湖南郴州市2025-2026学年高二上学期期末教学质量监测英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖南郴州市2025-2026学年高二上学期期末教学质量监测英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AMarbleseed’s37thOrganicFarmingConferenceSAVETHEDATE!Theme:AbundanceGrowsinSolidarityFebruary26-28,2026LaCrosseCenter,LaCrosse,WisconsinWeareexcitedtoannouncethatplanningisunderwayfor2026!TheMarbleseedOrganicFarmingConferenceisoneofthelargestorganicfarmingconferencesintheUnitedStates.Itgathersfarmersfromawiderangeoffarmsizesandbackgroundstolearnthelatestorganicmethods,buildcommunityandshapethefutureoftheorganicfarmingmovement.Educationalcontentcoversproductiontypes,businessmanagement,soilhealthandmore.Whetheryou’recertifiedorganic,usingorganicpracticesonyourregenerativefarm,orconsideringtheswitchtoorganic,you’llfindskill-buildingopportunitiestoboostyourfarmbusiness.WeassessallsponsorsandexhibitorsoftheConferencetoensurestrongvaluesandmissionalignment.ReturningonescansignupinearlySeptember,whilenewonesneedtojointhewaitlist—spotswillopeninearlyOctoberifavailable.Scholarshipsareofferedtomaketheconferenceaccessibletoall.ApplicationsaredueDecember12th,2025,andselectedapplicantswillbenotifiedbytheendofDecember.Tosupportorganicfarmers,wealsowelcomedonationstoourscholarshipfunds.REGISTRATIONINFORMATIONANDPRICINGRegistrationopensDecember4thCategoryEarlyBird*Pre-Registration*DoorPriceNotesFullConference$400$450$500Fri.&Sat.breakfast&lunchincludedTwo-dayConference$300$350$400Fri.&Sat.breakfast&lunchincludedThursdayAddon$125$150$200

One-day(Fri./Sat.)$175$200$250Breakfast&lunchincludedYouth(3-17)$40/day$40/day$40/dayChildrenunder3arefree*EarlyBirdregistrationendsTuesday,Jan6at11:59p.m.*Pre-registration(onlineregistration)endsThursday,Feb5at11:59p.m.1.WhatdofarmersattendMarbleseed’sOrganicFarmingConferencefor?A.Promotingthesaleoforganicproducts.B.Masteringupdatedorganicfarmingtechniques.C.Establishinganationalorganicfarmingorganization.D.ChangingthecurrentstructureofAmericanagriculture.2.Whatarenewexhibitorsrequiredtodo?A.Waitforavailablespots.B.Donatetothescholarshipfunds.C.SignupinearlySeptember.D.Submitadetailedassessmentreport.3.HowmuchwillacouplepayforEarlyBirdticketsfortheTwo-dayConference?A.$300. B.$340.C.$600. D.$700.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Marbleseed第37届有机农业会议的相关信息。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Itgathersfarmersfromawiderangeoffarmsizesandbackgroundstolearnthelatestorganicmethods,buildcommunityandshapethefutureoftheorganicfarmingmovement.(它聚集了来自不同农场规模和背景的农民，学习最新的有机方法，建立社区，塑造有机农业运动的未来)”可知，农民参加Marbleseed有机农业会议是为了掌握最新的有机农业技术。故选B。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“ReturningonescansignupinearlySeptember,whilenewonesneedtojointhewaitlist—spotswillopeninearlyOctoberifavailable.(老参展商可以在9月初报名，而新参展商需要加入等待名单——如果有空位，将在10月初开放)”可知，新参展商需要等待有空位。故选A。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据表格中“Two-dayConference$300(两日会议300美元)”可知，一对夫妇购买两日会议的早鸟票需要支付300*2=600美元。故选C。BExploringdifferentcountriesandmeetingnewpeoplehaveforcedmetostepoutofthesafetyofroutineandintoaworldwhereanythingcanhappen.So,mytravelshavebeenlessaboutperfectphotosandmoreaboutmisadventures.Travelhasallowedmetoexpandmymindandmeetinterestingcharacters,likethegood-hearted,toothlessfriendImadeonthebusintheU.S.HewasonhiswaytoworksecurityatthemotorcyclerallyinSturgis,S.D.,andkindlygotanextraspoontosharehisbowloficecream.IpolitelydeclinedbutIenjoyedhiscompanyandlearnedmoreaboutmanagingbikersthanexpected.Spending50-plushoursonabusgavemetheopportunitytointeractwithdiversepeoplethatIneverwouldhaveotherwise.Ithelpedmefosterempathyandremindedmehowmuchweallshare.Butmytravelshaveoftenbeenaseriesofmishaps.Mymisadventuresbeganmorethan25yearsagoduringatriptoAustralia.Onemightexpecttalesofsurvivingencounterswithspiders,orsnakesintheOutback.However,there’snothrillingnarrativetoshowoffaboutovercomingthedangersofAustralia’swildlife.Rather,Iinjuredmyearafterswimmingtooclosetomyfriendwhowaslearningtowindsurf.MyjourneytoSouthAfricawasfilledwithencountersoffierceanimalsinKrugerNationalParkandcountlessotherthrillingescapades.Itwaslikeahighlightseriesofmisadventureswaitingtounfold.Asfantasticasthistripwas,itwascolouredbysicknessresultinginfever,violenttrembling,unplannedsleepinnoisyandcrowdedplaces.Ireturnedhome20poundslighter,aphysicalandfoggy-headedmess,butstillabetterpersonforthisexperience.Despiteillnessesandinjuries,I’vecometoembracethefactthattravelisasmuchaboutthejourneyasitisaboutthemisadventures.Intheend,it’snotaboutavoidingthebumpsandbruises—it’saboutlaughingthroughthem,connectingwithothersandknowingthatthebeststoriesoftencomefromthemostunexpectedmoments.4.Whydoestheauthormentionthetravelonthebus?A.Toemphasizepeople’skindness. B.Toindicatethevalueofsharingfood.C.Tohighlightpeople’sconnection. D.Todiscussthenatureofsecuritywork.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mishaps”inparagraph3mean?A.Surprises. B.Accidents. C.Memories. D.Expectations.6.WhathappenedtotheauthorafterhistriptoSouthAfrica?A.Hedecidedtoavoidadventuroustravels.B.HeturnedintoanexpertonAfricanwildlife.C.Hebecamephysicallyweakbutmentallymature.D.Hemainlyblamedthenoisynightsforhisweightloss.7.Whatdoestheauthor’sexperienceshow?A.Bettersafethansorry. B.Varietyisthespiceoflife.C.Sharedjoyisdoublejoy. D.Turnlemonsintolemonade.【答案】4.C5.B6.C7.D【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的旅行无关完美画面，更多是意外经历。旅途中他结识不同的人、体会人际联结，也遭遇伤病等糟心事，但仍欣然接纳，认为旅行的美好正源于这些意外与成长。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Spending50-plushoursonabusgavemetheopportunitytointeractwithdiversepeoplethatIneverwouldhaveotherwise.Ithelpedmefosterempathyandremindedmehowmuchweallshare.(在公交车上度过了50多个小时的经历让我有机会与各种各样的人交流，而如果没有这次经历，我是不可能有这样的机会的。这段经历帮助我培养了同理心，并让我意识到我们所有人其实有很多共同之处)”可知，作者提及乘坐公交车这一情节是为了强调人与人之间的联系。故选C。【5题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Mymisadventuresbeganmorethan25yearsagoduringatriptoAustralia.Onemightexpecttalesofsurvivingencounterswithspiders,orsnakesintheOutback.However,there’snothrillingnarrativetoshowoffaboutovercomingthedangersofAustralia’swildlife.Rather,Iinjuredmyearafterswimmingtooclosetomyfriendwhowaslearningtowindsurf.(我的不幸经历始于25年前的一次澳大利亚之行。人们通常会讲述在澳大利亚内陆遭遇蜘蛛或蛇时的惊险经历。然而，这次旅行并没有什么精彩的故事可讲，来展现如何克服澳大利亚野生动物带来的危险。相反，是在和一位正在学习帆板运动的朋友一起游泳时，我的耳朵受伤了)”可知，后文中作者讲述了在澳大利亚旅行时，因离学帆板的朋友太近游泳而弄伤耳朵的糟糕经历，故mishaps与“意外、倒霉的事”同义，故选B。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Ireturnedhome20poundslighter,aphysicalandfoggy-headedmess,butstillabetterpersonforthisexperience.(我回到家时体重减轻了20磅，整个人变得疲惫不堪、头脑昏沉，但这次经历让我变得更成熟了)”可知，作者在南非旅行之后身体变得虚弱了，但心智却变得成熟了。故选C。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despiteillnessesandinjuries,I’vecometoembracethefactthattravelisasmuchaboutthejourneyasitisaboutthemisadventures.Intheend,it’snotaboutavoidingthebumpsandbruises—it’saboutlaughingthroughthem,connectingwithothersandknowingthatthebeststoriesoftencomefromthemostunexpectedmoments.(尽管遭遇了疾病和受伤，但我已经逐渐接受了这样一个事实：旅行不仅关乎旅程，也关乎旅途中的种种意外遭遇。最终，关键不在于避免磕磕碰碰和受伤——而在于笑着面对它们，与他人建立联系，并明白最精彩的故事往往源自最意想不到的时刻)”可知，作者的经历表明了“把柠檬变成柠檬水”，喻指将不幸转化为机遇或从逆境中获益。故选D。CScientistshavewarnedaboutanewkindofacidrainthatiseverywhere,isalmostimpossibletocleanup,andcouldthreateneverylivingthingontheplanet.Trifluoroaceticacid(TFA)—atypeofpersistent“foreverchemical”—isnowpresentineveryrainshowerandsnowfallontheplanet,inconcentrationsfarhigherthanbefore.It’snotyetknownexactlywhatTFAmeansforhumanhealthortheenvironment,butsomeresearchershavesaidthatitcouldbeanexistentialthreat.“There’semergingevidencethatitcandisruptvitalEarthsystemprocesses,suchasmammalembryodevelopmentanddecreasingsoilrespiration(呼吸),”saidProfHansPeterArp,achemistattheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology.Arp’srecentresearchclassifiedTFAasaplanetarythreatsimilartoglobalwarming.“Wedon’tknowthelong-termconsequencesofthis.But,ifalong-termconsequenceoccurs,itwilloccuronaglobalscale,”Arpadded.TFAdoesn’tdegradenaturally,andanytechnologytoremoveitisextremelycostly.Itisoneofthesmallest“foreverchemicals”,whichcanleakintotheenvironmentfromrefrigerants,pesticides,airconditioningunits,landfillsandsewage.Asit’ssosmall,itdissolveseasilyinwater.That’swhyit’sbecomeoneofthemostwidespreadforeverchemicals,withrapidlyrisinglevelsfoundinrain,oceans,leaves,food,andhumanbloodandurine.“Thisisespeciallyconcerningbecauseitisconsideredalmostimpossibletoremovefromdrinkingwater,”saidArp.SomescientistshavearguedthatTFAmightnotbeparticularlydangeroustohumansbecauseitpassesthroughthebodyquicklyinurine.However,ArpsaidthemostrecentevidenceshowsTFAlevelswereincreasinginsidehumansandanimals.“WecanseethatTFAcanentercellsandbecomebuildingblocksinlipids,proteinsandcellwalls,”hesaid.ScientistslikeArparetryingtodevelopmethodsofremovingTFAfromtheenvironment,suchasbyplantingcropsthatabsorbit,andthenburningthesecropsatextremelyhightemperatures,todestroythechemical.ButArpsaid,“Thefirstpriorityistoloweremissionsnowbeforetheirreversible,globalimpactsoccur.”8.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.PotentialrisksofTFA.B.ResearchmethodsofTFA.C.SourcesofTFApollution.D.ChemicalpropertiesofTFA.9.WhatdoweknowaboutTFAfromthepassage?A.Itdissolvesinwaterhardly.B.Itconstantlyaccumulatesinlivingthings.C.Itmainlycomesfromairconditioningunits.D.Itbreaksdowninnaturalenvironmentquickly.10.WhatdoesHansPeterArpthinkofTFA?A.Itslong-termimpactsareinsignificant.B.Itistoosmalltoharmtheenvironment.C.Itisanurgentissueneedingquickaction.D.Itsremovaliscost-effectivewithtechnology.11.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ANewWorldwideChemicalCrisisB.TheHistoryofAcidRainResearchC.TheWaytoTreatChemicalPollutionD.NewAcidRain’sThreattoEarth’sLife【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新型酸雨成分三氟乙酸对地球生物的潜在威胁。【8题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“It’snotyetknownexactlywhatTFAmeansforhumanhealthortheenvironment,butsomeresearchershavesaidthatitcouldbeanexistentialthreat.(目前还不清楚TFA对人类健康或环境究竟意味着什么，但一些研究人员表示，它可能是一种生存威胁)”可知，本段主要描述了TFA可能对地球系统过程造成的破坏，即TFA的潜在风险。故选A。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“However,ArpsaidthemostrecentevidenceshowsTFAlevelswereincreasinginsidehumansandanimals.(然而，Arp说，最新的证据表明，TFA在人类和动物体内的水平正在上升)”可知，TFA在生物体内不断积累。故选B。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ButArpsaid,“Thefirstpriorityistoloweremissionsnowbeforetheirreversible,globalimpactsoccur.”(但Arp说：“务之急是在不可逆转的全球影响发生之前降低排放。”)”可推知，HansPeterArp认为TFA是一个需要迅速采取行动的紧迫问题。故选C。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Scientistshavewarnedaboutanewkindofacidrainthatiseverywhere,isalmostimpossibletocleanup,andcouldthreateneverylivingthingontheplanet.Trifluoroaceticacid(TFA)—atypeofpersistent“foreverchemical”—isnowpresentineveryrainshowerandsnowfallontheplanet,inconcentrationsfarhigherthanbefore.(科学家们警告说，有一种新型酸雨无处不在，几乎无法清理，可能会威胁到地球上的每一个生物。三氟乙酸（TFA）是一种持久的“永久性化学物质”，现在存在于地球上的每一场雨和每一场雪中，其浓度远高于以前)”可知，文章主要讲述了新型酸雨成分三氟乙酸对地球生物的潜在威胁。由此可知，D选项“新型酸雨对地球生物的威胁”最符合文章标题。故选D。DPeoplewithseverevisionlosshavebeenabletoreadagain,thankstoatinywirelesschipimplantedinoneoftheireyesandapairofhigh-techglasses.Age-relatedmaculardegeneration(AMD)isacommoneyediseasethatmainlyaffectsthemaculainthecenteroftheretina(视网膜)anddamagesthecentralvisionofpeople,especiallytheelderly.Itoccurswhenlight-sensitivephotoreceptor(光感受器)cellsandneuronsinthecentreoftheretinabecomedamaged.PeoplewithanadvancedstageofAMDknownasgeographicatrophy(萎缩)usuallystillhavesomephotoreceptorcellsandenoughretinalneuronstopassvisualinformationtothebrain.Takingadvantageofthis,DanielPalankeratStanfordUniversityinCaliforniaandhiscolleagueshavedevelopedadevicecalledPRIMA.Itinvolvesasmallcameramountedonapairofglassesthatcapturesimages,thenprojectsthemviainfraredlighttoa2-by-2millimetresolar-powered,wirelesschipplantedinthebackoftheeye.Thechipthenturnstheimageinformationintoanelectricalsignalthatretinalneuronscanpasstothebrain.Toputittothetest,theresearchersrecruited32peopleaged60orolderwithgeographicatrophy.Theirvisioninatleastoneeyewasworsethan20/320,whichmeanstheycouldonlyseeat6metreswhatapersonwith20/20visioncouldseeat97.5metres.Theresearchersfirstplantedthechipintheeyesofoneoftheparticipants.Then,fourtofiveweekslater,thevolunteersbegantousetheglassesintheirdailylives.Theglassesallowedthemtoenlargewhattheywereseeingbyupto12timesandtoadjustthebrightnessandcontrast.Afterayear,27oftheparticipantscouldreadagain,aswellasperceiveshapesandpatterns.Theycouldalsoseeanadditionalfivelines,onaverage,onastandardeyetestchart.Somecouldevenreadwithvisionequalto20/42.Theboostedvisiontheparticipantsexperiencedisinblackandwhite.“Ournextgoalistoaddthesoftwarethatwillhelpresolvegreyscalesandenhancethemforfacerecognition,”suggestsPalanker.12.HowdoestheauthorintroduceAMD?A.Bygivingadefinition.B.Byofferingexamples.C.Byprovidingstatistics.D.Bymakingcomparison.13.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthePRIMAdeviceinParagraph3?A.Itreliesonbatteriestopowerthechip.B.Itcapturesimagesusingalargecamera.C.Itoperateswithoutanyconnectiontotheeye.D.Itworksbysendingelectricalsignalstothebrain.14.Whatcanbeconcludedabouttheparticipantsinthetest?A.Mostofthemgotbettereyesight.B.Allofthemwereover60yearsold.C.Theirvisionwasmeasuredas20/320.D.Theirglassesareequippedwithchips.15.WhatisPalanker’ssuggestionabout?A.Choiceofnewresearchmethods.B.Possibleapplicationofthedevice.C.Needtoinvolvemoreresearchers.D.Hiddenlimitationsforfurtherstudy.【答案】12.A13.D14.A15.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家研发的PRIMA设备帮助AMD患者恢复视力的研究。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Age-relatedmaculardegeneration(AMD)isacommoneyediseasethatmainlyaffectsthemaculainthecenteroftheretina(视网膜)anddamagesthecentralvisionofpeople,especiallytheelderly.(老年性黄斑变性（AMD）是一种常见的眼病，主要影响视网膜中心的黄斑，损害人们的中心视力，尤其是老年人)”可知，作者通过下定义的方式介绍了AMD。故选A。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thechipthenturnstheimageinformationintoanelectricalsignalthatretinalneuronscanpasstothebrain.(然后，芯片将图像信息转换成电信号，视网膜神经元可以将这些信号传递给大脑)”可推知，PRIMA设备通过向大脑发送电信号来工作。故选D。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Afterayear,27oftheparticipantscouldreadagain,aswellasperceiveshapesandpatterns.Theycouldalsoseeanadditionalfivelines,onaverage,onastandardeyetestchart.Somecouldevenreadwithvisionequalto20/42.(一年后，其中27名参与者能够再次阅读，并能感知形状和图案。在标准视力测试图上，他们平均能多看清五行。有些人甚至能以相当于20/42的视力阅读。)”可知，大多数参与者的视力得到了改善。故选A。【15题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中““Ournextgoalistoaddthesoftwarethatwillhelpresolvegreyscalesandenhancethemforfacerecognition,”suggestsPalanker.(Palanker建议：“我们的下一个目标是添加有助于解决灰度问题并增强面部识别功能的软件。”)”可知，Palanker的建议是关于该设备的可能应用。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Statisticallyspeaking,you’veprobablyalreadypressedalikebuttonseveraltimestoday.Ifyou’reunder20yearsold,evenmore.PerhapsyourecentlypostedonWeibo,XiaohongshuorMomentsandhavebeeneagerlycheckingasthelikecountrisesonyourphone—eachnewlikeaccompaniedbyarushinyourheart.____16____AccordingtoNicholasChristakis,asociologistandphysicianatYaleUniversity,itisbecause“thelikebuttonisbuilt,inaverydeepanddistantway,basedonevolutionarybiology.”Allanimalslearnandevolveastheyinteractwithachallengingworld,fromexperiencegainedthroughtrialanderror.____17____“Sociallearning”conveyedimmenseevolutionarybenefits,allowingearlyhumanstoraisetheirchancesofsurvivalbyavoidingthemistakestheysawothersmaking,andimitatingthesuccessfulmoves.Thereareotheroutcomestoanevolvedsociallearningability.____18____Basically,thesehabitssay“thankyouforlettingmelearnfromyou.”Becausewearehappytogettipsaboutthreatsandtogainopportunities,wereceiveknowledgeinawaythatwillencouragemoreofittocomeourway.Inturn,weasgiversrespondtothatflatteringaffirmation.It’swhatkeepsussharingwhatwediscover.____19____Acrossthecourseofhumandevelopment,whathasbeenselectedforintheevolutionaryprocessarenotjustphysicalcharacteristics—likethegiraffe’sneckoracertainfinch’sbeakshape—butalsobehavioralurges,perceivedsensations,andemotions.Andthisistheverydeeppsychologicalterritorythelikebuttonwasabletotapinto.____20____Togivealikeonsomeoneelse’spost,knowingitwillmattertothem,sendsatinyfeel-goodsurgethroughthenervoussystemaswell.Thisisthekeytotherapidpopularityofthelikebuttoninouronlinelives:It’sjustnotpossibleforsomethingtobecomesopopularwithoutconnectingwithsomethingfundamentalinourbiology.A.Dopeoplereallycareaboutthenumberoflikestheyget?B.Theyincludeourhabitsofexpressinggratitudeandacknowledgement.C.Butwhyhasthissimplefeaturebecomesuchauniversalphenomenon?D.Thesehabitsofexpressingthankshelpusbuildtrustwiththosearoundus.E.Butonlycertainanimalscanlearnfromtheexperienceofotherindividuals.F.Tocheckyourpostandseethatsomelikeshaveaccumulatedcausesasenseofjoy.G.Allthisexplainswhywehaveevolvedtogetsuchapleasurefromlikingandbeingliked.【答案】16.C17.E18.B19.G20.F【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了点赞按钮受欢迎的原因及其与人类进化过程中形成的生物特性的联系。【16题详析】由上文“PerhapsyourecentlypostedonWeibo,XiaohongshuorMomentsandhavebeeneagerlycheckingasthelikecountrisesonyourphone—eachnewlikeaccompaniedbyarushinyourheart.(也许你最近在微博、小红书或朋友圈上发了帖子，然后急切地看着手机上的点赞数上升——每一个新的点赞都伴随着你内心的激动。)”及下文“AccordingtoNicholasChristakis,asociologistandphysicianatYaleUniversity,itisbecause“thelikebuttonisbuilt,inaverydeepanddistantway,basedonevolutionarybiology.”(耶鲁大学的社会学家和医生NicholasChristakis说，这是因为“点赞按钮是在非常深和遥远的基础上，基于进化生物学而建立的。”)”可知，上文描述了人们对于点赞的期待和激动心情，下文则解释了为什么点赞按钮会如此受欢迎，本空应引出对于点赞按钮普遍性的疑问。C选项“Butwhyhasthissimplefeaturebecomesuchauniversalphenomenon?(但是为什么这个简单的功能会变得如此普遍呢？)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选C。【17题详析】由上文“Allanimalslearnandevolveastheyinteractwithachallengingworld,fromexperiencegainedthroughtrialanderror.(所有动物在与具有挑战性的世界互动时都会学习和进化，从通过试错获得的经验中学习。)”及下文“‘Sociallearning’conveyedimmenseevolutionarybenefits,allowingearlyhumanstoraisetheirchancesofsurvivalbyavoidingthemistakestheysawothersmaking,andimitatingthesuccessfulmoves.(“社会学习”带来了巨大的进化优势，使早期人类能够通过避免看到别人犯的错误，并模仿成功的举动来提高生存机会。)”可知，上文说明了所有动物都会通过试错学习，下文则强调了社会学习对早期人类的巨大优势，本空应转折说明只有某些动物能从其他个体的经验中学习。E选项“Butonlycertainanimalscanlearnfromtheexperienceofotherindividuals.(但是只有某些动物能从其他个体的经验中学习。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选E。【18题详析】由上文“Thereareotheroutcomestoanevolvedsociallearningability.(进化的社会学习能力还有其他结果。)”及下文“Basically,thesehabitssay“thankyouforlettingmelearnfromyou.”(基本上，这些习惯是在说“谢谢你让我从你那里学习。”)”可知，上文提到了社会学习能力的其他结果，下文则解释了这些习惯的含义，本空应具体说明这些习惯是什么。B选项“Theyincludeourhabitsofexpressinggratitudeandacknowledgement.(它们包括我们表达感激和认可的习惯。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选B。【19题详析】由下文“Acrossthecourseofhumandevelopment,whathasbeenselectedforintheevolutionaryprocessarenotjustphysicalcharacteristics—likethegiraffe’sneckoracertainfinch’sbeakshape—butalsobehavioralurges,perceivedsensations,andemotions.(在人类发展的过程中，进化过程中被选择的不仅仅是身体特征——比如长颈鹿的脖子或某种雀类的喙形——还有行为冲动、感知感觉和情绪。)”可知，下文说明了进化过程中被选择的不仅仅是身体特征，还包括行为冲动、感知感觉和情绪，本空应引出这一观点，说明这些解释了为什么我们从喜欢和被喜欢中获得快乐。G选项“Allthisexplainswhywehaveevolvedtogetsuchapleasurefromlikingandbeingliked.(所有这些都解释了为什么我们进化到从喜欢和被喜欢中获得快乐。)”能引出下文，符合语境。故选G。【20题详析】由上文“Andthisistheverydeeppsychologicalterritorythelikebuttonwasabletotapinto.(这就是点赞按钮能够触及的非常深的心理领域。)”及下文“Togivealikeonsomeoneelse’spost,knowingitwillmattertothem,sendsatinyfeel-goodsurgethroughthenervoussystemaswell.Thisisthekeytotherapidpopularityofthelikebuttoninouronlinelives:It’sjustnotpossibleforsomethingtobecomesopopularwithoutconnectingwithsomethingfundamentalinourbiology.(在别人的帖子上点赞，知道这对他们很重要，也会让神经系统产生一种小小的愉悦感。这就是点赞按钮在我们的网络生活中迅速流行的关键：如果不与我们的生物学中的某些基本元素相联系，某样东西是不可能如此受欢迎的。)”可知，上文说明了点赞按钮触及了深层的心理领域，下文则解释了点赞如何带来愉悦感以及点赞按钮的流行原因，本空应具体说明点赞如何带来愉悦感。F选项“Tocheckyourpostandseethatsomelikeshaveaccumulatedcausesasenseofjoy.(检查你的帖子，看到已经积累了一些点赞，会带来一种喜悦感。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Irecentlylearnedalesson:you’renevertoooldtolearn,nortooyoungtoteach.Thisisastoryaboutme,my10-year-oldson,andbasketball.Mysonplaysforalocalclubteam.Eachtimehe____21____thecourts,he’seagertoshowoffskills,knowingbasketballismyfavoritesport.Histeamisa(n)____22____bagoftalent.Somekidsarebetteratdribblingorshooting,whileothersaremore____23____,fightingtotakeeveryshot.Luckily,hiscoachemphasizessharing,____24____andworkingtogether.Thisseason,allwasfunandgamesuntilmyexpectations____25____.Iwantedmysontobeanall-starplayer—ignoringthathewasstilllearningthegame.WhenmywifeandIattendedonegame,Iwasbehavinglikeeveryotherparentinthestands,____26____yellingcommandsforhimtofollow.Afteramistake,helookedatme,handsraisedin____27____,nearlycrying.Ifeltlikeanoverbearingdad,____28____toohard.Iwasembarrassed—mybehaviorwasn’tjustoutofline,butmoresoforinjuringmysoninhis____29____offunandgames.IsawmyselfasadistractionandtoldhimI’d____30____hisnexttwogames.Yettomysurprise,heinvitedmetohismatch,andwitnessedhisfirstever____31____.IscreamedlikeI’dwatchedJordan’s1998game-winner.Histeamwon,andIwasoverjoyed.Afterthegame,we____32____andhugged.IadmittedIlackedhisconfidenceathisage,hopinghe’d____33____itthroughlife.Inthegameof____34____,ourkidscansometimescallfoul(犯规).Thankfully,Imanagedto____35____andstartedthenextplay.21.A.hits B.clears C.leaves D.approaches22.A.same B.mixed C.ordinary D.simple23.A.confident B.energetic C.cautious D.aggressive24.A.lifework B.ambition C.teamwork D.competition25.A.tookover B.fadedaway C.droppedoff D.cametrue26.A.calmly B.bitterly C.spiritedly D.indifferently27.A.anger B.delight C.confusion D.astonishment28.A.asking B.pushing C.helping D.teaching29.A.pursuit B.promise C.performance D.persistence30.A.win B.skip C.join D.watch31.A.show B.effort C.practice D.basket32.A.high-fived B.face-palmed C.break-danced D.second-guessed33.A.lose B.carry C.ignore D.restore34.A.life B.survival C.parenting D.fighting35.A.rest B.fail C.quit D.rebound【答案】21.D22.B23.D24.C25.A26.C27.C28.B29.A30.B31.D32.A33.B34.C35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因对儿子篮球赛期望过高而过度干预，后反思改正，最终见证儿子成长并收获感悟的故事。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次他走上球场，都渴望展示自己的球技，因为他知道篮球是我最喜欢的运动。A.hits撞击；B.clears清除；C.leaves离开；D.approaches靠近。根据后文“he’seagertoshowoffskills”可知，渴望展示自己的球技是在说儿子走近球场时的状态。故选D。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的球队人才济济，参差不齐。A.same相同的；B.mixed混合的，多样的；C.ordinary普通的；D.simple简单的。根据后文“Somekidsarebetteratdribblingorshooting,whileothersaremore”可知，球队里孩子们的才能各不相同，是参差不齐的，mixedbag表示“参差不齐的组合，参差不齐的一群人”，符合语境。故选B。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些孩子更擅长运球或投篮，而另一些孩子则更有进取心，努力争取每一次投篮机会。A.confident自信的；B.energetic精力充沛的；C.cautious谨慎的；D.aggressive有进取心的，好斗的。根据后文“fightingtotakeeveryshot”可知，这类孩子争抢投篮，性格上争强好胜。故选D。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，他的教练强调分享、团队合作和共同努力。A.lifework毕生的事业；B.ambition雄心；C.teamwork团队合作；D.competition竞争。根据前文“sharing”以及后文“workingtogether”可知，教练强调分享、团队合作和共同努力。故选C。【25题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个赛季，一切都很开心，直到我的期望占了上风。A.tookover接管，占据主导地位；B.fadedaway逐渐消失；C.droppedoff减少，下降；D.cametrue实现。根据后文“Iwantedmysontobeanall-starplayer—ignoringthathewasstilllearningthegame.”可知，作者希望儿子成为全明星球员，忽略了儿子还在学习比赛，说明作者的期望占了上风。故选A。【26题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我和妻子去看一场比赛时，我的行为就像看台上的其他家长一样，兴奋地大喊大叫，让他听从命令。A.calmly冷静地；B.bitterly痛苦地；C.spiritedly兴奋地，精神饱满地；D.indifferently冷漠地。根据后文“yellingcommandsforhimtofollow”可知，作者兴奋地大喊大叫，让儿子听从命令。故选C。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：犯了一个错误后，他双手举起，一脸困惑，几乎要哭了。A.anger愤怒；B.delight高兴；C.confusion困惑；D.astonishment惊讶。根据前文“Afteramistake”以及后文“nearlycrying”可知，孩子失误后面对父亲的指挥，内心是迷茫、不知所措的。故选C。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我觉得自己是个专横的父亲，逼得太紧了。A.asking询问；B.pushing逼迫，推动；C.helping帮助；D.teaching教。根据前文“Ifeltlikeanoverbearingdad”和前文不停指挥孩子的行为可知，作者对孩子要求过高、逼迫过紧，pushsb.hard为固定搭配，表示“逼某人太紧”。故选B。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到很尴尬——我的行为不仅出格，但更重要的是因为在儿子追求乐趣和游戏的过程中伤害了他。A.pursuit追求；B.promise承诺；C.performance表现；D.persistence坚持。根据后文“offunandgames”可知，孩子打球本是为了玩乐，作者的行为破坏了这份追求。故选A。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我觉得自己是个干扰，告诉他我不会参加他接下来的两场比赛。A.win赢得；B.skip跳过，不参加；C.join加入；D.watch观看。根据前文“Isawmyselfasadistraction”可知，作者觉得自己是个干扰，所以决定不参加儿子接下来的两场比赛。故选B。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，令我惊讶的是，他邀请我去看他的比赛，并见证了他有史以来的第一个进球。A.show表演；B.effort努力；C.practice练习；D.basket篮子，进球。根据后文“Histeamwon”可知，儿子的球队赢了，说明儿子进了球。故选D。【32题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：比赛结束后，我们击掌相庆，拥抱在一起。A.high-fived击掌庆祝；B.face-palmed捂脸；C.break-danced霹雳舞；D.second-guessed事后猜测。根据后文“andhugged”可知，比赛结束后，作者和儿子击掌相庆，拥抱在一起。故选A。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我承认我在他这个年纪时缺乏他的自信，希望他能在生活中一直保持这种自信。A.lose失去；B.carry携带，保持；C.ignore忽视；D.restore恢复。根据后文“itthroughlife”可知，作者希望儿子能在生活中一直保持这种自信。carrysth.throughlife为固定搭配，表“一生拥有/保持某物”。故选B。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在为人父母的比赛中，我们的孩子有时会判我们犯规。A.life生活；B.survival生存；C.parenting为人父母；D.fighting战斗。根据后文“ourkidscansometimescallfoul”以及全文可知，文章围绕作者作为父亲，在孩子打球过程中的教育失误展开，此处用篮球的“吹犯规”比喻育儿中家长的不当行为。故选C。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，我成功重新振作起来，开启了育儿的下一个“回合”。A.rest休息；B.fail失败；C.quit退出；D.rebound重新振作；反弹（篮球术语，表抢篮板后继续进攻）。根据后文“startedthenextplay”可知，此处延续篮球的比喻，rebound既符合篮球语境，又指作者从育儿的失误中醒悟、重新调整心态。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。B