸亏,多亏,由于”,均不符合题意,故排除。

二、阅读理解(本题共25题,每题分,共25分。)

WhenIaskexperiencedcollegeteachersandadministratorstodescribehowcollege

studentshavechangedovertheyears,1oftengetananswerlikethis,"Today'sstudents

aremoreaccomplishedthanpastgenerations,buttheyarealsomoreemotionallyfragile.M

Thatringstruetome.Today'sstudentsareamazing,buttheybatheoneanotherinoceans

ofaffirmationandpraise,asifsupportingoneanotheragainstsomeinsecurity.Whatever

onethinksofthecampusprotests,thedesirefortriggerwarningsandsafespacesdoes

seemtooriginatefromaplaceofemotionalfragility.Andifyouhangaroundthemiddle

aged,youhearacommonstorylinetoexplaintheriseoftheorchidgeneration.Once

uponatime,thestorylinegoes,kidswereraisedinatoughenvironment.Theyhadtodo

hardmanualchoresaroundthehouseandtheygotinfightsontheplayground.Thenthey

wentofftodogruelingworkinthefactoryortheylearnedtoughnessandgritinthe

military.Buttoday,helicopterparentsprotecttheirchildrenfromsetbacksandhardship.

Theysuperviseeveryplaygroundconflict,sokidsneverlearntohandledisputesordeal

withpain.Emotionalfragilityisnotonlycausedbyoverprotectiveparenting.It'salso

causedbyanythingthatmakesitharderforpeopletofindtheirgoals.Weareallfragile

whenwedon'tknowwhatourpurposeis,whenwehaven'tthrownourselveswith

abandonintoasocialrole,whenwehaven'tcommittedourselvestocertainpeople,when

wefeellikeaswimmerinanoceanwithnoedge.Ifyoureallywantpeopletobetough,

makethemidealisticforsomecause,makethemtenderforsomeotherperson,make

themcommittedtosomeworldviewthatputstoday'stemporarypaininthecontextofa

largerhope.Emotionalfragilityseemslikeapsychologicalproblem,butithasonlya

philosophicalanswer.Peoplearereallytoughonlyaftertheyhavetakenaleapoffaith

forsometruthormissionorlove.Oncethey'vedonethattheycanwithstandalot.

21、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,comparedwiththepastgenerations,today's

studentsare.

A^lesstalented

B、physicallyweak

C、moreversatileyetlesstough

D、moreidealistic

标准答案:C

知识点解析:细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段后半部分Today飞

studentsaremoreaccomplishedthanpastgenerations»buttheyarealsomore

emotionallyfragile,即现在的学生比前几代人有更多的成就,但是情感上也更脆

弱。A项“现在的学生没有前几代人聪明”、B项“现在的学生身体虚弱”均不符合文

章意思。D项“现在的学生更理想化”在文中找不到相关信息。C项意为“现在的学

生比前几代人聪明,但是却没那么坚强很明显,moreversatile是文中more

accomplished的同义替换,lesstough是moreemotionallyfragile的同义替换,故本

题选C。

22、Thefollowingaspectsareallthesymptomsoftoday'sstudentsonfragility

EXCEPTthatthey.

A、livebycomplimentingeachother

B、maylaunchcampaigninuniversitytoexpresstheiranger

C、supportthebeliefofeachother

D^yearnforsafetyinfaceofprotest

标准答案:C

知识点解析:细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第二段。A项意为“他们靠恭维

彼此生存“。compliment是对文中第二段第二句theybatheoneanotherinoceansof

affirmationandpraise的同义转换.故A项正确。B项意为“他们可能在大学发起抵

抗以表达自己的不满“,其中launchcampaign是对文中protest的同义替换,express

theiranger同义替换triggerwarning.故R项正确cD项意为“在面对抗议时.他们

渴望安全”,其中yearnforsafety是desireforsafespaces的同义替换,故D项正

确。C项“他们支持彼此的信仰“在原文找不到相关信息,故本题选C。

23、AccordingtoParagraph3,"orchidgeneration".

A、doesmuchworkathome

favorsthemilitarylife

C^livesagoodlifephysically

D^growsupunderhostilecircumstances

标准答案:C

知识点靖鬲:细节题。艰据题干关键词定位到文章第三段。分析第三段可知,“兰

花一代”并非像之前孩子那样在严苛的环境里长大,他们不用在家里做繁重的体力

劳动,也不用在部队里懂得什么叫强硬,由此可知A、D两项均错误。B项意为

“兰花一代喜欢部队生活”,文章虽有提到military一词,但其并未提及“兰花一代”

热爱部队生活,属无中生有,故B项错误,故本题选C。

24、Accordingtothepassage,whatisNOTthereasonwhypeoplefeelfragile?

A^Theyrefusetogetinvolvedintosociety.

B、Theydoubtthemeaningoflife.

C、Theyhavepsychologicalproblems.

D、Theymakenopromisestosomeone.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:细节题。限据题干关键词定位到文章第五段。A项是对该段第三句

wehaven'tthrownourselveswithabandonintoasocialrole的同义替换,其中,

o与getinvolvedinto表述含义一致,均意为“卷入;投身于B项

doubtthemeaningoflife是对该段第三句whenwedorTtknowwhatourpurposeis的

同义替换。D项makenopromisestosomeone是对该段第三句wehaven'tcommitted

ourselvestocertainpeople的同义替换。C项可定位到最后一段第一句Emotional

fragilityseemslikeapsychologicalproblem(情感脆弱看上去似乎是一道心理题),C

项偷换主语概念,表述错误,故本题选C。

25、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?

A、MakingModernToughness

AdmittingEmotionalFragility

C、SettingClearGoalsinLife

D、AvoidingOverprotectiveParenting

标准答案:A

知识点解析:主旨题。文章指出了现在的孩子情感脆弱的表现:父母对他们的过度

呵护和其难以找到自己的目标。作者在文章后两段提出了让孩子摆脱情感脆弱的方

法,从而变得强硬和坚毅。因此A项“培养现代人的坚毅品性”符合文意。B项“承

认情感脆弱”、C项"在生活中树立明确的目标”和D项“避免父母的过度保护”均是

对文章内容的部分概括,较为片面,故本题选A。

Runningmaybethesinglemosteffectiveexercisetoincreaselifeexpectancy,according

toanewreviewandanalysisofpastresearchaboutexerciseandprematuredeath.The

newstudyfoundthat,comparedtonon-runners,runnerstendedtoliveaboutthree

additionalyears,eveniftheyrunslowlyorsporadicallyandsmoke,drinkorare

overweight.Nootherformofexercisethatresearcherslookedatshowedcomparable

impactsonlifespan.Thefindingscomeasafollow-uptoastudydonethreeyearsago,in

whichagroupofdistinguishedexercisescientistsscrutinizeddatafromalargetroveof

medicalandfitnesstestsconductedattheCooperInstituteinDallas.Thatanalysisfound

thataslittleasfiveminutesofdailyrunningwasassociatedwithprolongedlifespans.

Afterthatstudywasreleased,theresearcherswereinundatedwithqueriesfromfellow

scientistsandthegeneralpublic,saysDuck-chulLee,aprofessorofkinesiologyatIowa

StateUniversityandco-authorofthestudy.Somepeopleaskedifotheractivities,suchas

walking,werelikelytobeasbeneficialasrunningforreducingmortalityrisks.High-

mileagerunnerswonderediftheycouldbedoingtoorr.uch,andifatsomeundefined

numberofmilesorhours,runningmightbecomecountei*productiveandevencontribute

toprematuremortality.Andafewpeoplequestionedwhetherrunningreallyadded

materiallytopeople'slifespans.Coulditbe,theyaskedratherpeevishly,thatifinorder

toreduceyourriskofdyingbyayear,youhadtospendtheequivalentofayear'sworth

oftimeonthetrailsortrack,producingnodiscerniblenetgain?Soforthenewstudy,

whichwaspublishedinMarchinProgressinCardiovascularDisease,Leeandhis

colleaguessetouttoaddressthoseandrelatedissuesbyreanalyzingdatafromtheCooper

Instituteandalsoexaminingresultsfromanumberofotherlarge-scalerecentstudies

lookingintotheassociationsbetweenexerciseandmortality.Overall,thisnewreview

reinforcedthefindingsoftheearlierresearch,thescientistsdetermined.Cumulatively,

thedataindicatedthatrunning,whateversomeone'spaceormileage,droppedaperson's

riskofprematuredeathbyalmost40%,abenefitthatheldtrueevenwhentheresearchers

controlledforsmoking,drinkingandahistoryofhealthproblemssuchashypertensionor

obesity.

26、ItisimpliedinParagraph1thatrunners.

A、oftenrunslowlyoroccasionally

B、maylivealifethatisalittlelongerthanthenon-runners

C^arefondofdrinkingorsmoking

D、canliveahealthylife

标准答案:B

知识点解析:推断题。艰据题干关键词定位到文章第一段。A项跑步者“跑得很慢

或三天打鱼两天晒网”和C项跑步者“喜欢喝酒和抽烟”均与文中evenif由eynan

slowlyorsporadicallyandsmoke,drink不相符,在文中仅仅是一种让步的表述,故

错误。D项“过健康的生活”并未在文中提及,因此错误。通过原文comparedt。

non-runners,runnerstendedtoliveaboutthreeadditionalyears可知,B项符合题意,

故本题选B。

27、Theanalysisofthemedicalandfitnesstestsshowedthat.

A、dailyrunningplayedanimportantroleinprolonginglifespans

B、fiveminutes'dailyrunningwastotallyenoughinprolonginglifespans

C、dailyrunningcouldnotreducemortalityrisks

D、dailyrunningmightenhancepeople'ssenseofhappiness

标准答案:A

知识点解析:细节题。艰据题干关键词定位到文章第二段最后一句Thatanalysis

foundthataslittleasfiveminutesofdailyrunningwasassociatedwithprolongedlife

spansoA项意为“每天跑步在延长寿命方面扮演着直要角色”,其中playedan

importantrole是对wasassocitedwith的同义替换,故正确。B项多了totally一词,

过于绝对,故错误。C项意为“每天跑步不能降低死亡风险”,其与文中第三段最后

一句asbeneficialasrunningforreducingmortalityrisks相悖,故错误。D项意为“每

天跑步可以增强人们的幸福感'',其在文中不能找到相关信息,因此错误,故本题

选Ao

28、Thefollowingaspectsarethereasonswhytheresearcherswereinundatedwith

queriesEXCEPTthat.

A、somepeoplewonderedifwalkingwaslikelytobeasgoodasrunning

B、high-mileagerunnersdoubtedwhetherrunningmightleadtoprematuredeath

C、afewpeoplequestionedwhetherrunningreallyaddedmateriallytopeople'slife

spans

D^somepeopleaskedcalmlywhetheritisworthwhiletospendthewholeyearon

running

标准答案:D

知识点解析:细节题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第三段。A项意为“一些人想知

道散步是否和跑步一样有益”,其是对该段最后一句Somepeopleaskedifother

activities,suchaswalking,werelikelytobeasbeneficialasrunningforreducing

mortalityrisks的同义替奥,故正确。入项意为“长距离跑步者想知道跑步是否可导

致过早死亡,其是对第四段第一句的同义替换,故正确。CJ页是第五段第一句的

内容,故正确。D项关键词calmly意为“冷静地”,该词与文章第五段第二句关键词

peevishly(暴躁地)意思相悖,因此错误,故本题选D。

29、Accordingtothepassage,thenewreviewindicatedthat.

A、findingsoftheearlierresearchwerewrong

ninningcouldnotnecessarilyloweraperson'sriskofprematuredeath

C、runningwasbeneficialtopeople'shealth

D、peoplewithsmoking,drinkingandotherhealthproblemsarenotmentionedtorun

标准答案:C

知识点解析:细节题。艰据题干关键词定位到文章最后一段。分析该段可知:科学

证实先前对于每天跑步的研究发现是正确的;跑步可以降低人们过早死亡的风险;

剔除吸烟、饮酒以及其池健康问题,每天跑步是有益处的。因此,A、B、D三项

均错误。而且,文章第五段是在说明跑步的好处,故本题选C。

30、Theauthor,sattitudetowardrunningis.

A^indifferent

B、approval

C、objective

D^uncertain

标准答案:c

知识点解析:态度题。分析文章可知:一、二段说明了跑步有益于延长生命;三、

四、五段指出很多人对“跑步有益于延长生命”存在质疑:六、七段证实了“跑步有

益于延长生命”这一观点。由此可知,作者只是客观地陈述了先前的研究发现,道

出了人们的质疑,并没有表明自己的态度。立场中立,故本题选C。

TherearemanyreasonsfbrthesorryslateofcommercialaviationinAmerica.ButIcome

toyouasatechnologycolumnisttotellyouthattechnology,too,hasfailedyou.People

inSiliconValleypridethemselvesontheircapacitytoupendentrenchedindustries.Uber

defeatedtaxicartels.Airbnbmadegettingaroomcheaperandmoreaccessible.

Streamingservicesarcundoingthecablebusiness.Yettheairlineindustryhasnotjust

stubbornlyresistedinnovationtoimprovecustomersenice—inmanyways,technology

hasonlyfueledtheindustry'sracetothebottom."Theairlineindustryhasbeenona

steadydownwardtrajectorywhenitcomestocustomerservicefbrnearly40years."said

HenryH.Harteveldt.HenotedthatAmericancarrierswereimprovingonsomemetrics-

on-timcserviceisup,baggagelossisdownandpriceskeepgettingbetter.Andwhat

keepsdeterioratingarecomfortandqualityofserviceforlow-endpassengers,headded.

Airlineskeeptackingonseparatefeesforamenitiesweusedtoconsiderpartoftheflight.

Andcustomerskeepgoingalongwithit."ConsumershaveshownthattheyYewillingto

pulupwithanawfullot,includinglackofamenities,mediocreorworsecustomerservice

andmoretosavemoney,"Harteveldtsaid."Andtheairlineindustryhasevolvedtomeet

thatdesireforcheapfares."Partoftheproblemishowwebuyticketstoday.Thewhole

systemismercilesslytransactional.Customerservice-thatis,howtheairlinetreats

you——isn'toftenpartofthetransaction.Asaresult,airlineshavelittleincentivetoreform

themselves.Cantechnologyimprovehowairlineswork?Somepeoplehaveideasfor

howthatmayhappen.Oneofthemisobviousandsensible:customerreviews.Lastyear

TripAdvisorbeganratingairlines.Itsnewrankings,releasedthisweek,showthat

overall,airlinesgetanaverageratingof3.7outof5fromcustomers.Thatissmall

potatoes,though.Abiggerdisruptionwouldcomefromalteringhowwepayforairfares.

InthesamewaythatNetflixchangedtheDVDbusinessbychargingamonthlyfee,some

consultantsarguethatamembershipfeecouldradicallyimproveflying.Youronly

technologicalhopeforbetterserviceisyoursmartphonecameraandtheviralpushof

socialnetworks.

31、TheelitefromSiliconValleymayfeelsoproudofthefollowingthingsEXCEPT

(hat.

A、Airbnbmakespeoplegetaroommorecheaper

UberAPPhaswoninthewarwithTaxi

CNthequalityofserviceinaircraftindustryraisestoahigherlevel

D、accessingtoinformationbecomesmorequickly

标准答案:C

知识点解析:细节题。取据题干关键词定位到文章第一段第三句PeopleinSilicon

Valleypridethemselvesontheircapacitytoupendentrenchedindustries,该句后作者依

次列出具体的行业颠覆现象。A项是文中Airbnbmadegettingaroomcheaper的复

现,B项是文中Uberdefeatedtaxicartels现象的同义转换。D项”获取信息更加快

速”是文中Streamingservicesareundoingthecablebusiness(流媒体服务正在取代有

线电视业务)的具体说明。C项“航空'止的服务质量提高到更高水平”与文中Yetthe

airlineindustryhasnotjuststubbornlyresistedinnovationtoimprovecustomer

service(而航空业不仅坚决抵制改善客户服务的创新)意思相悖,故本题选C。

32、AccordingtoHenryH.Harteveldt,whathasbeenimprovedinAmericanairline

industryis.

A^ticketprice

B、customerservice

C、comfortlevel

D、securitycheck

标准答案:A

知识点解析:细节题。艰据题干关键词定位到文章第二段第二句Henotedthat

Americancarrierswereimprovingonsomemetrics-on-timeserviceisup,baggage

lossisdownandpriceskeepgellingbetter,该句意为"他指出,美国航空公司在某些

方面有所改进——准点率提高,行李遗失率降低,价格持续降低”,故A项“票价

有所改善“正确。B项与该段第一句“近40年来。航空业在客户服务方面处于持续

下滑的轨道''相悖。C项与该段最后一句“不断恶化的是低端乘客的舒适程度和获得

的服务质量”意思相悖。D项“安检”在文中未提及,故本题选A。

33、WhichisNOTthereasonwhytheaircraftindustriesdonothavethemotivationto

reformthemselves?

A、Theairlineindustrieshaveofferedcheapfarestocustomers.

Theairlineindustrieshavemadebaggagelossdown.

C、Thecustomersarewillingtotoleratelowqualityofservice.

D、Theserviceisnotregardedasthepartofthemercilesslytransactionalsystem.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:细节题。艰据题干关键词定位到文章第三段最后一句Asaresult,

airlineshavelittleincentivetoreformthemselves,题干关键词motivation是该句关键

词incentive的同义替换。A、C两项在第三段均有所提及且它们是“导致航空业没

动力进行改革''的原因。D项”服务并不认为是整个无情交易系统的一部分”是该段

倒数第二句coustomerservice一isn'toftenpartofthetransaction的复现。B项“行李

遗失率降低”是航空公司有所改进的方面,并不足“没动力进行改革”的原因,故本

题选

34、Thesentence"Thatissmallpotatoes,though."(Para.4)mostprobablymeans

customerreview.

A^docsn'tmakesenseinimprovingservice

isnotwelcomedinimprovingservice

C^isaobviousandsensiblewayofimprovingairlineworks

D^hasslightinfluenceonimprovingservice

标准答案:D

知识点解析:含义题。眼据题干关键词定位到文章最后一段第六句Thatissmall

potatoes,though,根据上下文信息可知,that指代"为改善航空业服务质量所提出

的解决方罢——客户评论“,A、B两项均是对该方案的否定,C项所阐述的内容可

在该段第三句Oneofthemisobviousandsensible:customerreviews找到相关信息,

但与题干意思不相关。D项“对改善服务有较小的影响”与文中smallpotatoes(小打

小闹的解决方案)所表述的意思一致,故本题选D。

35Accordingtothelastparagraph,someconsumersthinkthatthewaytothoroughly

improvethequalityofserviceis.

A、cubluiiicireviews

B、viralpushofnetworks

C>membershipfee

D、phonecamera

标准答案:C

知识点解析:细节题。限据题干关键词定位到文中最后一段倒数第二句some

consultantsarguethatamembershipfeecouldradicallyimproveflyingo该句意为“有些

顾问认为,会员费可以从根本上改善飞行体验”,其中radically是题干关键词

thoroughly的同义替换,故正确。A、B、D三项均是改善服务质量的方法,但却不

能从根本上改善,故本题选C。

Speakingtwolanguagesratherthanjustonehasobviouspracticalbenefitsinan

increasinglyglobalizedworld.Butinrecentyears,scientistshavebeguntoshowthatthe

advantagesofbilingual-ismareevenmorefundamentalthanbeingabletoconversewith

awiderrangeofpeople.Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhavea

profoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageand

evenshieldingagainstdementiainoldage.Thisviewofbilingualismisremarkably

differentfromtheunderstandingofbilingualismthroughmuchofthe20lhcentury.

Researchers,educatorsandpolicymakerslongconsideredasecondlanguagetobean

interferencethathinderedachild'sacademicandintellectualdevelopment.Theywerenot

wrongabouttheinterference:thereisampleevidencethatinabilingual*sbrainboth

languagesystemsareactiveevenwhenheisusingonlyonelanguage,thuscreating

situationsinwhichonesystemobstructstheother.Butthisinterference,researchersarc

findingout,isn'tsomuchahandicapasablessingindisguise.Itforcesthebrainto

resolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitive

muscles.Acollectiveevidencefromanumberofstudiessuggeststhatthebilingual

experienceimprovesthebrain*sso-calledexecutivefunction—acommandsystemthat

directstheattentionprocessesthatweuseforplanning,solvingproblemsandperforming

variousothermentallydemandingtasks.Theseprocessesincludeignoringdistractionsto

stayfocused,switchingattentionwillfullyfromonetilingtoanotherandholding

informationinmind,likerememberingasequenceofdirectionswhiledriving.Andthe

keydifferencebetweenbilingualsandmonolingualsmaybemorebasic:aheightened

abilitytomonitortheenvironment."Bilingualshavetoswitchlanguagesquiteoften,you

maytalktoyourfatherinonelanguageandtoyourmotherinanotherlanguage/'says

AlbertCosta,aresearcherattheUniversityofPompeuFabrainSpain."Itrequires

keepingtrackofchangesaroundyouinthesamewaythatwemonitoroursurroundings

whendriving."InastudycomparingGerman-ItalianbilingualswithItalianmonolinguals

onmonitoringtasks,Mr.Costaandhiscolleaguesfoundthatthebilingualsubjectsnot

onlyperformedbetter,buttheyalsodidsowithlessactivityinpartsofthebraininvolved

inmonitoring,indicatingthattheyweremoreefficientatit.

36、Wccanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthatbeingbilingual.

A、canmakeyoumoreintelligent

canimproveyourbehavioralcompetence

C、maykeepyouphysicallyhealthyinoldage

D、canhelpyoutalkwithmorepeople

标准答案:A

知识点解析:细节题。艰据题干关键词定位到文章第一段,A项“拥有双语可以使

你更聪明”,其中moreinlelligenl是对该段第三句中smarter的同义替换,故A项正

确。B项中的behavioralcompetence意为“行为能力”,其整体意思是“双语可以提高

你的行为能力该段第四句后半部分指出“双语可以提高你的认知能力”,由此可

知B项错误。C项意为“双语可使你在老年保持身体健康”,然而该段第四句指出

“双语保护你抗击老年痴呆症”,由此可知C项夸大了具体细节,故错误。D项意为

“双语可使你和更多的人交谈”,这仅是双语的一个优势,然而并不是最重要的优

势。且该段的中心思想是:双语使人更聪明。故本题选A。

37、Researchers,educatorsandpolicymakersthroughmuchofthe20thcenturythought

thatbilin-gualism.

A、developedchildren5slearningability

B、impededchildren'scevelopmentinlearning

C^improvedchildren'sinielligence

D、strenghtenedchildren'scognitiveskills

标准答案:B

知识点解析:细节题。眼据题干关键词定位到文章第二段第二句Researchers,

educatorsandpolicymakerslongconsideredasecondlanguagetobeaninterferencethat

hinderedac

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