江苏省无锡市某校2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1江苏省无锡市某校2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABroadcomMASTERS’(Math,AppliedScience,TechnologyandEngineeringforRisingStars),aprogrammeofSocietyforScience&thePublic,isanationalsciencecompetitionformiddleschoolstudents.Herearefourawardwinnersthisyear.AlainaGassler,14,inWestGrove,Pennsylvania,wonthe$25,000SamueliFoundationPrizeforherprojectreducingblindspotsincars.Shedesignedasystemthatcandisplayanythingthatmightblockthedriver’slineofsight.Alainawasinspiredtocreateherdeviceafterseeinghermotherstrugglewithblindspotsintheirfamilyautomobile.AlexisMacAvoy,14,inHillsborough,California,wonthe$10,000RobertWoodJohnsonFoundationAwardforHealthAdvancement,recognizingherhardworkandexcellentperformanceinhealth-relatedfields.Alexisdesignedafilter(过滤器)usingcarbontoremoveheavymetalsfromwater.RachelBergey,14,inHarleysville,Pennsylvania,wonthe$10,000LemelsonAwardforInvention,awardedbyTheLemelsonFoundationtoayounginventorcreatingpromisingsolutionstoreal-worldproblems.Racheldevelopedatrapmadeoftinfoil(锡纸)andnettingfortheSpottedLanternfly(斑点灯笼蝇),aspeciescausingdamagetotreesinPennsylvania.SidorClare,14,inSandy,Utah,wonthe$10,000Marconi/SamueliAwardforInnovation,anhonourmadepossiblebySamueli’sgenerousdonationofhis2012MarconiSocietyPrizeAward.SidordevelopedbricksthatcouldonedaybemadeonMars,sothathumanswouldnotberequiredtobringbuildingmaterialsinordertobuildthere.Thewinnerswereselectedbyagroupofdistinguishedscientists,engineersandeducators.Eachwinner’sschoolwillreceive$1,000fromBroadcomMASTERS’tobenefittheirscienceprogrammes.1.Whoseinventionhelpsimproveroadsafety?A.AlainaGassler’s. B.AlexisMacAvoy’s.C.RachelBergey’s. D.SidorClare’s.2.WhatisthefunctionofthefilterdesignedbyAlexis?A.Collectheavymetals. B.Trapcarbon.C.Purifydrinkingwater. D.Removeair.3.WhatdoweknowaboutSidorClare?A.Shereceivedthelargestaward. B.Shepaidmoreattentiontospace.C.Shewasaproductiveinventor. D.Shewasinspiredbylanternflies.BIhavealwaysbeenpassionateaboutart,butwithchildrentofeedandeducate,pursuingitseemedimpossible.At83,Ifinallyregisteredforartschool.Bornin1933,Iledalifemarkedbyfamilystrugglesbutalsoresilience(适应力).Istudiedmechanicalengineeringandlatermanagement,becominganassociateprofessoratbusinessschool,whereInowholdemeritus(荣誉退休的)status.Abouttenyearsago,aftermywifefellillwithAlzheimer’sandrequiredcare,Iturnedtopainting.Determinedtotakethisnewpathseriously,IappliedtoanartprogrammeinBarcelona,insistingonpaintingdespiteadvicetostudyarthistory.Balancingmystudieswithwork,ittookmesevenyearstocompletethefour-yearcourse,graduatinglastyearattheageof90.Returningtoschoolwasachallenge;everythinghadchangedsincemyearliereducation.Mostofmyclassmateswereintheir20s,buttheywelcomedmewarmly,oftenseekingmyadviceduetomylifeexperience.Iencounteredsomeresistancefromacoupleofteachersearlyon,butIkeptgoing.Thefirsttwoyearsfocusedonflowers,stilllifes,andlandscapes,beforeweexploredabstraction,whichIenjoymost.Ibelievethattalentcomesfromhardwork;sometimesIfeelstuck,butIpushthrough.MyartisticinfluencesincludeSpanishpainterslikeFranciscodeZurbaránandJoaquínSorolla,andwhileIappreciatebeauty,Ivaluegoodnessandtruthevenmore.Icreateabstractlandscapesfrommemory,expressingmyemotionsthroughcolour.Ipaintprimarilyonweekendsandduringholidays.WhileIdon’tplantoexhibitextensively,myworkwasdisplayedinasmallvillageforsixmonths,thoughitreceivedlittleattention.Afteralifetimeinengineeringandeducation,Imaynotfullyidentifyasanartist,butInowhavetherecognitionthatsupportsmyjourneyintoart.4.Whydidtheauthordecidetopursueartat83?A.TofindcuresforAlzheimer’s. B.Tochangehiscareerpath.C.Topursuehispassionforart. D.Tosupporthisbigfamily.5.Howdidtheauthor’sclassmatesreacttohim?A.Theyenjoyedhiscompany. B.Theytendedtoignorehim.C.Theyinspiredhimtogoon. D.Theyresistedhispresence.6.Whichbestdescribestheauthor’sartjourney?A.Eventful. B.Romantic. C.Casual. D.Challenging.7.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheStruggleofOldArtists. B.FromEngineeringtoArt.C.TheValueofArtEducation. D.ALifetimeofArtPursuit.CImagineyouneedmilk,soyougotothegrocerystoretopicksomeup,onlytofindtherearedozensofoptions.Thesedays,notonlydoyouhavetomakeadecisiononthepercentageoffatyouwant,butalsowhatsourceyouwantyourmilktobecomingfrom:cows,soybeans...Youhavenoideawhatmilktopick.Therearesomanychoicesthatyouareoverwhelmed.Thisphenomenonisknownastheparadox(悖论)ofchoiceanditisbecomingaconcerninthemodernworld,wheremoreandmoreoptionsarebecomingeasilyavailabletous.Whilewemightbelievethatbeingpresentedwithmultipleoptionsactuallymakesiteasiertochooseonethatwearehappywith,andthusincreasesconsumersatisfaction,havingtoomanyoptionsactuallyrequiresmoreefforttomakeadecisionandcanleaveusfeelingunsatisfiedwithourchoice.TheideawaspopularizedbyAmericanpsychologistBarrySchwartzwhenhepublishedhisbook,TheParadoxofChoice:WhyMoreisLess.Schwartz,whohaslongstudiedthewaysinwhicheconomicsandpsychologyintersect(交叉),becameinterestedinseeingthewaythatchoiceswereaffectingthehappinessofcitizensinWesternsocieties.Heidentifiedthattherangeofchoicesthatwehaveavailabletousthesedaysisfargreaterthanpeoplehadinthepast;however,consumersatisfactionhasnotincreasedasmuchastraditionaleconomicstheoriesmightexpect.Schwartzidentifiedthattheparadoxofchoicecarriesthemostconsequenceforpeoplethataremaximizers.Maximizers,unlikesatisficers,areconcernedwithmakingthebestchoiceinsteadofsimplymakingachoicethattheyarehappywith.Whentherearemanyoptionsavailabletomaximizers,itbecomesharderforthemtodeterminewhichisthebest,whichcancausethemtofeelagreatdealofregretaftertheyhavemadeachoice.Insteadofbelievingthatfreedomofchoiceisunbounded,Schwartzadvocatesthattheroleofpsychologyandbehaviouraleconomicsistofindthekindoflimitationsonfreedomthatcanleadtothegreatestlevelofhappinesswithinsociety.8.WhydoestheauthormentionbuyingmilkinParagraph1?A.Todrawaconclusion. B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Toleadinatopic. D.Toexplainarule.9.Whatdoestheparadoxofchoicesuggest?A.Moreoptionsmeanlessfreedom.B.Consumersatisfactionhasgreatlyincreased.C.Peoplearehappywithmorechoice.D.Modernmenarehappierthantheirancestors.10.Whatcanbelearntaboutsatisficers?A.Theyaimfortheverybest. B.Theysettleforgoodenough.C.Theyoftenregrettheirdecisions. D.Theyhavetroublemakingdecisions.11.WhatdoesSchwartzsuggestpeopledo?A.Holdontotheirbeliefs. B.Accepttheirownbehaviour.C.Giveupfreedom. D.Limittheirownchoices.DTypically,meteors(流星)areblink-and-you’ll-miss-itevents.Asparticlesofspacedustzipthroughtheatmosphere,theycreateabrightflashbeforeevaporating.However,somemeteorsleavebehindalastingglow,aphenomenonthatastronomershaveobservedforoveracentury,thoughitsoriginsremainedunclear.Nowthefirstsystematicsurveyoftheselastingtrails(尾迹)revealsthattheirlikelihooddependsontheheightatwhichthemeteorburns,ratherthanitsspeedorbrightness.Thisfindingchallengespreviousassumptionsthatonlythebrightestandfastestmeteorscouldproduceafterglows.Earlierstudiessuggestedthesetrailswererare,occurringinabout1in750meteors,primarilyassociatedwiththebrightestexamples.Ontheotherhand,somerecentobservationsfocusedontheLeonidmeteorstorm(狮子座流星雨)concludedthatonlythefastestmeteors,travellingaround70kilometrespersecond,lefttrails.Butthesesurveyswerenotaccurate.Tocreateamorecomprehensivecatalog(目录),researcherssetupacamerainNewMexicotoobservethesamesectionofskyfornearlytwoyears.FromOctober2021toJuly2023,nearly7,500meteorswererecorded,withabout850leavinglastingtrails.Notonlyweretrailsmorecommonthanexpected—about1in8meteorsleftatrail,and1in19lastedlongerthanfiveminutes—buttrailswereleftbymeteorsofallspeedsandbrightnesses.Thedeterminingfactorinleavingtrailswasfoundtobethepresenceofozone.Meteorspenetratingtoaltitudesof90kilometreshadahigherlikelihoodofleavingtrailsthanthosethatwerehigherduetothesmallconcentrationofozone(臭氧)athigheraltitudes.Lastingtrailsformwhenmetalsfromthemeteorreactwithoxygen,particularlyozone,intheatmosphere.Thischemicalreactiongivesoffheatandlight,sustainingtheglowfortensofminutes,orevenuptoanhour,creatingbrilliant,snake-likeformationsthattwistinthewind.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evaporating”inPara.1mean?A.Changing. B.Disappearing. C.Burning. D.Moving.13.Whichplaysthemajorroleinthephenomenonaccordingtothesystematicsurvey?A.Howfastameteortravels. B.Howbrightameteorappears.C.Howhighameteorburns. D.Howclearlyameteorisseen.14.Whyarethepreviousstudies’findingsinaccurate?A.Thetrailsaremuchmoreordinary.B.Thetrailsareleftbyslowmeteors.C.Thetrailsaremuchmorelasting.D.Thetrailsarebrighterthanmeteors.15.Whatcausesthetrailstocomeintoexistenceaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Meteorsreactingwithatmosphere. B.Thelowerconcentrationofozone.C.Meteorsgivingofflightontheirown. D.Windkeepingthetrailsintheair.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thereisnobetterfeelingthantakingcontrolofyourlifeandfindingthepowertomakeyourdreamscometrue.Here’showtomakeithappen.BelieveinyourselfAlthoughitiseasiersaidthandone,havingastrongbeliefinyourselfisthefirststeptosuccessfullyachievingyourdreams.____16____Ifself-confidenceissomethingthatyoustrugglewith,therearemanyactivitiesthatyoucandotobuildyourself-esteem,likesteppingoutofyourcomfortzoneandacceptingnewchallenges.

Developanactionplan____17____Ifyouwanttolaunchabusiness,createatimelinethatoutlinesthestepsyouneedtotake.Ifyouhaveagoalofsavingmoremoney,drawupabudgetthatoutlinesyourincomeandexpenses.

Onceyouhavetheinitialvisionmappedout,breakdowneachstepintomanageablechunksandassignthemdeadlines.____18____Andasyoucompleteactionitemsandcrossthemoffyourlist,yourbigdauntinggoalwillstarttofeelmoreandmoreachievable.

TakerisksRiskismorethanjustafour-letterword—itisanessentialpartofachievingsuccess.Takingrisksmeansseekingoutnewopportunitiesandpushingyourselftoexpandyourcomfortzone.Ifyoufeelfrightenedorevenparalyzedbyrisk,recognizethatthereareonlytwopotentialoutcomes:successorfailure.____19____Byfollowingthesestrategiesandremainingdedicatedtoyourgoals,youcanempoweryourselftoreachforthestars!____20____Youareonlyeverafewstepsawayfromfulfillmentandsuccess.A.Afterall,conqueringyourdreamsisnoeasytask.B.Andtheexperiencegainedfromeitherisinvaluable.C.Sogetoutthereandstartmakingyourdreamsarealitytoday!D.Inmanycases,thiscourageisallthatstandsbetweenyouandyourdreams.E.Thiswillhelpyoutoprioritizeyoureffortsandstayfocusedonthetaskathand.F.Tomakeyourdreamsareality,youfirstmusttranslatethemintoactionablegoals.G.Thismeanshavingfaithinyourabilitiesandtrustingthatyoucanshapeyourfuture.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MyfamilyhavelivedintheMaranhãoregionofnorthernBrazilforgenerations.Forcenturies,mypeoplehave____21____thenaturalworldthere,lookingaftertheAmazonrainforest.Ourtraditionshelpussustaintheenvironment,and____22____natureprovidesforus:treesgiveusfoodandmedicine.

Ourcommunityinherited(继承)ourcustomsfromthosewhowentbeforeus.Also____23____tous,however,wastheneedto____24____.Since1500,ourlandhasbeenunderconstant____25____.Ourenvironmentisbeingdestroyedforcapitalistgreedandgain.

Asachild,mygrandfather____26____allthistome.Heunderstoodthedangerspeopleandtheplanet____27____.He’snolongerwithus,butIcontinuehislegacy(遗产),becausethethreathasgot____28____inrecentdecades.Aroundusareillegal____29____,huntingandmining.

Wetakemattersintoourownhandstoprotectourland.WefoundedtheGuardiansoftheForest.Whenweseeanillegalcampor____30____anewincursion(入侵),weGuardianshavea(n)____31____—ourknowledgeoftheforestrunsfardeeperthantheirs.Ournetworkscooperate,studythearea,andpreparetoact.Welookforthebestwayto____32____whileminimizingtheriskstooursafety.

Weagreeontactics(战术),thensurroundthecamps,anddestroytheirequipmentandtrucks,leavingthemwithnochoicebuttogo____33____.

Ourresistanceis____34____.In2012,wefound72illegalentrypointsintoourlandwhichneeded____35____.Today,thereareonlyfive.21.A.developed B.preserved C.shaped D.explored22.A.inreturn B.bychance C.onpurpose D.todate23.A.givenaway B.calledon C.passeddown D.leftbehind24.A.tolerate B.adapt C.struggle D.fight25.A.attack B.watch C.guidance D.stress26.A.referred B.explained C.exposed D.owed27.A.caused B.presented C.faced D.recognize28.A.milder B.worse C.rarer D.clearer29.A.shipping B.spying C.climbing D.logging30.A.identify B.empty C.escape D.oppose31.A.duty B.mercy C.excuse D.advantage32.A.stay B.launch C.approach D.submit33.A.camping B.racing C.packing D.hiking34.A.fading B.working C.declining D.beginning35.A.closing B.improving C.reserving D.expanding第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Twobronzesculptures(铜像)ofthegreatChinesephilosophersConfuciusandLaoTzu____36____(show)inMayatBatlleParkinMontevideo,thecapitalofUruguay(乌拉圭).Theartwork,namedInSearchofWisdom—ConfuciusAskingLaoTzuAbouttheTao,ismadeupoftwofigures____37____(stand)7.8metrestall.ItisaworkcreatedbyWuWeishan,awell-knownsculptor.

ThesculpturesshowConfuciusaskingLaoTzuabouttheTao,a____38____(centre)ideainTaoism.In2018,LuciaTopolansky,thenvice-presidentofUruguay,madeaspecialtrip____39____Wu’sworkshopduringhervisittoChina.Immediately____40____(attract)bythesculptures,shetoldWuthatshewantedthemtofindahomeinUruguayin____41____hopeofmakingfuturegenerationslistentothehistoricdialoguebetweenthesetwogreat____42____(man).Sixyearslater,thesculpturescrossedtheoceanandwereplacedamongthetreesinBatllePark.Whentheyfinallytouchedtheground,Wuwas___43___(extreme)excited.

Overthelast2,000years,theteachingsofConfucius____44____(spread)toEastAsia,Europe,____45____theAmericas,leavingtheirmarktheworldover.第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.口语课上，外教Ryan组织同学们讨论是否使用翻译软件来辅助英语学习。请你代表小组发言，内容包括：1.小组观点；2.陈述理由。注意：词数80左右。Hello,everyone!________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thankyouforlistening!第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。ItwasNewYear’sDay.Pappywasworkingalonefixinganoldlanterninthebackroomwhenheheardtheringofhisbellontheshopdoor.Thebell,whichproducedauniquelypleasantsound,hadbeeninPappy’sfamilyforoverahundredyears.Hevalueditdearlyandenjoyedsharingitssongwithallwhocametohisshop.Althoughthebellwashungontheinsideofthemaindoor,Pappyhadtiedawiretothescreendoorsothatitwouldringwhethertheinnerdoorwasopenornot.Hearingthebell,heleftthebackroomtogreethiscustomer.“AndhowcanIhelpyou,littlelady?”Pappy’svoicewasjoyful.“Hello,sir.”Thelittlegirlspokealmostinawhisper.ShelookedatPappywithherbigbrowneyes,andthenslowlyscannedtheroominsearchofsomethingspecial.Shylyshetoldhim,“I’dl