山西晋城市部分学校025-2026学年高二下册6月月考英语试题 含答案

/2025-2026学年第二学期高二年级6月月考试题英语（满分150分，考试时间120分钟）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在试卷、答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段录音读两遍。1.Whatwillthewomandoforherfather?A.Chooseapresent.B.Repairapairofshoes.C.Throwabirthdayparty.2.Whatwillthemandowithhisoldclothes?A.Throwthemaway.B.Donatethemforreuse.C.Sellthemonline.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Printingadocument.B.Organizingameeting.C.Purchasingofficesupplies.4.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Worried.B.Satisfied.C.Puzzled.5.Whatdoesthemanusuallyhave?A.Orangejuice.B.Applejuice.C.Pancake.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音读两遍。听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。6.Whatarethespeakerspreparingtodo?A.UnpackthethingsB.Decorateabalcony.C.Movetoahouse.7.Whatwillthespeakersmiss?A.Thegarden.B.Thebedroom.C.Theplants.听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。8.Whatdoesthewomanusuallydoforexercise?A.Jogoutdoors.B.Swimatapool.C.Rideabicycle.9.Howlongiseachsessionoftheman’sworkout?A.15minutes.B.30minutes.C.45minutes.10.Whatbenefitdoesthemangetfromhisexercise?A.Improvedsleep.B.Betterconcentration.C.Apositivedailymood.听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。11.Whatisthewoman?A.journalist.B.Acardealer.C.Aradiohostess.12.Whatkindofcardidthewoman’sbrotherbuy?A.Asportscar.B.Asmallcar.C.Ahigh-qualitycar.13.Whatdoweknowabouttheusedcarssoldbynewcardealerships?A.Theyareusuallyolder.B.Theyareofbetterquality.C.Theyarecheapertoinsure.听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。14.Whatisspecialaboutthefactorythemanvisited?A.Itsproductionspeed.B.Itsworker-freeworkshops.C.Itsmanagementefficiency.15.Whatimpressedthemanmostduringthevisit?A.Therobots’precision.B.Thesizeofthemachines.C.Theoperators’skills.16.Whatisthewoman’sconcern?A.Futurejobopportunities.B.Safetyrisksofmachines.C.Highcostsoftechnology.17.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Theimpactofmodernfactories.B.Astudent’slearningexperience.C.Differentopinionsonautomation.听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。18.Whatactivitydoesthespeakerorganize?A.Alocalstorytellingevent.B.Anaudiencesharingproject.C.Atraditionalmusicfestival.19.Whydoesthespeakercontinuethisactivity?A.Tooffereveningentertainment.B.Torecordelders’exactwords.C.Tomaintaincommunitybeliefs.20.Whatdolistenersprobablygainfromtheactivity?A.Asenseofdeeprelaxation.B.Newperceptionsofvalues.C.Reflectionsonlifechoices.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhenwetalkaboutgenerations,onegenerationstandsoutmorethananyelse,GenerationAlpha,orGenAlpha.Theyarekidswhowerebornfrom2010onwardsandthetotalnumberofthemhadbeen2.2billionby2025.UnliketheirparentsGenY,GenAlphaarethefirstgenerationgrowingupintheenvironmentwhereiPads,AIandonlineclassroomsarecompletelynormal.Herearethedataaboutthem.ASPECTGENALPHAOVERVIEWTechUsage65%usetablets/smartphonesdaily;50%usevoiceassistantsEducation70%adoptablended(融合的)methodofonlineandofflinelearningSocialMedia40%ofkidsaged8to11haveasocialmediapresenceEntertainment70%ofscreentimeisonsocialmediaplatformsWhileGenAlphaarestillyoung,theyarepushingtheirparentstotrynewthings.AreportreleasedbypublicrelationsfirmDKCinJuly,2025saidparentswerehavingnewexperiencesthankstotheinfluenceoftheirGenAlphakids.Forexample,40%oftheparentssurveyedsaidtheyhadsignedupforasubscriptionserviceattheirkid’ssuggestion.(Findmoreexamplesfromthesurveyinthebarchartbelow.)TryingdifferentfoodsTravelingtodifferentvacationdestinationsUsingnewbeautyproductsWatchingdifferentsportsPayingforpremiumsubscriptionsBuyingitemsduringdropsDATA:DKCGENALPHAREPORT2025So,whenwelookatGenAlpha,itisprettyclearthattheyarenotjustatypicalgroupofkidsgrowingup;theyareliterallythefutureofourworld.Theyarethemostdigitalandpossiblythemostpowerfulgenerationwehaveeverseen.GenAlphawillsurelychangeeducation,technology,businessandcultureitself.Whileitisstillearlydays,onethingworthanticipatingisthatinsteadofjustadaptingtotheworldtheyinherit(继承),theywillbemoreandmoreinfluentialinshapingthefutureoftheworld.1.WhatisthepercentageofGenAlphawhostudyinamixedwayaccordingtothetable?A.40%. B.50%. C.65%. D.70%.2.InwhichaspectdoGenAlphaimpactontheirparentsmostaccordingtothechart?A.Tryingfoods. B.Buyingitemsduringdrops.C.Watchingsports. D.Choosingholidaydestinations.3.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Todisplaycharacteristicsofanewgeneration.B.Todescribeaneconomictrendofconsumption.C.ToclarifythegapbetweenGenAlphaandGenY.D.Tointroduceatechnology-relatededucationsystem.【正确答案】1.D2.A3.A【导语】文章主要介绍阿尔法世代的特点及其对父母和未来社会的影响。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文中第一个表格中Education一栏“70%adoptablended(融合的)methodofonlineandofflinelearning(70%的人采用线上线下相结合的学习模式。)”可知，阿尔法世代采用混合方式学习的比例是70%。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文中条形图上方括号内提示“Findmoreexamplesfromthesurveyinthebarchartbelow.(从下面的条形图中找到更多调查案例。)”以及条形图所列影响项对比可知，“Tryingdifferentfoods(尝试不同的食物)”是阿尔法世代对父母影响最大的方面。【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Whenwetalkaboutgenerations,onegenerationstandsoutmorethananyelse,GenerationAlpha,orGenAlpha.Theyarekidswhowerebornfrom2010onwardsandthetotalnumberofthemhadbeen2.2billionby2025.UnliketheirparentsGenY,GenAlphaarethefirstgenerationgrowingupintheenvironmentwhereiPads,AIandonlineclassroomsarecompletelynormal.(当我们谈论世代划分时，有一代人格外与众不同，那就是阿尔法世代。他们指2010年及以后出生的孩子，到2025年，这一群体总人口已达22亿。与身为Y世代的父母不同，阿尔法世代是首批成长在平板、人工智能和在线课堂成为常态环境下的一代人。)”可知，文章开篇介绍了阿尔法世代的出生时间、人数，接着从科技使用、教育、社交媒体、娱乐等方面阐述了他们的特点，还提到他们对父母的影响，最后强调他们是未来世界的塑造者，会改变教育、科技、商业和文化等。文章整体围绕阿尔法世代这一新群体的各种特征展开描述，目的是展示这一代人的特点。BWhenMiaWoodsretiredat61,sheknewsheneededaplan.“Iwasworriedaboutlosingmyidentityasaprofessional.WhatelsecanIbe?”shethought.Theyearbefore,shehadbeentoldshehadamildmemoryproblem.“IwastryingtoshowmyselfthatIcouldstillthinkandbecreative,”shesays.Soshedecidedtodo—ratherthanbe—somethingnew:bakeapieeverydayforayearandgiveeachpieaway.“Itmademereachouteverydaytosomebody,soIwouldn’tbealone.Anditgavemearoutine,”shesays.Shebakedherfirstpieandgaveittoher88-year-oldaunt,Carol.Asateenager,Miahadmovedinwithheraunt’sfamilywhenhermotherbecameill.“Theygavemestability...Itwastheperfectfirstpie,”shesays.Shewentongivingpiestoformercolleagues,groceryclerks,evenahomelessman.Aswordspread,shegotknownas“thepielady”.Formorethan30years,Miahadworkedasacityplanner.“I’maplannerbynature,trainingandprofession.WhatIreallylikedaboutitwasthatplanningtakestime,chaos,manydifferentcomponents,putsthemalltogetherandmakesthemintosomethingmanageable.”Sheseesthesameinbakingpies:“Youtakeabunchofingredientsandcreatesomethingoutofthem.”Twelveyearson,Miahascontinuedtoinventnewprojects,includingwritingaletteraday,andpaintingpicturesofherlocalsky.Sheiswritingabookaboutthepieexperience.Butshehaslearnedmorethanbaking.“WhatreallycameoutofitwastheunderstandingthatIwassomeonewhocoulddonewthings,”shereflects.“Andmyprofessionalidentitywasn’tcriticaltowhoIam.”“Evennow,afterIhaveanencounterwithsomebody,Ithink:‘There’sapersonIwishIcouldgiveapieto.’”saysMia.4.WhatwasMia’sworrywhensheretired?A.Herseriousmentalproblem. B.Herbeingcutofffromothers.C.Havingnoidentitybeyondcareer. D.Havingtochangeherdailyroutine.5.WhydidMiagiveherfirstpietoheraunt?A.ShehadgivenMiaahome.B.ShehadcaredforMia’smum.C.Shewastheoldestinthefamily.D.ShehadbuiltMia’sstablecharacter.6.WhatdocityplanningandbakingpieshaveincommonaccordingtoMia?A.Bothrequireprofessionaltraining. B.Bothmakesenseofmixedelements.C.Bothcreatesomethingoutofnothing. D.Bothconnectpeoplewithoneanother.7.WhatisMia’sreflectiononherexperience?A.Everyoneintheworlddeservesapie.B.Newchallengesredefinewhoweare.C.Openinguptochangestakescourage.D.Simpleactscanbringpeopletogether.【正确答案】4.C5.A6.B7.B【导语】文章主要讲述了退休城市规划师米娅·伍兹为应对退休后可能失去职业身份认同的焦虑，通过每天烤一个派并送给他人这一日常行动，重新认识自我价值、建立生活秩序并延续创造力的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段““Iwasworriedaboutlosingmyidentityasaprofessional.WhatelsecanIbe?”shethought.(“我担心自己作为专业人士的身份会丧失。那我还能做些什么呢？”她这样想。)”可知，她退休时的担忧是失去职业身份，害怕除了职业身份之外自己不知还能成为什么样的人。选项C“Havingnoidentitybeyondcareer(除了职业之外没有其他身份认同)”与此直接对应。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Shebakedherfirstpieandgaveittoher88-year-oldaunt,Carol.Asateenager,Miahadmovedinwithheraunt’sfamilywhenhermotherbecameill.“Theygavemestability...Itwastheperfectfirstpie,”shesays.Shewentongivingpiestoformercolleagues,groceryclerks,evenahomelessman.Aswordspread,shegotknownas“thepielady”.(她做了第一个馅饼，并送给了她88岁的姑妈卡罗尔。在十几岁的时候，米娅曾因母亲生病而搬到了姑妈家。那时的姑妈家给了她一种稳定的环境……把第一个馅饼送给姑妈是最合适的选择。她继续把馅饼送给以前的同事、杂货店店员，甚至一个无家可归的人。随着消息的传播，她被称为“馅饼女士”。)”可知，米娅年少时因母亲生病而搬去与姨妈一家同住，姨妈家为她提供了稳定的家庭环境。她把第一个派送给姨妈，是因为姨妈曾给予她一个家、一份依靠，这符合选项A“ShehadgivenMiaahome(她曾给米娅一个家)”的表述。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段““I’maplannerbynature,trainingandprofession.WhatIreallylikedaboutitwasthatplanningtakestime,chaos,manydifferentcomponents,putsthemalltogetherandmakesthemintosomethingmanageable.”Sheseesthesameinbakingpies:“Youtakeabunchofingredientsandcreatesomethingoutofthem.”(“我天生就是个规划师，这是我的训练和职业。我真正喜欢的是规划工作，规划需要时间，它要把混乱和众多不同的要素整合起来，使之变得井然有序。”她在烘焙馅饼时也发现了同样的道理：“你将各种食材混合在一起，就能创造出新的成果。”)”可知，通过米娅的类比，两者的共同之处在于都是将纷繁杂乱的不同元素组合成有序、有意义的整体，即选项B“Bothmakesenseofmixedelements(两者都让混合的元素变得有条理)”。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““WhatreallycameoutofitwastheunderstandingthatIwassomeonewhocoulddonewthings,”shereflects.“Andmyprofessionalidentitywasn’tcriticaltowhoIam.”(最重要的是，这件事让我明白自己能够尝试新事物，”她回忆道，“而且我的职业身份并不决定我的本质。”)”可知，她通过尝试新事物认识到自己有能力应对改变，并重新定义了自我价值，不局限于职业身份。这体现了选项B“Newchallengesredefinewhoweare(新挑战重新定义了我们是谁)”的内涵。COnlineshort-formvideohasshiftedfromalightdistractiontoaconstantbackgroundinmanychildren’slives.Whatusedtofillaremomentnowshapeshowyoungpeoplerelaxandcommunicate,withplatformslikeTikTok,InstagramReels,andShortsdrawinginmillionsthroughendlesslypersonalizedfeeds.Whiletheseappsofferfunandconnection,theirdesignencourageslongperiodsofrapidscrollingthatcanbedifficultforyounguserstomanage.Short-formvideosareengineeredtocapturethebrain’sdesirefornovelty,witheachswipe(滑动)promisingsomethingdifferent.Becausethefeedrarelypauses,thenaturalbreaksthathelpattentionresetdisappear.Overtime,thisconstantstimulation(刺激)canweakenselfcontrolandsustainfocus,creatingacyclethatishardtobreak.Sleepisoneoftheclearestareaswherethiscausesharm.Thebrightlightfromscreensdelayssleep,whiletheemotionalhighsandlowsofrapidcontentmakeitdifficultforthebraintosettle.Beyondsleepdisturbances,theconstantstreamofpeerimagescanleadtocomparison.Pre-teensmayinternalizeunrealisticstandardsofpopularityandappearance,causinglowerself-respectandanxiety.Youngerchildrenareespeciallyatriskduetolessmatureself-regulationandamorefragilesenseofidentity.Thisconsumptionpatternmattersbecausechildhoodisacriticalperiodforlearninghowtotolerateboredomandhandleuncomfortablefeelings.Wheneveryquietmomentisfilledwithquickentertainment,childrenlosechancestopracticedaydreaming,inventgames,orsimplylettheirthoughtswander.Unstructuredtimeisessentialforyoungmindstolearnhowtocalmthemselvesanddevelopinternalfocus.Fortunately,thereareencouragingsignsofchange.Governmentsandschoolsbegintoaddressdigitalwellbeingmoredirectly.Athome,establishingsimplefamilyrules,suchaskeepingdevicesoutofbedrooms,canprotectsleepandreducelate-nightscrolling.Withthoughtfulsupport,responsivepolicies,andsaferplatformdesign,childrencanenjoythesevideoswithoutharmingtheirwellbeingordevelopment.8.Howdoesshort-formvideoaffectattentionaccordingtothetext?A.Ittrainsself-control. B.Itremovesnaturalbreaks.C.Itaddslongerpauses. D.Itsatisfiestheneedfornovelty.9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theimpactofsleeploss. B.Theanxietyofpeercomparison.C.Theriskofidentitycrisis. D.Theharmofconstantstimulation.10.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutunstructuredtime?A.Itincreasesscreendependency. B.Itbenefitschildren’sdevelopment.C.Itshouldbereplacedbyactivities. D.Itislessimportantthanschooling.11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttoimprovechildren’sdigitalwellbeing?A.Makingvideosmoreengaging. B.Restrictingdeviceuseathome.C.Adoptingamulti-partyapproach. D.Leavingdevicerulestoschools.【正确答案】8.B9.D10.B11.C【导语】本文主要介绍了短视频对儿童注意力、睡眠、自我认知等方面的负面影响，以及改善儿童数字健康的方法。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Short-formvideosareengineeredtocapturethebrain’sdesirefornovelty,witheachswipe(滑动)promisingsomethingdifferent.Becausethefeedrarelypauses,thenaturalbreaksthathelpattentionresetdisappear.(短视频旨在捕捉大脑对新奇事物的渴望，每次滑动都预示着不同的东西。因为信息流很少暂停，帮助注意力重置的自然休息时间就消失了。)”可知，短视频让帮助注意力重置的自然休息时间消失了。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Overtime,thisconstantstimulation(刺激)canweakenselfcontrolandsustainfocus,creatingacyclethatishardtobreak.Sleepisoneoftheclearestareaswherethiscausesharm.(随着时间的推移，这种持续的刺激会削弱自我控制和持续的注意力，形成一个难以打破的循环。睡眠是受到这种伤害最明显的领域之一。)”以及“Beyondsleepdisturbances,theconstantstreamofpeerimagescanleadtocomparison.(除了睡眠障碍外，源源不断的同龄人形象会导致比较。)”可知，本段主要介绍了持续的刺激带来的危害。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Unstructuredtimeisessentialforyoungmindstolearnhowtocalmthemselvesanddevelopinternalfocus.(无组织的时间对于年轻的心灵学习如何让自己平静下来和发展内在的注意力是至关重要的。)”可知，无组织的时间对孩子的成长是有益的。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Governmentsandschoolsbegintoaddressdigitalwellbeingmoredirectly.Athome,establishingsimplefamilyrules,suchaskeepingdevicesoutofbedrooms,canprotectsleepandreducelate-nightscrolling.Withthoughtfulsupport,responsivepolicies,andsaferplatformdesign,childrencanenjoythesevideoswithoutharmingtheirwellbeingordevelopment.(政府和学校开始更直接地解决数字健康问题。在家里，建立简单的家庭规则，比如把电子设备放在卧室外面，可以保护睡眠，减少深夜滚动。有了周到的支持、响应性的政策和更安全的平台设计，孩子们就可以享受这些视频，而不会损害他们的健康或发展。)”可知，作者建议政府、学校和家庭多方合作来改善孩子的数字健康。DStaticelectricity(静电)isacommonphenomenonthatweexperiencedaily.Takeoffasweaterinwinter,andyoumighthearasuddensound;brushaballoonagainstyourhair,andthehairstandsonend.Yet,thisfamiliarevent—knownscientificallyasthetriboelectricityeffect(摩擦起电效应)—haspuzzledscientistsforcenturies.Foralongtime,researchersreliedonthe“triboelectricseries”.Thiswasafixedrankingsystemdesignedtodetermineexactlywhichmaterialswouldchargepositivelyornegativelyuponcontact.However,thedeeprulesofthiseffectconfusedresearchersbecauseexperimentsoftenproducedcontradictoryresults.Identicaltestingproceduresusingtheexactsamematerialsfrequentlyresultedindifferentcharges,goingagainsttheestablishedranking.Consequently,disappointedscientistsoftendismissedtheseconfusingresultsashumanerror,wrongmethods,orpoorequipment.Thislackofreliabilityblockedtheprogressofrelatedscientificstudiesforalongtime.Recently,newresearchhasbroughtamajorbreakthrough.Scientistssuggestthatwhatlookedlikechaosisactuallyanaturalchangeovertime.Inadetailedstudy,researchersfoundthatamaterial’schargingbehaviourheavilydependsonits“contacthistory”.Repeatedphysicalinteractionscausetinysurfaceshapechanges.Thisphysicalwearsystematicallyshiftsthematerial’stendencytowardnegativecharging.Thediscoveryperfectlyexplainsthehistoricalmistakes:scientistsweretestingwornmaterialswithoutknowingit.Inafollow-upfieldstudy,theteamstudiedoxidematerials(氧化物)suchassand,andidentifiedthehiddenchemicalfactordrivingtheirelectricalbehavior:carbon-carryingsubstances.Thesesubstances,whichareeverywhereintheatmosphere,graduallycoatallexposedsurfaceswithaninvisiblelayer.Whenresearchersheatedthematerialstohightemperaturestocompletelyremovethisenvironmentalpollution,theyobservedsomethingamazing:thedirectionofthechargeexchangewentintheoppositedirection,provingthattheunseenpollutionsecretlygovernedtheelectricalreaction.Theseexcitingfindingschallengetheconventionalideaofafixedranking.Amaterial’selectricalidentityisactuallydynamic,shapedbyitsphysicalhistoryandenvironmentalexposure.Bymappingthesehiddenfactors,scientistsareturningalong-heldmysteryintoapredictablescience.Thisdeeperunderstandingwillhelpdevelopbattery-freewearabledevices,preventdisastrousdisastrousindustrialexplosions,andevenevaluatethepotentialdamageoflunardusttofuturecemissions.12.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A.Byprovidingeverydayexamples. B.Bylistingexperimentaldata.C.Byraisingascientificquestion. D.Bysharingafabulousstory.13.Whataffectsthematerial’schargingtendency?A.Theinitialphysicalstate. B.Thetestingmethods.C.Thesurfaceshapeshifts. D.Theexperimentequipment.14.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthefieldstudy?A.Oxidesproduceenvironmentalpollution. B.Invisiblecoatingscontrolelectricalresponses.C.Heatingchangesoxidestructures. D.Carbonprotectsoxidesagainstpollution.15.Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocuson?A.Limitationsandpredictions. B.Statisticsandpractices.C.Evaluationsandapplications. D.Difficultiesandopportunities.【正确答案】12.A13.C14.B15.C【导语】文章主要介绍了静电现象以及科学家对其产生原因的新发现。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Staticelectricityisacommonphenomenonthatweexperiencedaily.Takeoffasweaterinwinter,andyoumighthearasuddensound;brushaballoonagainstyourhair,andthehairstandsonend.(静电是我们日常生活中常见的一种现象。冬天脱毛衣时，你可能会听到突然的声音；用气球摩擦头发，头发就会竖起来。)”可知，作者通过提供日常例子来引入话题。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Repeatedphysicalinteractionscausetinysurfaceshapechanges.Thisphysicalwearsystematicallyshiftsthematerial’stendencytowardnegativecharging.(反复的物理相互作用会导致表面形状的微小变化。这种物理磨损系统地改变了材料向负电荷带电的趋势。)”可知，材料的带电倾向取决于表面形状变化。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Thesesubstances,whichareeverywhereintheatmosphere,graduallycoatallexposedsurfaceswithaninvisiblelayer.Whenresearchersheatedthematerialstohightemperaturestocompletelyremovethisenvironmentalpollution,theyobservedsomethingamazing:thedirectionofthechargeexchangewentintheoppositedirection,provingthattheunseenpollutionsecretlygovernedtheelectricalreaction.(这些物质在大气中无处不在，它们逐渐在所有暴露的表面上覆盖一层看不见的层。当研究人员将材料加热到高温以完全去除这种环境污染时，他们观察到了一个惊人的现象：电荷交换的方向发生了相反的变化，这证明了看不见的污染秘密地控制着电反应。)”可知，从实地研究中可以得出隐形涂层控制着电反应的结论。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Theseexcitingfindingschallengetheconventionalideaofafixedranking.Amaterial’selectricalidentityisactuallydynamic,shapedbyitsphysicalhistoryandenvironmentalexposure.Bymappingthesehiddenfactors,scientistsareturningalong-heldmysteryintoapredictablescience.Thisdeeperunderstandingwillhelpdevelopbattery-freewearabledevices,preventindustrialdisastrousexplosions,andevenevaluatethepotentialdamageoflunardusttofuturecemissions.(这些令人兴奋的发现挑战了传统的固定排名观念。材料的电特性实际上是动态的，由其物理历史和环境暴露所决定。通过绘制这些隐藏因素，科学家们正在将一个长期存在的谜团变成一门可预测的科学。这种更深入的理解将有助于开发无电池可穿戴设备，防止工业灾难性爆炸，甚至评估月球尘埃对未来太空任务的潜在损害。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是对这些发现的评估以及这些发现可以应用到的领域。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Confidenceisinfectious.Someonewhospeakswithtotalcertaintyismorelikelytoinspirethansomeonewhoishesitant.____16____Itfoundthatmoreconfidentletterswereassociatedwithmoresuccessfulcommercialco-operations.Confidence—evenoverconfidence—canalsoleadtohigherstatus.Ina2012study,MBAstudentswereaskedtotakeanonlinesurvey.Thequestionnaireaskedthemiftheyknewcertainnames,eventsandworksofart.____17____Attheendoftheterm,classmatesratedtheoverlyconfidentstudents—thosewhohadpickedthemostfictionalentries—asthemostinfluential.____18____Onestudyfoundthatoverconfidentbossesweremorelikelytobuyothercompanies.Thesepurchaseswerealsomorelikelytofail.AnotherpaperlookedatthelinkbetweenCEOs’confidenceandtheirearningforecasts.Researchersfoundthatbosseswithtoomuchself-beliefwereslowertoadjusttheirforecastswhentheywerewrong.____19____Thisleadstotwobroadsuggestionsformanagerstoreflecton.First,overconfidentpeopleneedclearrules.Anewperfoundthatpuffed-upbossesathigh-techfirmshadabetterrecordofmakingbreakthroughinnovationsiftheywerewatchedbypowerfulandexpertboards.Second,self-doubtersneedencouragementtofulfiltheirpotential.____20____Studiesshowedthatwhenpeoplewereremindedoftheirownpower,theyperformedbetterininterviewsandpresentations.Confidencecanbenatural.Itcanalsobestimulated.A.Theydidn’tknowthatsomeofthechoicesweremadeup.B.Astudyanalysedthelanguageusedinlettersfrominvestors.C.Simplyput,overconfidentbossesstayedwrongforalongertime.D.Overconfidentpeopletendtobepromotedtoleadershippositions.E.Asmuchasconfidencebringsrewards,however,italsobringsdanger.F.Therefore,expertssuggestcreatingamorerelaxingworkenvironment.G.Thissupportcancomefrommanagers,advisors,orevenfromthemselves.【正确答案】16.B17.A18.E19.C20.G【导语】文章主要探讨了自信的感染力与优势，同时指出过度自信带来的决策风险，并就管理者如何对待过度自信者和自我怀疑者提出了建议。【16题详解】空前“Confidenceisinfectious.Someonewhospeakswithtotalcertaintyismorelikelytoinspirethansomeonewhoishesitant.(自信是能够感染他人的特质。一个完全自信的人比一个犹豫不决的人更能激发他人。)”说自信具有感染力，肯定确信的人比犹豫的人更能鼓舞他人。空后出现“Itfoundthatmoreconfidentletterswereassociatedwithmoresuccessfulcommercialco-operations.(该研究发现，更自信的信件往往能促成更成功的商业合作。)”，其中Itfound表明前文应提到某项研究，且研究内容涉及letters。选项B“Astudyanalysedthelanguageusedinlettersfrominvestors.(一项研究分析了投资者信件中使用的语言。)”恰好引入一项分析投资者信件语言的研究，与后文moreconfidentletters完美衔接。【17题详解】空前“Ina2012study,MBAstudentswereaskedtotakeanonlinesurvey.Thequestionnaireaskedthemiftheyknewcertainnames,eventsandworksofart.(在2012年的一项研究中，商学院的学生们被要求完成一项在线调查。问卷询问他们是否知晓某些名字、事件和艺术作品。)”描述2012年研究中的问卷让MBA学生识别一些名字、事件和艺术品。空后“Attheendoftheterm,classmatesratedtheoverlyconfidentstudents—thosewhohadpickedthemostfictionalentries—asthemostinfluential.(学期结束时，同学们认为那些过于自信的学生——那些选出最多虚构条目的人——是最有影响力的。)”说学期末同学们将那些选了最多虚构条目的人评为最有影响力。由此可推，学生答题时并不知道部分选项是虚构的，选项A“Theydidn’tknowthatsomeofthechoicesweremadeup.(他们不知道其中的一些选择是虚构的。)”中的They指代前文的MBA学生，madeup与后文fictionalentries呼应，逻辑通顺。【18题详解】前两段讲自信（甚至过度自信）带来的积极影响，如更高地位。本段开头空白后“Onestudyfoundthatoverconfidentbossesweremorelikelytobuyothercompanies.Thesepurchaseswerealsomorelikelytofail.(一项研究发现，过度自信的老板更有可能收购其他公司。这些收购也更有可能失败。)”说研究发现过度自信的老板更可能收购其他公司，但这些收购更易失败。此处语义发生转折，从讲好处转向讲风险。选项E“Asmuchasconfidencebringsrewards,however,italsobringsdanger.(然而，尽管自信会带来回报，但它也带来危险。)”中的however体现转折，bringsdanger引出后文过度自信的负面后果，承上启下功能明确。【19题详解】空前“Researchersfoundthatbosseswithtoomuchself-beliefwereslowertoadjusttheirforecastswhentheywerewrong.(研究人员发现，过于自信的老板在预测出现错误时调整预测的速度更慢。)”说研究人员发现过度自信的CEO在预测出错时调整预测更慢。空白处位于段末，需对该研究发现进行总结或评述。选项“Simplyput,overconfidentbossesstayedwrongforalongertime.(简单来说，过度自信的老板会在错误上停留更长时间。)”C用Simplyput引出对前文内容的通俗概括，stayedwrongforalongertime正是slowertoadjusttheirforecastswhentheywerewrong的同义转述。【20题详解】空前“Second,self-doubtersneedencouragementtofulfiltheirpotential.(其次，自我怀疑者需要鼓励来充分发挥他们的潜力。)”给出第二条建议：自我怀疑者需要鼓励以发挥潜能。空后“Studiesshowedthatwhenpeoplewereremindedoftheirownpower,theyperformedbetterininterviewsandpresentations.Confidencecanbenatural.Itcanalsobestimulated.(有研究表明，当人们被提醒自己的力量时，他们在面试和演示中的表现会更好。自信可以是自然而然的。它也可以被激发。)”举例说当人们被提醒自身力量时，在面试和演讲中表现更好。可见空白处需衔接“鼓励”的来源或方式。选项G“Thissupportcancomefrommanagers,advisors,orevenfromthemselves.(这种支持可以来自经理、顾问，甚至来自他们自己。)”中的Thissupport回指前文的encouragement，并具体说明鼓励可来自谁，且evenfromthemselves自然引出后文remindedoftheirownpower。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Frompopulartrackstoremotevalleys,wearyhikerscanalwaysfindahut(小屋)torestinNewZealand’scountryside.Butthehutnetworkistoovastforthegovernmentto____21____,soordinarypeoplearesteppingin.AmongthemisSuzieBell,whobeganhikingin2010andwas____22____bythehutsatfirstsight.“IwasjustblownawaywhenI____23____ahutinthemiddleofnowhere.I____24____initfornexttonothing,”Bellrecalled.Shelaterlearnedtherearearound950hutsacrossthecountry,mostofwhichare____25____onlyonfoot.Hikersarewelcometousemostofthem____26____.Bellwantedtogivesomethingbackand____27____theLoveOurHutscampaign.The____28____wasstartedbyanoutdoorrecreationadvocacygroupin2024,andmorethan300peoplehavesignedupforit.“Wereally____29____ourhuts.They’repartofourculturalheritage,”saidBell.Sustainingthehutnetworkis____30____duetoitssizeandremoteness.Eachsummer,Bellandherhusband____31____forfivehoursintothehillstowipedownbeds,cleanwindowsandpulloutweeds.Theyaredelightedtooffertheir____32____tokeeptheirmuch-lovedhutssafeandclean.Sofarthissummer,morethan500hutshavebeentidiedupby____33____.Whattheydo____34____theMāoriconceptofkaitiakitanga,where,ascaretakersoftheenvironment,wemust____35____itforfuturegenerations.21.A.present B.evaluate C.arrange D.maintain22.A.inspired B.amazed C.shocked D.confused23.A.tookover B.pickedout C.cameacross D.searchedfor24.A.stayed B.waited C.survived D.exercised25.A.admirable B.suitable C.accessible D.comfortable26.A.invain B.inadvance C.forfree D.forgood27.A.started B.joined C.accepted D.reported28.A.initiative B.assignment C.experiment D.disc