2026年托福写作iBT真题

2026年托福写作iBT真题第一部分：学术讨论写作真题一：人工智能与艺术创作的价值题目内容：Professor:Thisweek,weareexploringtheimpactofArtificialIntelligence(AI)onthearts.WithAItoolsnowcapableofgeneratingcomplexpaintings,composingmusic,andevenwritingpoetry,adebatehasemerged.DoestheinvolvementofAIdevaluetheartwork,ordoesitrepresentanewformoflegitimatecreativity?Whatareyourthoughtsonthis?Sarah:IbelieveAIartdevaluestheeffortputintohumancreation.Artisaboutthehumanexperienceandtheemotionbehindthework.Analgorithmdoesn'tfeelsadnessorjoy;itjustprocessesdata.WhenwepraiseAI-generatedimages,weareessentiallypraisingtheefficiencyofamachine,nothumanspirit,whichshouldbethecoreofart.Mike:Idisagree,Sarah.Thinkofphotographyasaparallel.Whenthecamerawasinvented,peoplesaidpaintingwasdeadbecauseamachinecapturedreality.Instead,photographybecameitsownartform.AIisjustanothertool,likeabrushoracamera.Itallowspeoplewithoutfinemotorskillstoexpresstheirimaginationvisually.Itdemocratizesart.高分范文：WhileSarahraisesavalidpointregardingtheemotionalauthenticityofart,IalignmorewithMike’sperspectivethatAIservesasarevolutionarytoolratherthanareplacementforhumancreativity.TheintegrationofAIintotheartsdoesnotdevaluetheartwork;rather,itshiftsthefocusfromtechnicalexecutiontoconceptualideation,therebyexpandingthedefinitionofcreativity.First,theargumentthatAIlacks"humanexperience"overlooksthefactthattheAIismerelyatoolinthehandsofahumanoperator.AnAImodeldoesnotgenerateartinavacuum;itrespondstospecificprompts,styles,andparameterscuratedbyahuman.The"soul"oftheartworkcomesfromthehuman'sdecisiontocombinedisparateelementsintoacoherentpiece.Forinstance,whenanartistusesAItovisualizeasurreallandscapedepictingtheiranxiety,themachineprovidesrendering,buttheconcept—theanxiety—isinherentlyhuman.Therefore,thevalueoftheartremainstiedtotheintentoftheuser,notthealgorithm.Furthermore,Mike’scomparisontophotographyisastute.Historyhasshownthattechnologicaladvancementsoftenfaceinitialresistancebuteventuallyenrichtheartisticlandscape.Justasphotographyfreedpaintersfromtheneedtoreplicaterealityperfectly—pavingthewayforabstractmovementslikeImpressionism—AIcanfreeartistsfromthetediousaspectsofrendering.Thisallowscreatorstofocusmoreoncomplexnarrativestructuresandconceptualdepth.Ifwelimitarttoonlywhatcanbemadewithtraditionalhandtools,westifleinnovation.AIdemocratizationensuresthatthosewithvividimaginationsbutlimitedmanualdexteritycanstillcontributetoourculturaltapestry.Inconclusion,AIshouldbeviewedasacollaborativepartnerinthecreativeprocess.Itenhancesaccessibilityandpushestheboundariesofwhatisvisuallypossible,provingthatartisdefinedbythevisionbehindthework,notjustthemethodofitsproduction.答案解析：1.核心观点：文章支持Mike的观点，认为AI是工具而非威胁，强调艺术的核心在于人的意图而非技术手段。2.论证逻辑：反驳Sarah：指出AI是由人操控的，创作的核心意图来自人类，机器只是执行者。支持Mike：引用摄影术的历史类比，说明新技术往往先被抵制后丰富艺术，AI能解放艺术家专注于概念创新。3.词汇与句式：使用了"alignmorewith,""conceptualideideation,""inavacuum,""disparateelements,""astute,""tapestry"等高阶词汇。句式包含复杂的长难句和插入语，符合托福高分标准。***真题二：远程办公对城市经济的影响题目内容：Professor:Asremoteworkbecomesthenormformanyindustries,theeconomiclandscapeofmajorcitiesischanging.Fewerpeoplearecommutingtocitycentersdaily.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostsignificanteconomicconsequenceofthisshift?Willitbenegativeorpositiveforcitiesinthelongrun?Claire:Ithinkitwillbelargelynegative.Citycentersrelyonofficeworkersbuyingcoffee,lunch,andshoppingduringtheday.Ifeveryonestayshome,thesesmallbusinesseswillcollapse.Moreover,thevalueofcommercialrealestatewillplummet,leadingtoafinancialcrisisforthecity.Thevibrancyofthecityisatstake.David:I'mactuallyoptimistic.Thisshiftforcescitiestorethinktheirzoningandinfrastructure.Insteadofbeing"9-to-5"ghosttowns,officescanbeconvertedintoresidentialapartments.Thissolvesthehousingshortageandmakescitiesmorelivablebycreatingtrue24-hourmixed-usecommunities.It'sapainfultransitionbutanecessaryrevitalization.高分范文：WhileClairerightlyidentifiestheimmediateriskstoservicebusinesses,IconcurwithDavidthatthelong-termconsequenceofremoteworkwillbeapositivestructuralrevitalizationofcities,providedtheyadapteffectively.Theshiftawayfromcentralizedcommutingoffersauniqueopportunitytocorrectdecadesofurbanplanningerrors,specificallyregardinghousingdensityandlivability.Theprimarybenefitliesinthepotentialforadaptivereuseofrealestate.Fordecades,citycentershavebeenoverlycommercialized,creatingdesertsofactivityafterbusinesshours.AsDavidsuggests,thedeclineindemandfortraditionalofficespaceshouldnotbeviewedmerelyasaloss,butasaresourcereallocation.Byconvertingvacantofficetowersintoresidentialunits,citiescanalleviatethechronichousingshortagesthatdriveuplivingcostsandpushessentialworkerstothesuburbs.Thistransformationcreatesafeedbackloop:moreresidentsinthecitycenterincreasesthedemandforlocalamenitieslikegrocerystores,pharmacies,andentertainment,whichreplacesthelostdemandfromofficeworkers.Moreover,thisshiftreducesthestrainontransportationinfrastructure.Thetraditionalmodelof"hub-and-spoke"commuting,wherethousandstravelintoasmallcoretwiceaday,isinefficientandenvironmentallydamaging.Adecentralizedorredistributedworkforcereducestrafficcongestionandpollution,improvingtheoverallqualityoflife.Thismakesthecitymoreattractivenotjustforbusinesses,butforfamiliesandretirees,diversifyingthedemographicmakeup.Inconclusion,althoughthetransitionpresentsshort-termeconomicchallengesforcertainsectors,thelong-termconsequenceallowscitiestoevolveintomoresustainable,human-centricenvironments.Thepivotfrom"businessdistricts"to"mixed-useneighborhoods"representsanecessaryevolutionformodernurbanliving.答案解析：1.核心观点：支持David，认为远程办公将推动城市长期的结构性复兴，解决住房短缺和单一化问题。2.论证逻辑：资源重新分配：办公楼转住宅，解决住房危机，带来新的人口和消费需求。基础设施减负：减少潮汐式通勤，改善环境，提升生活质量，使城市更多样化。3.词汇与句式：使用了"concur,""adaptivereuse,""overlycommercialized,""resourcereallocation,""chronic,""feedbackloop,""decentralized,""human-centric"等词汇。逻辑连贯，使用了因果论证和对比论证。***真题三：博物馆数字化与实体体验题目内容：Professor:Manymuseumsarenowdigitizingtheircollections,allowingpeopletoviewartifactsandartworksonlineinhighresolution.Somearguethismakescultureaccessibletoeveryone,whileothersfearitdiminishesthevalueofvisitingthemuseuminperson.Shouldmuseumsprioritizetheirdigitalpresenceortheirphysicalexhibitions?Emily:Museumsshoulddefinitelyprioritizedigitalaccess.MostpeoplecannotaffordtotraveltoseetheLouvreortheBritishMuseum.Byputtingeverythingonline,wedemocratizeculture.AstudentinaruralvillagecanhavethesameaccesstohistoryasastudentinParis.Educationismoreimportantthanthe"atmosphere"ofabuilding.James:Ithinkprioritizingdigitalisamistake.Themagicofamuseumisstandinginfrontofaphysicalobject—seeingitstexture,itsscale,anditsage.Ascreenflattenseverythingintopixels.Ifmuseumsfocustoomuchononlinetraffic,theymightreducefundingforpreservingtheactualartifacts,whichareirreplaceable.Digitalisasupplement,notareplacement.高分范文：Ibelievethatwhiledigitalaccessibilityiscrucialforeducation,museumsmustcontinuetoprioritizetheirphysicalexhibitions.Theessenceofamuseumisnotmerelytheinformationitconveys,butthevisceralencounterwithhistorythatphysicalartifactsprovide.Anover-relianceondigitalplatformsrisksreducingculturetomeredata,strippingitofitstangiblecontext.First,Emily’sargumentaboutdemocratizationiscompelling,butitassumesthatviewinganimageisequivalenttoviewingtheobject.Itisnot.Thephysicalpresenceofanartifactcarriesanaurathatascreencannotreplicate.Forexample,seeingthebrushstrokesonaVanGoghpaintingorthesheerscaleofanancientEgyptianstatueevokesaphysiologicalresponsethatcreatesadeeper,morememorableconnectiontohistory.AsJamesnoted,thissensoryexperience—texture,lighting,scale—isfundamentaltotheappreciationofartandhistory.Ifmuseumsprioritizedigitaloverphysical,theybecomenothingmorethanhighlycuratedwebsites,losingtheuniquesanctuarytheyprovide.Furthermore,prioritizingphysicalexhibitionsisessentialforthepreservationoftheartifactsthemselves.Digitizationisaresource-intensiveprocess.Ifamuseum’sbudgetandstrategicfocusshiftentirelytothevirtualrealm,thecriticalworkofconservation—climatecontrol,restoration,andsecurity—maysuffer.Thephysicalobjectsaretheprimarysources;thedigitalimagesaremerelyderivatives.Wemustprotecttheoriginalsourcestoensurethatfuturegenerationsevenhavehistorytodigitize.Inconclusion,museumsshouldviewdigitaleffortsasamarketingtooltoencouragephysicalvisits,ratherthanareplacementforthem.Themissionofamuseumistopreserveandpresentreality,notjusttodistributeinformation.Therefore,thephysicalexhibitionmustremainthepriority.答案解析：1.核心观点：认为博物馆应优先考虑实体展览，因为数字化无法替代实体带来的感官体验，且过度关注数字化可能影响文物保护。2.论证逻辑：感官体验：实体文物具有“灵韵”，包括笔触、尺度等，屏幕无法复制。文物保护：预算和精力若全投向数字化，可能损害文物保存工作。3.词汇与句式：使用了"visceralencounter,""tangiblecontext,""physiologicalresponse,""resource-intensive,""derivatives,""sanctuary"等词汇。论证深刻，强调了“体验”与“信息”的区别。***第二部分：综合写作真题四：琥珀中保存恐龙DNA的可能性题目内容：ReadingPassage:ThepossibilityofextractingdinosaurDNAfrominsectspreservedinamberhaslongfascinatedscientistsandthepublic.Whilethemovie"JurassicPark"popularizedthisconcept,recentstudiessuggestitmightbescientificallyfeasible.ThreemainargumentssupportthepotentialforrecoveringdinosaurDNAfromamber.First,amberactsasasuperiorpreservative.Whentreeresinhardensintoamber,itcreatesahermeticsealaroundthetrappedinsect,protectingitfromairandwater.Thisdehydrationprocesspreventsthedecayofsofttissues,includingtheDNAinsidetheinsect'sgut.Iftheinsecthadjustfedonadinosaur,tracesofdinosaurbloodandDNAwouldbepreservedperfectlywithinthisgoldentimecapsule.Second,scientistshavesuccessfullyextractedancientDNAfromamber-preservedspecimensbefore.Intheearly1990s,ateamofresearchersclaimedtohaveisolatedDNAfromaweeviltrappedinamberthatwasover120millionyearsold.Althoughtherewascontroversy,thefactthatgeneticmaterialwasidentifiedatallsuggeststhatthechemicalstabilityofamberallowsDNAtosurvivefarlongerthanpreviouslythoughtpossible.Third,newtechniquesallowfortheretrievalofhighlyfragmentedDNA.EveniftheDNAstrandsarebrokenintotinypiecesovermillionsofyears,moderncomputingandsequencingalgorithmscanpiecethesefragmentsbacktogether.Justaswecansolvecomplexjigsawpuzzles,advancedbioinformaticscanreconstructthegeneticcodeofadinosaurfromminusculesegmentsfoundinamber-preservedparasites.ListeningTranscript:(Professor)TheideaofgettingdinosaurDNAfromamberisexciting,butunfortunately,thescientificconsensushasturnedagainstit.Theargumentsyoureadaboutarelargelybasedonoutdatedoroverlyoptimisticdata.Therealityismuchbleaker.First,regardingthepreservativequalityofamber:it’struethatamberkeepsinsectsphysicallyintact,butitdoesnotpreservetheirchemicalintegrityperfectly.Amberisorganicandchemicallyunstable.Overmillionsofyears,theamberitselfcanundergochemicalchanges.Moreimportantly,waterisoftentrappedinsidetheresinbeforeithardens.ThisresidualwaterallowstheDNAtohydrolyze—meaningitbreaksdownduetoreactionwithwater.So,the"hermeticseal"isn'tactuallywatertight,andtheDNAinsidedegradescompletely.Second,thecaseofthe120-million-year-oldweevilDNAmentionedinthereadinghasbeendebunked.Whenotherscientiststriedtoreplicatetheresults,theyfailed.ItturnsoutthattheDNAextractedintheoriginalstudywasnotancientDNAatall;itwasmoderncontamination.Thesamplehadlikelybeencontaminatedbytheresearchers'ownskincellsorlabequipment.SincewecannotdistinguishbetweenashortfragmentofancientdinosaurDNAandmoderncontamination,wecannottrustanysuchclaims.Third,whilewehavepowerfulcomputers,thereisalimittowhattheycando.DNAdegradationfollowsaspecificchemicalrate.Evenunderidealconditions,DNAbreaksdowncompletelyafterabout1to2millionyears.Dinosaurswentextinct65millionyearsago.Thereissimplynothinglefttosequence.Noalgorithmcanreconstructdatathathasbeencompletelyerasedbytime.It’snotapuzzlewithmissingpieces;it’sapuzzlewherethepieceshaveturnedtodust.题目：Summarizethepointsmadeinthelecture,beingsuretoexplainhowtheycastdoubtonthepointsmadeinthereadingpassage.高分范文：ThereadingpassagesuggeststhatextractingdinosaurDNAfromamber-preservedinsectsisaviablescientificpossibility,citingamber'spreservativequalities,previoussuccessesinDNAextraction,andmodernreconstructiontechniques.However,thelecturechallengesthesearguments,assertingthatDNAcannotsurviveforthemillionsofyearsrequired.First,thereadingclaimsthatambercreatesaperfectsealthatdehydratesandprotectsinsecttissuesandDNA.ThelecturerrefutesthisbyexplainingthatamberisnotchemicallystableenoughtopreserveDNAperfectly.Shepointsoutthatwaterisoftentrappedinsidetheresinbeforeithardens.Thisresidualwaterallowshydrolysistooccur,causingtheDNAtobreakdownchemicallyovertime.Therefore,thesealisnotasprotectiveasthereadingimplies.Second,thereadingpointstoa1990sstudywhereDNAwasextractedfroma120-million-year-oldweevilasproofofconcept.Thelecturecountersthisbystatingthatthisstudyhasbeendiscredited.Attemptstoreplicatetheexperimentfailed,anditwasdeterminedthattheoriginalresultswereduetomoderncontamination,likelyfromtheresearchers'skinorequipment,ratherthanancientgeneticmaterial.Third,thereadingarguesthatmoderntechnologycanreconstructdinosaurDNAfromfragmentedpieces,similartosolvingapuzzle.ThelecturecontradictsthisbycitingthechemicalrateofDNAdegradation.SheexplainsthatDNAcompletelydegradesafteramaximumof1to2millionyears.Sincedinosaurswentextinct65millionyearsago,nogeneticmaterialremains.Consequently,computeralgorithmscannotreconstructdatathathasentirelyvanishedduetoage.答案解析：1.结构分析：经典的“反驳型”综合写作。听力逐一反驳阅读中的三个论点。2.关键点覆盖：Point1:阅读说琥珀防水；听力说琥珀里有残留水导致水解。Point2:阅读说有成功提取案例；听力说该案例已被证伪是现代污染。Point3:阅读说电脑能拼凑碎片；听力说DNA在100-200万年后完全降解，65百万年已无迹可寻。3.语言表达：准确使用了"debunked,""hydrolysis,""replicate,""contamination,""chemicalrateofdegradation"等术语。过渡词使用得当，逻辑清晰。***真题五：生物燃料的优缺点题目内容：ReadingPassage:Biofuels,fuelsderiveddirectlyfromlivingmatterlikecornoralgae,areoftenhailedasthesolutiontotheworld'senergyproblems.Theyofferseveralsignificantadvantagesovertraditionalfossilfuels.First,biofuelsarearenewableenergysource.Unlikeoilorcoal,whichtakemillionsofyearstoformandarefinite,cropsusedforbiofuelscanbereplantedandharvestedannually.Thisensuresacontinuoussupplyofenergythatwillnotrunout,providinglong-termenergysecurityfornations.Second,biofuelsarecarbon-neutral.Thecarbondioxidereleasedwhenburningbiofuelsisroughlyequaltotheamountofcarbondioxidethattheplantsabsorbedwhilegrowing.Therefore,replacingfossilfuelswithbiofuelswouldsignificantlyreducethenetamountofgreenhousegasesaddedtotheatmosphere,helpingtocombatglobalwarming.Third,thebiofuelindustrystimulateseconomicgrowth,particularlyintheagriculturalsector.Bycreatingamassivenewmarketforcropslikecornandsoy,farmerscanincreasetheirprofitsandstabilizetheirincomes.Thisreducestheneedforgovernmentsubsidiesandrevitalizesruraleconomiesthathavebeenstruggling.ListeningTranscript:(Professor)Whilethepromiseofbiofuelsisattractive,therealityismuchmorecomplicated.Thereadingoverlookssomeseriousdrawbacksthatmakebiofuelsfarlessbeneficialthantheyappear.First,theclaimthatbiofuelsarerenewableignoresthelandandwaterrequirements.Togrowenoughcropstoreplacefossilfuels,wewouldneedvastamountsofarableland.Thisoftenleadstodeforestation,asforestsareclearedtomakewayforfuelcrops.Destroyingforestsreleasesmassiveamountsofstoredcarbonanddestroysecosystems.So,the"renewable"labelhidesadestructiveenvironmentalcost.Second,biofuelsarenotactuallycarbon-neutralwhenyoulookatthefullproductioncycle.Thereadingonlyconsiderstheabsorptionduringgrowthandreleaseduringburning.However,farmingrequiresheavymachinerythatrunsondiesel,andtheproductionoffertilizersreleasesnitrousoxide,apotentgreenhousegas.Whenyoufactorintheseprocessingemissions,thecarbonfootprintofbiofuelscanbejustasbadas,orworsethan,fossilfuels.Third,theeconomicbenefitcomesatahighsocialcost:foodprices.Whenfarmersselltheircropsforfuelproductioninsteadoffood,thesupplyoffoodforhumanandanimalconsumptiondecreases.Thisdrivesuppricesglobally.Thiscreatesasituationwhereweareliterally"burningfood"whilepeopleinpoorcountriesarestrugglingwithhunger.Itcreatesanunethicalcompetitionbetweengastanksandstomachs.题目：Summarizethepointsmadeinthelecture,beingsuretoexplainhowtheyopposethepointsmadeinthereadingpassage.高分范文：Thereadingpassagepresentsbiofuelsasasuperioralternativetofossilfuels,citingtheirrenewability,carbon-neutralnature,andeconomicbenefits.However,thelecturerarguesthattheseadvantagesarelargelyoverstatedandthatbiofuelshavesignificanthiddencosts.First,thereadingstatesthatbiofuelsarerenewablebecausecropscanbereplantedannually.Thelectureropposesthisbypointingoutthelandrequirementsinvolved.Toproduceenoughbiofueltoreplacefossilfuels,immenseareasofarablelandareneeded,whichoftenresultsindeforestation.Clearingforestsreleasesstoredcarbonanddestroyshabitats,suggestingthattherenewabilityofthefuelcomesatasevereenvironmentalexpense.Second,thereadingclaimsthatbiofuelsarecarbon-neutralbecausetheCO2releasedequalstheCO2absorbedbyplants.Thelecturercountersthisbyarguingthatthecalculationisincomplete.Itfailstoaccountfortheemissionsproducedduringthefarmingandprocessingstages,suchastheuseofdiesel-poweredtractorsandtheproductionoffertilizers.Fertilizerproductionreleasesnitrousoxide,averypotentgreenhousegas.Consequently,thetotalcarbonfootprintofbiofuelsmaybeequaltoorevengreaterthanthatoffossilfuels.Third,thereadingsuggeststhatthebiofuelindustrybooststheagriculturaleconomyandfarmerprofits.Thelecturercontradictsthisbyhighlightingthenegativeimpactonfoodsecurity.divertingcropstofuelproductionreducesthefoodsupply,leadingtohigherglobalfoodprices.Thiscreatesanethicaldilemmawherefuelproductioncompetesdirectlywithfeedingthepopulation,disproportionatelyaffectingthepoor.答案解析：1.核心冲突：听力反驳阅读中关于生物燃料环保和经济的乐观论调。2.细节捕捉：Point1:阅读强调可再生；听力强调导致森林砍伐，破坏生态。Point2:阅读强调碳平衡；听力强调生产过程（机械、化肥）排放大量温室气体。Point3:阅读强调经济增长；听力强调导致粮价上涨，引发伦理问题（烧油vs吃饭）。3.词汇运用："arableland,""deforestation,""potentgreenhousegas,""carbonfootprint,""divertingcrops,""ethicaldilemma"等词汇的使用提升了文章的专业度。***真题六：水力压裂法题目内容：ReadingPassage:Hydraulicfracturing,or"fracking,"isamethodofextractingnaturalgasfromdeepundergroundrocklayers.IthasrevolutionizedtheenergyindustryintheUnitedStates,leadingtoanenergyboom.Despiteitssuccess,itfacesopposition.However,thebenefitsoffrackingoutweightheminorrisks.First,frackingprovidesenormouseconomicbenefits.Ithascreatedhundredsofthousandsofjobsandhassignificantlyloweredthecostofnaturalgas.Cheapenergytranslatestolowerelectricitybillsforconsumersandlowermanufacturingcostsforbusinesses,stimulatingtheoveralleconomy.Second,frackingoffersacleaner"bridgefuel"alternativetocoal.Naturalgasburnsmuchmorecleanlythancoal,producinghalfthecarbondioxideandfarfewerpollutantslikesulfurdioxideandmercury.Byswitchingtonaturalgasviafracking,wecanimmediatelyimproveairqualityandreduceourcarbonfootprintwhilewedeveloprenewabletechnologies.Third,theenvironmentalconcernsregardingwatercontaminationareexaggerated.Frackingtakesplacethousandsoffeetbelowthewatertable,separatedbylayersofimpermeablerock.Thechemicalsusedaremostlysandandwater,withasmallamountofbiodegradableadditives.Thereisnoscientificevidencethatfrackingfluidmigratesupwardstocontaminatedrinkingwater.ListeningTranscript:(Professor)Thereadingpresentsaveryone-sidedviewoffracking.Therisksarenotminor;theyaresignificantandposeseriousthreatstotheenvironmentandpublichealth.First,theeconomicboomistemporaryandcomeswithhiddencosts.Thefrackingindustryispronetoboom-and-bustcycles.Onceawellisfracked,productiondropsoffrapidly,requiringconstantdrilling.Thiscreatesanunstablejobmarket.Furthermore,theeconomicgainsareoftenoffsetbythecostsofrepairingdamagedroadsandinfrastructurecausedbytheheavytrucktrafficrequiredtosupportdrillingoperations.Localcommunitiesoftenenduppayingmoreinrepairsthantheygaininrevenue.Second,callingnaturalgasa"bridgefuel"ismisleadingbecauseofmethaneleaks.Frackingwellsleaksignificantamountsofmethane,whichistheprimarycomponentofnaturalgas.Methaneisagreenhousegasthatisover80timesmorepotentthanCO2attrappingheatintheshortterm.Whentheseleaksarefactoredin,theclimateadvantageofnaturalgasovercoaldisappears,anditmayevenbeworsefortheclimate.Third,theclaimthatwatercontaminationisexaggeratedisfalse.Whilethefrackinghappensdeepunderground,theproblemliesatthesurface.Thewastewaterthatflowsbackupcontainsnotjustthefrackingchemicalsbutalsoheavymetalsandradioactivematerialsbroughtupfromtheearth.Thiswastewaterisoftenstoredinopenpitsortanksthatcanleak,oritistruckedtotreatmentplantsthatarenotequippedtohandleradioactivity.Thisishowdrinkingwatergetscontaminated.题目：Summarizethepointsmadeinthelecture,beingsuretoexplainhowtheychallengethespecificclaimsmadeinthereadingpassage.高分范文：Thereadingpassagearguesthathydraulicfracturing,orfracking,isbeneficialduetoitseconomicimpact,roleasacleanerbridgefuel,andsafetyregardingwatercontamination.Thelecturer,however,refutestheseclaims,suggestingthattherisksanddrawbacksaresubstantial.First,thereadingclaimsthatfrackingcreatesjobsandlowersenergycosts.Thelecturerchallengesthisbypointingouttheinstabilityofthefrackingeconomy.Shenotesthatproductionfromwellsdropsquickly,leadingtoa"boom-and-bust"cycleratherthanstableemployment.Additionally,shearguesthattheheavytrucktrafficrequiredfordrillingdamageslocalroadsandinfrastructure.Thecostoftheserepairsoftenfallsonlocalcommunities,negatingt