机构研究报告-Foster care and adoption in the United States-外文版培训课件

POLITICS

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SOCIETYFostercareandadoptionintheUnitedStatesCHAPTER

01OverviewLivingarrangementsofchildrenunder18yearsoldintheUnitedStatesfrom1970to2022(in1,000s)U.S.children'slivingarrangementsfrom1970-2022TwoparentsOneparent(motherorfather)*Noparents**80,00070,00060,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,00001970

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2022Year3Description:In2022,about19.22millionchildrenintheUnitedStateslivedwithoneparent.Afurther51.45millionchildrenlivedwithtwoparentsinthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1970to2022;childrenunder18yearsonly;*Detailedfiguresforchildrenlivingwitheitheramotherorafatheronlycanbefoundhere.**Childrenlivingwithotherrelativesornon-relativesonly(detailedfiguresforbothat[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):USCensusBureauNumberofchildrenunder18yearslivinginU.S.householdsin2023,byrelationshiptohouseholder(in1,000s)NumberofchildrenintheU.S.,byrelationshiptohouseholder202370,00059,813.5260,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,00005,883.592,314.13Stepchild1,891.811,355.461,210.47BiologicalchildGrandchildOtherrelativesAdoptedchildFosterchildorotherunrelatedchild4Description:In2023,around1.2millionchildrenintheUnitedStateswerefosterchildrenorunrelatedtotheirhouseholds'householder.Furthermore,about59.8millionchildrenwerelivingwiththeirbiologicalparents.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2023;Childrenunder18yearsonlySource(s):USCensusBureau;USDepartmentofCommerceNumberofchildreninfostercareintheUnitedStatesfrom2007to2022FostercareintheU.S.-numberofchildren2007-2022475,000455,000435,000415,000395,000375,000355,00020072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120225Description:In2022,about368,530childrenintheUnitedStateswerelivinginfostercare.Thisisasharpdecreasefromthepreviousyear,whenabout407,318childrenwerelivinginfostercarenationwide.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2007to2022Source(s):AdministrationforChildren&Families;USDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesNumberofchildrenwaitingtobeadoptedintheUnitedStatesfrom2007to2022FostercareintheU.S.-numberofchildrenwaitingforadoption2007-2022160,000140,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,000020072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120226Description:In2022,about108,877childrenintheUnitedStateswerewaitingtobeadopted.Thisisadecreasefromahighof133,682childrenwhowerewaitingtobeadoptednationwidein2007.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2007to2022Source(s):AdministrationforChildren&Families;USDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesNumberofincomingintercountryadoptionstotheU.S.inFY2021,bystateIntercountryadoptionstotheU.S.-incomingnumber2021,bystateNumberofadoptions800204060100120140160180CaliforniaTexas156146Illinois83Virginia82Florida79NewYorkGeorgia797070MarylandNorthCarolinaPennsylvaniaWashingtonAlabamaOhio68676557547Description:Inthefiscalyearof2021,about156childrenfromothercountrieswereadoptedbyAmericanfamilieslivinginCalifornia,thehighestofanyU.S.state.Texas,Illinois,Virginia,andFloridaroundedoutthetopfivestatesforintercountryadoptionsinthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;FY2021Source(s):BureauofConsularAffairs;USDepartmentofStateCHAPTER

02FostercareNumberofchildrenenteredinfostercareintheUnitedStatesfrom2007to2021FostercareintheU.S.-numberofchildrenenteringcare2007-2021350,000300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,00002007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020219Description:In2021,about206,812childrenintheUnitedStatesenteredintofostercareinthatyear.Thisisadecreasefromthepreviousyear,when216,842childrenacrossthecountryenteredintofostercare.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2007to2021Source(s):AdministrationforChildren&Families;USDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesNumberofchildrenexitedfromfostercareintheUnitedStatesfrom2007to2021FostercareintheU.S.-numberofchildrenexitingcare2007-2021350,000300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,000020072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202110Description:In2021,around214,971childrenintheUnitedStatesexitedfostercareinthatyear.Thisisadecreasefromthepreviousyear,whenabout224,425childrenacrossthecountryexitedfostercare.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2007to2021Source(s):AdministrationforChildren&Families;USDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesNumberofchildreninfostercareintheUnitedStatesin2021,bygenderFostercareintheU.S.-numberofchildren2021,bygender250,000199,969200,000150,000100,00050,0000191,037MaleFemale11Description:In2021,therewereslightlymoreboysinfostercareintheUnitedStatesthangirls.Inthatyear,about191,037childreninfostercarewerefemale,representingalittlelessthanhalfofthetotalchildreninfostercare.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;asofSeptember30,2021Source(s):AdministrationforChildren&Families;USDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesNumberofchildreninfostercareintheUnitedStatesin2022,byageFostercareintheU.S.-numberofchildren2022,byage35,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,0000Lessthan1year1234567891011121314151617181920Ageinyears12Description:In2022,about25,338childrenunderone-year-oldintheUnitedStateswerelivinginfostercare.Inthatsameyear,about20,163childrenaged16yearsoldwerelivinginfostercarenationwide.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;September30,2022Source(s):AdministrationforChildren&Families;USDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesNumberofchildreninfostercareintheUnitedStatesin2021,byrace/ethnicityFostercareintheU.S.-numberofchildren2021,byrace/ethnicityNumberofchildren60,000

80,000020,00040,000100,000120,000140,000160,000180,000168,063WhiteBlackorAfricanAmericanHispanic(ofanyrace)86,64585,215Twoormoreraces30,701AmericanIndian/AlaskanNativeUnknown/unabletodetermineAsian9,3937,1442,025987NativeHawaiian/otherPacificIslander13Description:In2021,therewere168,063whitechildreninfostercareintheUnitedStates.Thisiscomparedto86,645BlackorAfricanAmericanchildrenand85,215Hispanicchildrenwhowereinfostercare.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;September30,2021Source(s):AdministrationforChildren&Families;USDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesNumberofchildreninfostercareintheUnitedStatesin2021,byplacementsettingsFostercareintheU.S.-numberofchildren2021,byplacementsettingsNumberofchildren60,000

80,000020,00040,000100,000120,000140,000160,000180,000200,000Pre-AdoptiveHomeFosterfamilyhome(relative)Fosterfamilyhome(non-relative)GrouphomeInstitutionSupervisedindependentlivingRunawayTrialhomevisit14Description:In2021,themajorityofchildrenlivinginfostercareintheUnitedStateswerelivinginfosterhomes.Inthatyear,about171,627childrenwerelivinginafosterfamilyhomewithpeopletowhomtheywerenotrelated.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;September30,2021Source(s):AdministrationforChildren&Families;USDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesNumberofchildreninfostercareintheUnitedStatesin2021,bycasegoalsFostercareintheU.S.-numberofchildren2021,bycasegoalsNumberofchildren50,000

100,0000150,000200,000201,297250,000Reunifywithparent(s)orprimarycaretaker(s)Adoption105,681EmancipationCaseplangoalnotyetestablishedGuardianship17,75921,05315,797Livewithotherrelative(s)Longtermfostercare13,2587,04615Description:IntheUnitedStates,thegoalinthemajorityoffostercarecaseswastoreunitechildrenwiththeirparentsorprimarycaretakers.In2021,thiswasthecasefor201,297children,orabout53percentofthechildreninthefostercaresystem.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;September30,2021Source(s):AdministrationforChildren&Families;USDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesNumberofchildreninfostercareintheUnitedStatesin2021,bytimeincareFostercareintheU.S.-numberofchildren2021,bytimeincareNumberofchildren30,000

40,000010,00020,00017,32250,00060,00070,00080,000Lessthan1month1-5months74,97673,0466-11months12-17months18-23months24-29months30-35months3-4years52,95645,31035,28723,29623,49345,4105yearsormore16Description:IntheUnitedStates,mostchildrenlivinginfostercarewereinfostercarefortwoyearsorless.However,in2021,about23,493childrenlivinginfostercarewereinfostercareforfiveyearsormore.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;September30,2021Source(s):AdministrationforChildren&Families;USDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesNumberofchildrenexitingfostercareintheUnitedStatesin2022,byreasonsfordischargeFostercareintheU.S.-numberofchildrenexiting2022,byreasonsfordischargeNumberofchildren20,000

30,000

40,000010,00050,00060,00070,00080,00090,000100,000ReunificationwithparentsorprimarycaretakersAdoption91,11552,985Guardianship22,84218,538EmancipationLivingwithotherrelativesTransfertoanotheragency11,1322,198Runaway

462Deathofchild

42017Description:IntheUnitedStates,mostchildrenwhoexitedfostercare,abouthalf,exitedduetoreunificationwiththeirparentsorprimarycaregivers.In2022,about91,115childrenexitedfostercareinthismanner.Afurther52,985childrenexitedthefostercaresystemthroughadoption.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;FY2022Source(s):AdministrationforChildren&Families;USDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesCHAPTER

03AdoptionNumberofchildrenadoptedwithpublicchildwelfareagencyinvolvementintheUnitedStatesfrom2007to2022FostercareintheU.S.-numberofadoptedwithpublicagencyinvolvement2007-202270,00060,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,0000200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202219/statistics/255376/number-of-children-adopted-with-public-child-welfare-agency-involved-in-the-usIn2022,about53,665childrenintheUnitedStateswereadoptedwiththeinvolvementofthepublicchildwelfareagency.Thisisadecreasefromthepreviousyear,when54,240childrenwereadoptedwithpublicchildwelfareagencyinvolvement.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2007to2022Source(s):AdministrationforChildren&Families;USDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesNumberofchildrenadoptedwithpublicagencyinvolvementintheUnitedStatesinFY2021,byethnicityEthnicdistributionofadoptedchildrenintheU.S.FY202130,00027,14525,00020,00015,00010,9919,08710,0005,00005,046916586210168WhiteHispanic(ofanyrace)BlackorAfrican

TwoormoreracesAmericanAmericanIndian/AlaskanNativeUnknown/UnabletoDetermineAsianNativeHawaiian/OtherPacificIslander20Description:Inthefiscalyearof2021,27,145ofthechildrenadoptedintheUnitedStateswithpublicagencyinvolvementwerewhite.Inthatsameyear,afurther10,991childrenadoptedinthecountrywereHispanic.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;FY2021Source(s):AdministrationforChildren&FamiliesNumberofchildrenadoptedwithpublicagencyinvolvementintheUnitedStatesinFY2021,byageDistributionofchildageattimeofadoptionU.S.FY20219,0008,0007,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,0000Less

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years21Description:Inthefiscalyearof2021,7,622childrenadoptedwithpublicagencyinvolvementintheUnitedStatesweretwoyearsoldatthetimeofadoption.Inthatsamefiscalyear,about6,015childrenadoptedinthecountrywereoneyearoldatthetimeoftheiradoption.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;FY2021Source(s):AdministrationforChildren&FamiliesNumberofchildrenbeingadoptedwithpublicagencyinvolvementintheUnitedStatesin2021,byadoptivefamilystructureAdoptionintheU.S.-numberofadoptedchildren2021,byfamilystructure40,00035,94035,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,000013,3072,0081,799MarriedcoupleSinglefemaleSinglemaleUnmarriedcouple22Description:In2021,about35,940childrenwhowereadoptedintheUnitedStateswithpublicagencyinvolvementwereadoptedbyamarriedcouple.Inthatsameyear,afurther13,307childreninthecountrywereadoptedbyasinglewoman.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;FY2021Source(s):AdministrationforChildren&Families;USDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesNumberofchildrenadoptedwithpublicagencyinvolvementintheUnitedStatesinthefiscalyearof2021,byprioradoptiveparent-childrelationshipNumberofadoptionsintheU.S.2021,byprioradoptiveparent-childrelationship30,00027,91225,00020,00015,00010,0005,000017,3455,018100FosterparentOtherrelativeNon-relativeStepparent23Description:Duringthefiscalyearof2021,27,912childrenwhowereadoptedintheUnitedStateswithpublicagencyinvolvementwereadoptedbytheirfosterparents.Inthatsameyear,afurther5,018childrenwereadoptedbyanon-relative.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;Fiscalyear2021Source(s):AdministrationforChildren&FamiliesNumberofchildrenadoptedwithpublicagencyinvolvementintheUnitedStatesinFY2021,bytimebetweenterminationofparentalrightsandadoptionTimebetweenterminationofparentalrightsandadoptionU.S.FY202118,00016,00014,00012,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,0000Lessthan1month1to5months

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3to4years5yearsormore24Description:ForthemajorityofchildrenintheUnitedStates,lessthanoneyearelapsedbetweentheterminationofparentalrightsandbeingadopted.Inthefiscalyearof2021,15,790childrenintheU.S.wereadoptedsixto11monthsaftertheterminationofparentalrights.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;FY2021Source(s):AdministrationforChildren&FamiliesNumberofterminationsofparentalrightsintheUnitedStatesfromthefiscalyearof2008to2021AnnualterminationsofparentalrightsintheU.S.FY2008-202190,00079,50080,00070,00060,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,000071,60071,90071,90069,90066,00065,50065,00063,80062,10062,20061,20058,90058,4002008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202125Description:Inthefiscalyearof2021,parentalrightswereterminated65,000timesintheUnitedStates.Thisisanincreasefromthepreviousyear,whenparentalrightswereterminatedin63,800casesnationwide.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;FY2008to2021Source(s):AdministrationforChildren&FamiliesCHAPTER

04IntercountryadoptionLeadingcountriesforintercountryadoptionsintotheUnitedStatesinFY2023LeadingcountriesforintercountryadoptionsintotheU.S.2023250221200200150100508382800IndiaColombiaBulgariaUkraineHaiti27Description:Inthefiscalyearof2023,221childrenwhowereadoptedbyAmericanfamilieswerefromIndia.Inthatsamefiscalyear,afurther200childrenadoptedbyAmericanswerefromColombia,and83werefromBulgaria.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;FY2023Source(s):BureauofConsularAffairs;USDepartmentofStateShareofintercountryadoptionsinvolvingtheUnitedStatesin2022,bygenderIntercountryadoptionsinvolvingtheU.S.2022,bygenderMale48.19%Female51.81%28Description:Inthefiscalyearof2022,about51.81percentofchildrenadoptedfromabroadintheUnitedStateswerefemale.Inthatfiscalyear,therewere1,517intercountryadoptionscompletedintheUnitedStates.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022;1,517adoptionsSource(s):BureauofConsularAffairs;USDepartmentofStateNumberofintercountryadoptionsinvolvingtheUnitedStatesin2022,byageIntercountryadoptionsinvolvingtheU.S.2022,byageNumberofadoptions3000100200400500600700Under1year1-2years433803-4years2595-12years13-17years18andolder5932172529Description:In2022,43inter-countryadoptionsinvolvingachildlessthanoneyearoldwereprocessedintheUnitedStates.Additionally,593childrenbetweentheagesoffiveand12yearsoldwereadoptedfromabroad.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022Source(s):BureauofConsularAffairs;USDepartmentofStateOutgoing(emigrating)adoptionsprocessedintheUnitedStatesinFY2023,byreceivingcountryEmigratingadoptionsintheU.S.2023,byreceivingcountry1211108655421110NetherlandsCanadaIrelandAustriaNorwaySwitzerland30Description:Inthefiscalyearof2023,atotalof11AmericanchildrenwereadoptedbyfamilieslivingintheNetherlands.Furthermore,inthatsamefiscalyear,fiveAmericanchildrenwereadoptedbyfamilieslivinginCanada.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;FY2023Source(s):BureauofConsularAffairs;USDepartmentofStateAveragenumberofdaystocompletionofintercountryadoptionsintheUnitedStatesinFY2023,byconventioncountryIntercountryadoptionsintheU.S.-averagenumberofdaystocompletion2023Numberofdaystocompletion02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,600ChinaHaiti1,509989GhanaGuinea918918ThailandMexico892882869865856832PhilippinesBurundiUnitedKingdomBurkinaFasoLatvia688685HongKongSARZambia66031/statistics/255466/average-number-of-days-to-completion-of-intercountry-adoptions-into-the-us-by-convention-countryInthefiscalyearof2023,ittookabout296daysonaveragetoadoptachildfromHungaryintheUnitedStates.ForchildrenadoptedfromChina,thiswasmuchhigher,standingat1,509daysonaveragetocompleteanadoptiontotheUnitedStates.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;FY2023;*ConventioncountryreferstoadoptionsincountrieswhohavesignedtheHagueAdoptionConvention.Furtherinformationcanbeaccessedhere.ThefiscalyearrunsfromOctober1toSeptember30.

ReadmoreSource(s):BureauofConsularAffairs;USDepartmentofStateMedianASPConventionadoptionfeesofintercountryadoptionsintotheUnitedStatesinFY2023,byconventioncountry(inU.S.dollars)IntercountryadoptionsintotheU.S.-adoptionfees2023,bycountryMedianfeesinU.Sdollars010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,000Congo,RepublicofBrazil54,16553,07552,130MoldovaAlbaniaKyrgyzstanSouthAfricaHaiti51,66551,55348,19548,175Burundi47,344BurkinaFasoSerbia47,05946,639Vietnam45,195ColombiaHungary45,09044,88032Description:Inthefiscalyearof2023,adoptingachildfromtheUnitedKingdomintotheUnitedStatesinvolvedASPConventionadoptionfeesofabout37,476U.S.dollars.ASPConventionadoptionfeeswerehighestforadoptionsfromtheRepublicofCongointhatyear,totalingtoabout54,165U.S.dollars.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;FY2023;*ConventioncountryreferstoadoptionsincountrieswhohavesignedtheHagueAdoptionConvention.ThetermASPstandsforadoptionserviceprovider.Furtherinformationcanbeaccessedhere.Thefiscalyear[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):BureauofConsularAffairs;USDepartmentofStateCHAPTER

05U.S.opinionShareofAmericanswhohaveafavorableopinionofprivate,foster,andinternationaladoptionintheUnitedStatesin2021,byraceU.S.favorabilityofdifferenttypesofadoption2021,byracePrivateinfantadoption51%AdoptionofachildfromthefostercaresystemInternationaladoption60%50%40%30%20%10%0%50%46%44%42%34%32%30%22%WhiteHispanicBlack34/statistics/1425800/us-favorability-of-different-types-of-adoption-by-raceAccordingtoasurveyconductedin2021,46percentofWhiteAmericanshadafavorableopinionofprivateinfantadoptionintheUnitedStates.Incomparison,44percentofHispanicAmericansand32percentofBlackAmericanssharedthisbelief.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;November1to18,2021;1,411respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):DaveThomasFoundationforAdoption;HarrisPollShareofAmericanswhoapproveofparentsadoptingachildinvariousscenariosintheUnitedStatesin2021U.S.approvaloffostercareadoptionscenarios2021Shareofrespondents10%

20%0%30%40%50%60%70%ParentsadoptingachildofadifferentraceParentswhoarereligiousadoptingachildwhoisnotreligiousParentsadoptingachildofadifferentreligion59%56%52%52%ParentsinasamesexrelationshipadoptingachildParentswhoarenotreligiousadoptingachildwhoisreligious51%35Description:Accordingtoasurveyconductedin2021,59percentofAmericansapprovedofparentsadoptingachildofadifferentraceintheUnitedStateswhile52percentofAmericansapprovedofparentsinasamesexrelationshipadoptingachildintheUnitedStates.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;November1to18,2021;1,411respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):DaveThomasFoundationforAdoption;HarrisPollShareofAmericanswhosaytheywouldprefertoadoptachildwithseveralspecificneedsintheUnitedStatesin2021ShareofAmericanswhoprefertoadoptachildwithspecificneeds2021Shareofrespondents0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%68%80%80%90%WhowasinfostercareforlessthanoneyearWhowasinfostercareforonetofouryearsWhosufferedabuseorneglect60%WhowasinfostercareformorethanfouryearsWhowouldneedtobeadoptedwithasiblingWhowasinmultiplefostercareplacementsWhoidentifiesasLGBTQ+54%52%49%48%WhowouldneedtobeadoptedwithtwoormoresiblingsWithphysicaldisabilities41%39%38%35%WithmedicalneedsWithmentaldisabilities36/statistics/1425788/us-preferences-for-adopting-a-child-with-specific-needsAccordingtoasurveyconductedin2021,48percentof